Yiziphi izibani ezikhanyayo ze-LED?

Izibani ze-linear ze-LED zikuvumela ukuthi uhlele ukukhanyisa efulethini noma ehhovisi ngokuhambisana nezidingo zesimanje. Lezi zindlela zokonga futhi eziguquguqukayo zingasetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa okuvamile noma ukukhanyisa kwendawo.

Yiziphi izibani ezikhanyayo ze-LED?

Lezi zibani zimelela isigaba sezibani ze-LED, namuhla ezicishe zashintsha ama-incandescent ama-incandescent asetshenziswa nsuku zonke futhi ziye zacindezela ngokuphawulekayo izimbangi zazo eziyinhloko – izibani ze-fluorescent. Isici sabo siwumklamo oqinile ovumela ukuthi ungene kunoma iyiphi ingaphakathi. I-Linear LED luminaires amalambu amade amade. Zinomzimba omude osesimweni se-paralelepiped. Le divayisi elula isivele ithole ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke nasekukhiqizeni. Ngosizo lwabo, izakhiwo, izakhiwo, izindawo zokusebenza emahhovisi, amakhabethe, amakhishi akhanyisiwe.
Imigqa ye-LED idingeka kakhulu ku:

• izikhungo zemfundo;
• imitapo yolwazi;
• izindawo zokudlela;
• izindawo zokuzivocavoca;
• amagaraji;
• amahhotela;
• izitolo nezindawo zokuthenga;
• amachibi.

Izibani zomugqa ziyahlukahluka komunye nomunye ngomklamo nakweminye imingcele. Ukukhetha amamodeli afanele, bahlela izinketho ezahlukene zokukhanyisa – zikhanyisa igumbi lonke, indawo ehlukile kanye nento ethile yangaphakathi.

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Amalambu e-Linear LED ayinto emisha ohlelweni lokukhanyisa. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo kabanzi kulinganiselwe mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuntula ukwazi kwabathengi ngezinzuzo ezinkulu zalezi zibani.
Okuhle:

• Ukuguquguquka. Ifanele ukuqaliswa kwemisebenzi nemibono eyahlukene.
• Ukukhanya okungenathunzi. Noma iyiphi idivayisi yokukhanya kwephoyinti, okuhlanganisa namakhanyisa, yenza amabala okukhanya. Amamodeli alayini akhanyisa igumbi ngokulinganayo ngaphandle kokushiya izithunzi.
• Ukuphepha. Ayiqukethe izinto ezinobuthi (i-mercury). Iphephile kubantu kanye nemvelo. Zivunyelwe ukulahlwa kanye nodoti ojwayelekile.
• I-Modularity. Izibani eziningi zenziwa ngendlela yamamojula. Zihlanganiswe ngendlela ethile, zifinyelele izinsimbi zokukhanya ezifunayo.
• Ukukhanya kwekhwalithi. Ihluke ngokulinganayo nangokulingene, iphephe ngangokunokwenzeka esweni lomuntu kanye nesimiso sezinzwa. Ayishisi noma icwayize.
• Ukwethembeka . Izindlu nazo zonke ezinye izakhi azikwazi ukumelana nokudlidliza.
• Ukufakwa okunethezekile. Asikho isikhathi esichithiwe sokuthungela. Isibani sikhanyisa ngaso leso sikhathi, ngokushesha sifinyelele ekukhanyeni okusethiwe.
• Ubude besevisi. Kuwuhlelo lobukhulu olude kunokuphila kwezibani ze-incandescent. Isilinganiso sempilo yesevisi yiminyaka eyi-12 noma amahora angama-50,000-100,000 (kuye ngokuthi umenzi).
• Iyalondoloza. Isebenzisa amandla aphansi, okonga izikweletu zikagesi. I-Linear LED-luminaires inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngo-80-90% uma kuqhathaniswa nezibani ezivamile ze-incandescent.
• Ukuboniswa okulungile kwezinto. Ifinyelelwa ngenxa yokunikezwa kombala okuhle kakhulu nokukhanya okuphezulu (120 Lm/W).
• Ukushisa okubuthakathaka c. Imigqa ye-LED ikhipha ukushisa okuncane, okuvumela ukuthi isetshenziswe ngokuhambisana ne-lining kanye nophahla olulula.
• Ukukhetha izinga lokushisa lokukhanyisa. Abasebenzisi bangakhetha ezintweni ezintathu – ukukhanya okufudumele, okungathathi hlangothi nokupholile.

