Iyini i-flux ekhanyayo yamalambu e-LED?

Amalambu e-light-emitting diode (LED) abonakala ngamapharamitha amaningi abhekele ukukhanya kwekhwalithi ephezulu nokuphephile. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezici eziyinhloko zamadivayisi aleli klasi, okuhlanganisa ukuqhathanisa okwedlule nalawo amalambu endabuko e-incandescent, futhi izonikeza izincomo ekukhetheni izibani ze-LED zekhaya.

Iyini i-flux ekhanyayo?

I-flux ekhanyayo yinani elibonakalayo elibonisa inani lamayunithi “okukhanya” kwamandla okugeleza okuhambisanayo kwemisebe. Amandla okukhanya wona, amandla adlula endaweni ethile ngesikhathi esithile.

Kalula nje, i-flux ekhanyayo umqondo onquma inani lokukhanya elikhishwa umthombo (ohlakeni lwe-athikili, lena idivayisi yokukhanya), nokuthi lokhu kugeleza kwemisebe kukhishwa futhi kusatshalaliswe kanjani emkhathini.

Amandla e-flux ekhanyayo futhi ilinganiswa kanjani?

Lapho kuhlolwa futhi kuqhathaniswa amadivaysi okukhanyisa, iyunithi enjalo yokulinganisa ukugeleza okukhanyayo njenge-lumen isetshenziswa. Lena iyunithi eyisisekelo yokulinganisa ekhishwa umthombo, ukugeleza kokukhanya. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kuyiphutha ochwepheshe bokukhanyisa kanye nabasebenzisi abajwayelekile ukuhlola imishini yokukhanyisa besebenzisa umqondo “wokukhanya”. Leli gama alilona iphutha kuphela, kodwa futhi lingase lidukise, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa kumalambu e-LED.

Izibani zendabuko ze-incandescent ziphuma ku-spectrum enkulu kakhulu yesignali yokukhanya, kuyilapho izibani ze-LED “zimboza” ingxenye encane kuphela yendawo “eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka”. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ikhipha amandla acishe aqhathaniswe, umthombo we-LED ukhanya kakhudlwana.

Ngokuphathelene nezibani ze-LED, umqondo othi “ukukhanya” ngezinye izikhathi usetshenziswa (owuphawu lokuqina lapho ukukhanya kwehla khona phezulu). Iyunithi yokukhanyisa eyamukelekile ithi lux (lx).

Idivayisi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwezibani ze-LED

Izibani ze-LED zokukhanyisa zihluka ngaphandle kuphela, isakhiwo sangaphakathi samadivayisi ahlukene sicishe sifane. Ukukhanya kukhishwa ngokuqondile ama-LED, inombolo, amandla kanye ne-spectrum yombala ehluka kuye ngemodeli.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwesibani sokukhanyisa i-LED sisekelwe ekuguqulweni kwe-voltage eshintshashintshayo kagesi, ngokusebenzisa isifunda sikagesi, ibe yinto engaguquki, empeleni ephakela amakristalu akhipha imisebe.