Ngenxa yezici zokuklama komzimba, izibani zomugqa zimelana cishe nazo zonke izici ezingezinhle – ukushisa okweqile, umswakama, ukucindezeleka kwemishini.

Imigqa ye-LED ayidingi ama-adaptha, ixhumeke ngqo kunethiwekhi ye-220 V.

Ukungalungi kwesibani somugqa:

• Ingase yehluleke ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi. Ukunikezwa kwamandla okwakhelwe ngaphakathi akulondolozi idivayisi phakathi nokukhuphuka okukhulu. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amabhlogo okuvikela engeziwe.
• Lapho ukunikezwa kwamandla kwehluleka, kufanele ushintshe yonke idivayisi, ngoba iwumshini owodwa ogcwele izinto zikagesi.
• Idinga ukuchithwa kokushisa. I-substrate okunamathiselwe kuyo ama-LED inesibopho sayo. Uma izinsimbi ziphukile, izimbobo zingase zakheke ezivimbela ukuchithwa kokushisa okuvamile, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwedivayisi.

Idizayini

I-linear LED luminaire, njengamanye amadivaysi okukhanyisa, iqukethe izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko – isici esikhipha ukukhanya, ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nesistimu yokupholisa, ebekwe endlini.

isici esikhipha ukukhanya

Umthombo wokukhanya ungama-LED akhanya kakhulu. Edivayisini eyodwa, inombolo yabo ifinyelela amashumi ezicucu. Amandla e-flux yokukhanya kanye nobukhulu besibani kuncike ekutheni mangaki ama-diode afakwe kumojula. Osayizi be-LED basuka ezincekwini zemilimitha ukuya kumasentimitha ambalwa. Zinamathiselwe kumapheshana angama-rectangular – amamojula. Esikhundleni sama-diode, ama-micro-matrices angasetshenziswa, afaka ama-LED amaningi angenasici – amashumi ngisho namakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kukamatikuletsheni kungakhuphula kakhulu ukugeleza okukhanyayo ngaphandle kokwandisa usayizi we-luminaire. I-matrix, equkethe cishe i-mini-diode eyikhulu, enobukhulu be-LED evamile, iyayidlula ngamandla izikhathi eziningana.

Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi

Le nodi ibizwa nangokuthi umshayeli. Kuyidivayisi ye-elekthronikhi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi inikeza imojula ye-LED ngezinga le-voltage elidingekayo. Ama-LED ama-elementi azwelayo futhi asengozini ye-semiconductor. Ukweqa okuncane kunethiwekhi kwanele ukuthi bahluleke. Imiphi imisebenzi exazululwa ngumshayeli we-LED:

• Yehlisa i-voltage kagesi (220 V) ibe inani elidingwa yi-matrix.
• Iguqula i-AC voltage ibe yi-DC. Zonke izakhi ze-diode, ezisebenza ngokushintshana kwamanje, zenza umjikelezo wesigamu kuphela wesignali. Le ndlela yokusebenza ayifanele, iyadingeka ukunika amandla ama-diode nge-current eqondile.
• Iqinisa amandla amanje ezingeni elidingekayo ku-matrix ethile.
• Icindezela umsindo oshukumisayo kanye nokuphakama kwamandla kagesi aphezulu okwenzeka kunethiwekhi.

Isistimu yokupholisa

Kunombono wokuthi imithombo yokukhanya esebenza ezintweni ze-semiconductor ayishisi. Kodwa uma ubeka isandla sakho emzimbeni wesibani, osebenze imizuzu embalwa, uzobona ukuthi kukhona ukushisa. Ukususa ukushisa kumadivayisi we-LED, ama-radiator afakiwe. Izinto zokukhipha ukushisa zinezimbambo futhi zenziwe ngensimbi. Ngokuvamile zitholakala ngaphandle kwethuluzi. Amamojula anama-diode afakwe kuma-radiator. Uma icala lenziwe ngensimbi, i-radiator ngokuvamile ayifakiwe, ngoba i-casing ngokwayo yenza indima yayo.

Gcina izindawo ezingaphandle zamalambu e-LED zihlanzekile ngokuwafaka uthuli okungenani kanye ngenyanga. Uma kungenjalo, ungqimba lothuli luphazamisa ukupholisa kwama-LED, futhi angase ashise.

Uhlaka

Amandla emishini yocingo kanye nobude besikhathi sokusebenza kwayo kuncike kwikhwalithi yale elementi. Umzimba uqukethe izingxenye ezimbili – i-casing ne-diffuser glass. Okwakhiweni okuhoxisiwe, umzimba ufihliwe, ngakho-ke azikho izidingo ezikhethekile zawo. Ukuze uthole izinto ezingaphezulu, umzimba kufanele ufane nengaphakathi lekamelo. Ingilazi – emhlophe noma esobala, i-polycarbonate noma ithafa. I-casing yenziwe ngensimbi noma ngepulasitiki. Inketho engcono kakhulu i-aluminium, isusa ukushisa kahle, ivimbela imodyuli ekushiseni ngokweqile. Amakesi epulasitiki anemiklamo ehlukene. Kunconywa ukuba unake amaphuzu alandelayo:

• akufanele kube khona ukudlala (isikhala samahhala phakathi kwezingxenye);
• ukuba khona kwezimbobo ezilinganayo ngenani elifanele.

Yiziphi izibani ze-LED zomugqa?

Zonke izibani zomugqa zinesimo esijwayelekile esinde futhi zikhanya ngokulinganayo kubo bonke ubude. I-engeli lapho ukugeleza kuhlakazeka khona incike ezicini zokuklama futhi ingama-degrees angu-100-180. Ngokusho kwendlela yokubopha, izibani zihlukaniswa:

• Ikhona. Lawa mamodeli abekwe kuma-niches, emakhoneni amakamelo, ngaphansi kwamatafula aseceleni kombhede noma amashalofu. Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi. Babonakala bezungeza amakhona futhi bandise isikhala.
• Kushumekiwe. Ngokuvamile zakhiwe ophahleni noma ezindongeni. Ingilazi ekhipha ukukhanya ihlala ibonakala emehlweni. I-luminaire empeleni ayisebenzisi ivolumu yamahhala yezakhiwo, njengoba ihlehliswe ngokuphelele phezulu. Akwenzeki ukushumeka idivayisi kuzo zonke izinto zokwakha. Isibonelo, kuyinkinga ukuyibeka endaweni ekhonkolo.
• Okuphezulu. Izibani ezinjalo zibonakala ngokugcwele. Zinamathele ezindongeni, ophahleni noma kunoma iyiphi enye indawo. Inzuzo yalezi zinhlobo ukuthi kulula ukuzifaka.
• Kumisiwe. Zifakwe ekumisweni, ubude bazo obuhlukile. Ngenxa yalesi simiso sokufakwa, akunakwenzeka kuphela ukuhlela ukukhanya kwekhwalithi ephezulu, kucatshangelwa ukuklanywa kwekamelo, kodwa futhi nokwengeza imininingwane ethakazelisayo ngaphakathi.

Ngokuya ngendawo yokunamathiselwe, amamodeli ahlukaniswa:

• uphahla;
• olungaphambili lwesonto;
• udonga.

Kunamamodeli lapho ukuqina kokukhanya kushintsha khona ngokushintsha.