Idivayisi yokukhanyisa i-LED yasendlini iqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• I-diffuser iyi-hemisphere ekhethekile ekhulisa ukuhlakazeka futhi ihlakaze ngokulinganayo ukugeleza kokukhanya. Ngokuya ngemodeli, le ngxenye ingenziwa ngepulasitiki ye-matte, esobala noma eguquguqukayo (okuhlukile ngamadivayisi we-fluorescent, lapho kusetshenziswa khona into ekhethekile ekhanyayo).
• Ikristalu ye-LED iyisisekelo sesibani sesimanje se-LED. Inombolo yabo ingahluka kusuka kweyodwa kuya kweyishumi nambili – kuncike ekuklanyeni, ubukhulu, amandla, ubukhulu bokushisa okushisa kwemodeli ethile. Kuyikhwalithi yamakristalu e-LED enquma imingcele eyinhloko yedivayisi nokuqina kwayo, ngoba uma ngisho ne-chip eyodwa ihluleka, isibani singalahlwa.
• Ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe – ekwakhiweni kwalo, kusetshenziswa i-alloy ekhethekile ye-aluminium anodized, evumela ukuthi ihlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo ne-radiator, ilahle ukushisa.
• I-heatsink ingumkhiqizo we-aluminium omise okukhethekile ovumela ukususwa okusebenzayo kokushisa kumakristalu. Indawo ekhipha ukushisa ye-radiator iyanda ngenxa yokuba khona kwamapuleti amaningi emzimbeni wale nto.
• Umshayeli uyingxenye ebalulekile yesekethe, ngaphandle kwalokho amakristalu e-LED angavele ashise. Iyunithi ilungisa, inciphise futhi izinze i-voltage yamapayipi. Kukhona abashayeli abakude nabakhelwe ngaphakathi – iningi lemishini yokukhanyisa i-LED yasendlini ifakwe uhlobo lwakamuva lwamadivayisi afakwe ngqo endlini yesibani.
• I-capacitor iyingxenye yerediyo-technical eshelela futhi ama-voltage ripples ahlinzekwa ku-matrix ye-LED.
• Isisekelo se-polymer sengxenye yesisekelo siyisici sesakhiwo esidingekayo ukuze kuvikelwe umzimba wedivayisi ekuqhekekeni kukagesi kanye nomuntu ekushaqekeni kukagesi lapho eshintsha isibani.
• I- Plinth – ingxenye yokushintsha ehlinzeka ngokuxhuma kuma-mains. Ngokuvamile, isisekelo senziwa nge-nickel-plated zethusi, esihlinzeka ngokuxhumana okuthembekile kanye nomphumela wokulwa nokubola.

Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi kumadivayisi we-LED, ngokungafani nezibani zendabuko ze-incandescent, indawo yokushisa ephezulu isekelwe ngaphakathi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isibani se-LED sidinga ukupholisa kwangaphakathi okuphumelelayo, okwenziwa ngendlela ye-radiator yokupholisa.

Izici eziyinhloko

Ezicini eziningi, amadivaysi e-LED aphakeme kunezibani ze-incandescent neminye imithombo yokukhanya. Phakathi kwemingcele eminingi yezobuchwepheshe yezibani ze-LED, eziningana eziyinhloko zingahlukaniswa.

Amandla wesibani se-LED

Ngaphansi kwamandla edivayisi ye-LED, basho amandla kagesi asetshenziswa yilo kusuka kunethiwekhi. Ukwenza kube lula ukuthi umthengi azulazule, inkomba elinganayo yesibani se-incandescent ikhonjiswe ekufakweni kwesibani se-LED.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukusebenza kahle kwamadivayisi anjalo alinganayo kuyahlukahluka. Zinokukhanya okuhlukile namandla okuguquguquka okukhanyayo.

I-engeli yokusabalalisa

Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwezibani ze-LED zasendlini kuhlakazekile nge-engeli engu-60 ° – 340 °. Amadivayisi anephethini yemisebe ebanzi kancane asetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kokukhanya kwamabala, ukukhanya okuklanyiwe. Amadivayisi ane-engeli yokusabalalisa ebanzi asetshenziselwa ukuhlela ukukhanya okuvamile. I-angle enkulu yokuhlakazeka iyatholakala kumalambu anemicu ye-LED. Inkomba yalolu hlobo lwedivayisi ihambisana nezibani zendabuko ze-incandescent.

Yakha i-flux ekhanyayo

Ukukhanya kwedivayisi yokukhanyisa, noma kunalokho inani lokukhanya elikhishwa yilo, libonakala ngepharamitha efana ne-“luminous flux”, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kulinganiswa ngamalumens. Isibani se-LED esingu-400 lumens cishe silingana nesibani se-incandescent esingama-watt angu-40. Empeleni, kukhona ukuthambekela kokuthi abakhiqizi bemishini ye-LED baqikelele ngamabomu lesi sici. Amapharamitha aseduze newangempela kumadivayisi athile angatholwa ngokuhlola imiphumela yokuhlolwa okuzimele.

Izinga lokushisa elimibalabala

Isibani se-incandescent esijwayeleke kakhulu sikhipha ukukhanya okuphuzi okuthambile okuthambile, izinga lokushisa lombala elisondela ku-2750 Kelvin (K). Ngakho-ke, isibani se-LED esinokushisa okufanayo kombala sizonikeza ukukhanya okuseduze kwesibani sendabuko. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, amadivaysi e-LED abonakala ngokushisa kombala okungu-3000 K – ngokunethezeka kahle kwamehlo, kodwa ukukhanya okumhlophe kancane. Amalambu anenkomba engu-3000 – 4000 K afanele amahhovisi. Amadivayisi okukhanyisa anezinga lokushisa lombala lika-5000 K noma ngaphezulu afaneleka kuphela emakamelweni awusizo.

I-Ripple factor

Lesi sici sisebenza kuwo wonke amadivaysi okukhanyisa. Imishini ye-LED yekhwalithi ephezulu ine-ripple factor ephansi kakhulu, ephansi izikhathi ezi-3 kuya kwezi-5 kunezibani ze-incandescent. Ngokwale nkomba, amadivaysi e-LED avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi indawo. Kumalambu ashibhile, imvamisa i-ripple coefficient ayiboniswa, nokho, ukucwayiza kuhlolwa kalula kusetshenziswa ikhamera yocingo. Lapho kukhona ama-ripples, imigqa emnyama ibonakala esibonisini.

Amandla alinganayo

Ekupakishweni kwesibani se-LED, ngokuvamile kuvame ipharamitha njengamandla alinganayo esibani se-incandescent. Isibonelo, kungaba ulwazi lokuthi idivayisi ye-LED inamandla angu-5 W, alingana namandla esibani se-incandescent angu-40 W. Abakhiqizi abangaqaphile kakhulu bangaba ubuqili endabeni yale mingcele, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi okokuqala unake isici se-flux ekhanyayo yesibani se-LED.

I-voltage esebenzayo

Ama-voltage ajwayelekile okusebenza amalambu esimanje e-LED angama-220 V (kumapayipi amakhulu ajwayelekile) kanye no-12 V (ozosetshenziswa nezinto zikagesi). Eyakamuva isebenza kuwo womabili ama-voltage e-AC ne-DC. Nokho, ezinye zalezi zibani, lapho zisebenza ngomthombo wamanje oshintshanayo, zingase zibe nesici esinamandla esiyingozi esiyingozi emehlweni.

Inkomba yokunikeza umbala

Inkomba yokunikeza umbala we-spectral yedivayisi ye-LED ihlukile uma iqhathaniswa nesibani se-incandescent. Inengxenye yombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Inkomba yokunikeza umbala (Ra), ecaciswe umkhiqizi wedivayisi, ibonisa ukufana kwezinga lazo zonke izingxenye zombala. I-flux ekhanyayo enenkomba ephansi (ngaphansi kuka-80 Ra) ayijabulisi emehlweni. Izibani ze-incandescent nokukhanya kwelanga kunale nkomba esifundeni se-97 – 98 Ra, izibani zekhwalithi eziphezulu ze-LED zingaphezu kwama-80, amamodeli ngamanye – amayunithi angama-90. Empeleni, inkomba yokunikeza umbala we-spectral ilinganiswa ngokweqile ngamabomu abanye abakhiqizi: uma ibhalwe ku-Ra – 80 emaphaketheni, ingaba amayunithi angama-75 noma ngaphansi.

Ukulawula ukukhanya

Amalambu amaningi e-LED awasebenzi ngemishini yokufiphalisa eklanyelwe ukulungisa ukukhanya kwezinto zokukhanyisa. Kodwa-ke, izibani ze-LED zingatholakala emakethe esevele ineyunithi ye-dimmer eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, noma banenketho yokusekela ama-dimmers angaphandle amalambu e-incandescent noma aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile amadivayisi we-diode.