Ukufakwa nokuxhumeka kwezibani ze-LED ezinomugqa

Izibani ezisetshenziswa ophahleni olunwetshiwe noma olumisiwe zifakwa emabhokisini alungiselelwe ngaphambili angaphumeleli ngale kwezakhiwo. Lesi silungiselelo sinikeza umphumela wokukhanya okuhlukanisiwe. Emakhishini, izibani zivame ukulengiswa emaketangeni noma ezibambi. Lesi sixazululo sidala umphumela wokukhanya, okubukeka ngokuvumelana ku-high-tech kanye ne-minimalist yangaphakathi. Ukuze ufake isibani uzodinga:

• ama-screwdrivers amabili – flat and cross-shaped;
• ithuluzi lokususwa kwe-insulation;
• udladla.

I-luminaire yomugqa ixhunywe njengesibani se-LED esiyindilinga evamile. Ukuze uyifake:

1. Beka izintambo ezibukhoma. Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka ikhwalithi ye-insulation yayo.
2. Faka umshini ngokohlobo lwawo. Qinisekisa ukuthi isibani silungiswe ngokuphephile.

Umdwebo wokuxhuma ukukhanya kwe-LED:
Ividiyo ekufakweni kwezibani zomugqa we-LED itholakala ngezansi: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inZ9d5D3U1o&feature=emb_logo

Imithetho yokusebenza

Izibani ze-Linear ze-LED zibhekwa njengezinto ezinokwethenjelwa, kodwa ukuze zisebenze ngokungenasici, zifake ngendlela efanele, bese zilandela imithetho yokusetshenziswa. Ukufakwa nokusebenza:

• Ukukhweza nokudiliza kwenziwa ngokucinywa kukagesi wamapayipi.
• Amadivayisi e-Linear LED axhunywe kugesi wekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kokwehla okungazelelwe kanye nokwenyuka kwamandla. Amamojula e-LED anconywa ukuthi axhunywe ku-220 V ngokusebenzisa ama-adaptha enethiwekhi anokuvikela okwakhelwe ngaphakathi.
• Hlola njalo ukuxhumana kukagesi kanye nobuqotho bezintambo. Isibani akumele sivulwe uma kunomonakalo.
• Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa ama-luminaires anokulimala komshini ku-casing noma ingilazi yokuzivikela. Ngaphambi kokufakwa, hlola ubuqotho bezindlu.

Ungakhetha kanjani isibani se-LED?

Uma ukhetha izibani ze-LED eziqondile, ziqondiswe izici zazo zobuchwepheshe. Imingcele yamadivayisi we-LED ihluke kakhulu kulawo amalambu e-incandescent, ngakho-ke ayicacisi kumsebenzisi ongaqeqeshiwe.

Umkhiqizi

Namuhla ekuthengiseni ungathola izibani ezivela kubakhiqizi basekhaya, baseShayina nabaseNtshonalanga. Lezi zamuva zibiza kakhulu, kodwa zithembisa ikhwalithi ephezulu. Lapho uthenga into enjalo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengezibani ze-LED, kuyasiza ukuthi uqale uzijwayeze nenkampani yokukhiqiza.

Amandla kagesi

I-voltage yokuhlinzeka ngokuvamile iboniswa njengobubanzi lapho umenzi aqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazamiseki kwedivayisi. Uma idivayisi ithi “kusuka ku-176 kuya ku-264 V”, lokhu kusho ukuthi ibhekana cishe nanoma yimaphi amaconsi lapho ixhunywe kunethiwekhi ye-220 V, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ayilahlekelwa ukukhanya. Uhlu olubanzi lwama-voltage okufakwayo lubangelwa ukuba khona komshayeli. Amalambu e-LED angasebenza nge-AC/DC 220V/12V.