Ukushisa nokukhiqiza ukushisa

I-flux ekhanyayo ye-LED iqondiswe ohlangothini olulodwa, kuyilapho ukushisa kukhishwa ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ingaphakathi lesibani se-LED kufanele lipholiswe ngenkuthalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, idivayisi yokukhanyisa ifakwe i-radiator.

Izici zokuqhathanisa zamadivayisi we-LED namalambu e-incandescent

Ukuze uthole ukuqhathanisa okubonakalayo kwamadivayisi we-LED nezibani ze-incandescent, kufanele ubhekisele etafuleni elikhethekile. Njengoba ubona, umehluko ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla phakathi kwalezi zigaba zamadivayisi anamandla afanayo okuguquguquka okukhanyayo ubalulekile.

Kodwa empeleni, i-5W LED fixture ayilingani ne-40W incandescent light bulb. Ukukhanya kwedivayisi ye-LED empeleni kungaba kude nama-lumens angama-400 kuye ngezinto ezimbalwa. Lokhu, isibonelo, i-matte case, “idla” ingxenye yamandla ngomshayeli, ezinye izingxenye zikagesi, njll.

Ukukhipha ukukhanya

Enye yemingcele ebaluleke kakhulu ekubalweni kwesikimu sokukhanyisa kwekamelo ukuphuma kokukhanya kwedivayisi egibele. Lesi sici silinganiswa ngamaLumens / Watts. Kumalambu e-incandescent, ukukhanya okuvela ku-8 kuye ku-10 lm/W. Kuma-LED, ipharamitha isukela ku-90 iye ku-110 Lm / W, futhi kumamodeli wekhwalithi ephezulu – ukusuka ku-120 kuye ku-140 Lm / W. Ngokuphuma kokukhanya, izibani ze-LED zingcono izikhathi ezingu-8-10 kunezinye izinketho.

Ukukhipha ukushisa

Uma uqhathanisa ama-LED nezibani zendabuko ze-incandescent, ukuchithwa kwawo kokushisa kufanele kucatshangelwe. Amalambu engilazi amalambu e-incandescent ashisa aze afike ku-230 – 240 degrees Celsius, kuyilapho isibani se-LED esinamandla singashisa kuze kufike ku-45 degrees. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lezi zokugcina aziyona ingozi yomlilo futhi zingafakwa kunoma yiliphi igumbi, ngokungafani nezibani ze-incandescent, ezinganconywa ukuthi zisetshenziswe, isibonelo, ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zokhuni.

Isikhathi sokuphila

Isici esiyinhloko esikhuluma ngenzuzo yama-LED. I-matrix ye-LED ingasebenza amahora angu-40,000, kanti isibani se-incandescent asivamile ukuhlala amahora angaphezu kwenkulungwane, cishe izikhathi ezingu-40 ngaphansi. Ngenxa yobulungisa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amanani aphezulu kangaka atholakala emikhiqizweni ye-LED yekhwalithi ephezulu evela kubakhiqizi abaziwayo. Amakristalu e-LED ashibhile anomthombo ophansi kakhulu.

ukusebenza kahle

Ukusebenza kahle kwesibani kuwumqondo obonisa inani lokukhanya elikhiqizwayo uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhishwa okushisayo kwedivayisi. Lesi sici samadivayisi we-LED sisondela ku-90%, kuyilapho, njengezibani ze-incandescent, isenzo esiwusizo silinganiselwa kumaphesenti angu-7-9. Akudingeki ukusho, ukuthi zingakanani izibani ze-LED ezongayo uma ziqhathaniswa nozakwabo bendabuko.

Inani

Umbuzo ophikisana kakhulu ukuthi yini enenzuzo eyengeziwe yokusebenzisa: izibani ze-diode noma izibani ze-incandescent? Naphezu kokuthi ezangaphambili ziyi-oda lobukhulu ezibiza kakhulu, isikhathi sabo sokusebenza esiphelele sidlula kakhulu impilo yesevisi yenketho yesibili. Futhi uma sicabangela inkomba enjalo njengokulondoloza amandla, izibani zendabuko azinalo nhlobo ithuba. Nokho, empeleni, izinto azikacaci kangako. Idivayisi ye-LED, njengezinye izinhlobo zezibani, ingahluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunomkhawulo wokuphila kwesevisi (isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka kwamandla noma ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa). Ngaphezu kwalokho, zikhanya zibuthakathaka, ngakho abasebenzisi ngokuvamile kufanele bathenge futhi bafake izibani ze-LED ezengeziwe.

Ingxenye yezemvelo

Amalambu e-LED aqinisekisiwe aqukethe iphesenti elincane kakhulu lamakhemikhali ayingozi. Bona, njengezibani ze-incandescent, azidingi ukulahlwa okukhethekile. Kodwa lokhu akusho nakancane ukuthi izinto zikagesi eziphelelwe yisikhathi kufanele zilahlwe kanye neminye imfucuza yasendlini. Amadivayisi okukhanyisa anganikezwa, isibonelo, ezindaweni zokuqoqa ezikhethekile.

Amathiphu Wokukhetha I-bulb ye-LED

Ukukhetha isibani esihle se-LED akuwona umsebenzi olula. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nakubakhiqizi abadumile emhlabeni wonke, kunezimo ezinezinga eliphezulu lokushaya umoya noma ngemingcele yokuphuma kokukhanya okulinganiselwe ngokuphathelene namanani angempela. Izincomo ezilandelayo zisekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho okungokoqobo kwabasebenzisi kanye nemiphumela yochwepheshe abazimele. Isibani se-LED esihle kufanele sihlangabezane nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

• i-ripple factor – akukho ngaphezu kwe-30%;
• ukunikezwa kombala – inkomba 80 nangaphezulu;
• izinga lokukhanya elikhanyayo – lihambisana nenani lokukhanya okukhanyayo kwesibani se-incandescent;
• i-angle yokukhanyisa eyamukelekayo – akukho ngaphezu kwama-degrees angu-50;
• uma kunesidingo, ukusekelwa kwamaswishi anenkomba;
• uma kunesidingo – ukwesekwa kokufiphala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngeke kube yinto engafanele ukugxila kula maphuzu alandelayo:

• Faka isandla sakho ngaphansi kokukhanya kwesibani. Uma isikhumba sinombala ompunga, idivayisi isebenzisa ama-LED anenkomba enikeza umbala ophansi.
• Ngisho noma ubona igama elithi “akukho ripple” ephaketheni, lokhu akusho ukuthi i-flicker ayikho ngokuphelele. Cishe inani layo lingaphakathi kuka-5%.
• Uma kungenzeka uvule isibani, khomba ikhamera ye-smartphone evuliwe kuyo. Uma ungaboni noma yimiphi imithende, isigxivizo se-LED sinezinga eliphansi lokushaya umoya.
• Swayipha ipeni lomthombo phambi kwesibani esivuliwe. Uma into iphinda kabili noma iphindwe kathathu, umthombo unezinga eliphezulu lokushayeka.
• Ukukhanya kwesibani se-LED kungabhekwa kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezikhethekile zemitha yokukhanya ku-smartphone yakho ye-Android.
• Ungathengi umkhiqizo onosuku lokukhishwa lweminyaka emi-3 noma ngaphezulu. Kungcono ukukhetha inketho yesimanje.
• Khetha isibani se-LED esinewaranti ende (iminyaka engu-3-5).
• Sicela ugcine irisidi yakho ukuze ukwazi ukubuyisela noma ukushintshanisa into uma kudingeka.

Izibani ze-LED zihlukile kumalambu e-incandescent asendulo ezicini eziningi. Okubaluleke kakhulu kuzo amandla, i-dispersion angle, i-flux ekhanyayo, izinga lokushisa lombala kanye ne-ripple factor. Lapho ukhetha isibani se-LED, kufanele futhi unake ukukhanya nokushisa okukhipha idivayisi, isikhathi sewaranti yayo, ukusebenza kahle, amandla alinganayo, i-voltage yokusebenza kanye nenkomba yokunikeza umbala.