Amandla

Amandla amalambu e-LED nezindawo zokulungisa i-oda lobukhulu obuphansi kunezinye izinhlobo zemishini yokukhanyisa. Kukhona itafula lokuqhathanisa emaphaketheni, ngokusho ukuthi umsebenzisi anganquma ukuthi yimaphi amandla esibani se-incandescent ahambisana nesibani se-LED. Lapho kudayiswa kukhona izibani eziqondile ezinamandla ahlukahlukene: 4, 6, 8, 16, 18, njll Isibonelo, isibani se-8 W LED sihambisana nesibani esivamile se-incandescent esingu-60 W.

Izinga lokushisa elimibalabala

Le nkomba ibizwa nangokuthi umbala wokukhanya futhi inquma umthunzi we-backlight. Izinga lokushisa lombala likalwa ngamadigri Kelvin. Ihambisana nombala wensimbi evuthayo emazingeni okushisa athile. Lapho inani liphakeme, ukukhanya kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kumahhovisi nezindawo zomphakathi, izibani ezinokushisa kombala ophakeme zikhethiwe – kusuka ku-4,500 K. Basiza ukuhlanganisa ukunaka komuntu, isimo sakhe sengqondo somsebenzi. Ezindaweni zokuhlala, amamodeli anamazinga aphansi athathwa – cishe 3,600 K. Anikeza i-tint ephuzi elithambile.

Ukukhanya

Inani lokukhanya okuncike kulo ukukhanya kwesibani libizwa ngokuthi i-luminous flux. Le nkomba ikalwa ngamalumens (lm). Ukukhethwa kwenziwa ngabanye, kugxile ekuqhathaniseni nezibani ze-incandescent. Isibonelo, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwe-luminaire engu-220 lm kuhambisana nokusebenza kahle okukhanyayo kwe-bulb evamile engu-25 W. Ukukhipha ukukhanya kwe-415 lm kuhambisana nesibani se-incandescent esingu-40 W, njll.

Izinga lokuvikela IP

Lapho ukhetha idivayisi, cabangela izinkomba zobuchwepheshe zedivayisi ethile kanye nezimo okufanele zisetshenziswe ngaphansi kwazo. Izinga lokuvikelwa kwedivayisi kumswakama kanye nemizimba yangaphandle inquma inkomba ye-IP. Lapho iphakeme, isibani sinokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Ukuze kufakwe ngaphandle nasemagunjini anomswakama ophezulu, amamodeli ane-coefficient yokuvikela umswakama we-IP 65 noma 67. Izibani ezine-IP ephansi zifanele izakhiwo zasekhaya nezindawo zokuhlala, amahhovisi nezikhungo.

Inhloso

Inhloso yokulungisa umugqa inqunywa izinga lomswakama nokuvikela uthuli. Wonke amamodeli anikeziwe ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu – emgwaqeni nangaphakathi. Ezangaphambili zibonakala ngokukhuphuka kwe-IP. Wonke amamodeli anikeziwe aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile:

• izindawo zokuphatha (amahhovisi, izikhungo zamabhizinisi, izikhungo zemfundo);
• ukukhanya komgwaqo;
• izitolo nama-hypermarkets;
• izindawo zokuhlala.

Ubukhulu

Awekho amazinga aphathelene nobukhulu bamadivayisi e-LED, ngakho-ke khetha izinto kusengaphambili futhi uzilungiselele indawo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ufaka amamodeli akhelwe ngaphakathi.

Inani

Izici eziningi zithinta intengo yesibani – amandla, inani lama-diode, umkhiqizi (umkhiqizo), izinga lokuvikelwa komswakama, njll. Amamodeli asemgwaqweni ayabiza kakhulu, abiza isilinganiso sama-ruble angu-1,100-1,800. Izibani zasendlini kanye nehhovisi ishibhile, ungathola amamodeli ngentengo yama-ruble angama-200-300. ucezu.

Ukungasebenzi kahle

Izibani ze-LED zibhekwa njengamadivaysi athembekile aklanyelwe iminyaka eminingi yokusebenza, kodwa uma izimo zokusebenza zephulwa, ziyahluleka. Ukungasebenzi kahle okungenzeka:

• Ukuhluleka komshayeli. Akukho ngaphansi kokulungiswa. Kuyadingeka ukushintsha yonke idivayisi.
• Isimeli esikhawulelwe samanje esiphukile. Ibangela ukucwayiza kwesibani, okucasula amehlo.
• Ukuhluleka kwe-Capacitor. Isibani asikhanyi.

Uma i-capacitor noma i-resistor isha kugesi, zama ukulungisa idivayisi. Kodwa okokuqala, hlola isikhathi sewaranti yokusebenza – kungenzeka ukuthi idivayisi inganikezwa inkonzo. Izizathu zokuhlukaniswa:

• Amaphutha okukhiqiza. Ivamise ukutholakala ezimpahleni ezivela kubakhiqizi abangenalayisense. Imikhiqizo enophawu nayo iyaphuka, kodwa kancane kakhulu.
• Ukushaqeka nokudlidliza. Abawasabisi ngokwabo ama-semiconductors, kodwa bayamlimaza umshayeli. Ubuqotho besakhiwo kanye nokuqina kwama-LED ebhodini kungase kwephulwe.
• Ukushisa ngokweqile komshayeli. Kwenzeka lapho kungekho khona umoya wezinga eliphezulu noma ngenxa yongqimba lothuli oluphazamisa ukukhishwa kokushisa.

Abakhiqizi abadumile

Ukuze ungenzi iphutha ngokukhethwa kwezibani futhi ungachithi imali, kungcono ukuzithenga kumikhiqizo ehlolwe isikhathi. Kunezinkampani eziningana emakethe yaseRussia esezizuze idumela njengomkhiqizi onokwethenjelwa.

Lucide

Lo mkhiqizo waseBelgium uthathwa njengomholi wemakethe yaseYurophu iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. I-Lucide iphumelela ngokukhethekile emkhakheni wokukhanyisa izibani futhi igxile ekukhanyeni kwangaphakathi. Le nkampani ikhiqiza amalambu afanele izinto zangaphakathi zesimanje nezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Yonke imikhiqizo ye-Lucide inezitifiketi zekhwalithi nokuphepha kwemvelo. Ububanzi buhlanganisa izibani zamahhovisi, izindawo zezimboni nezindawo zokuhlala. Umkhiqizo uhlukaniswa ngokubukeka kwawo kwe-laconic nokuthembeka.

Inkanyezi yokukhanya

Le yinkampani yase-Italy ekhiqiza izibani kusukela ngo-1998. Ikhona emakethe yaseRussia kusukela ngo-2001. Ikhiqiza imishini yokukhanyisa ephezulu yokukhanyisa kwangaphakathi. Imikhiqizo yenziwa kusetshenziswa izinto ezivikela imvelo.
Izibani ze-Lightstar zikhona kumaphrojekthi amakhulu kakhulu futhi afisa kakhulu. Asetshenziswa ekuhleleni ukukhanyiswa kwamahhotela amasha, izikhungo zamabhizinisi nezinye izinsiza ezinkulu. Uhla lwenkampani luvuselelwa njalo kokubili ngokuya ngomklamo nobuchwepheshe.

Iglobo

Inkampani yase-Austrian Globo yasungulwa ngo-1998. Izibani zayo zinokwethenjelwa futhi ziyasebenza, njengabalingani baseJalimane, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zinhle futhi zinhle, njengezibani zase-Italy.
Izibani ze-Globo LED phesheya naseRussia ishibhile kunemikhiqizo yezimbangi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkampani iphakathi kwezinkampani ezinhlanu eziphezulu zaseYurophu emkhakheni wemishini yokukhanyisa. Ngokunikezwa kwamathuba anikezwa yizibani ze-LED eziqondile zokuhlela ukukhanyisa, singasho ukuthi ikusasa lalawa madivaysi amafushane. Baletha isitayela esisha sokukhanyisa esingenakufezeka nezinye izinhlobo zezibani.