Izici nokuxhumeka kwamalambu e-LED angu-12 volt

Ngokuthuthukiswa kobunjiniyela kagesi, isibani sendabuko se-incandescent akuseyona inketho yokukhanyisa ekhaya. Izibani ze-12V ze-LED zithole ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabathengi. Ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwawo kwamandla aphezulu nokuthembeka, athathe indawo yemishini yakudala.

Idivayisi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwezibani ze-LED

Amalambu e-light-emitting diode (LED) asebenza ku-voltage engu-12 V futhi anezingxenye eziningana ezixhunywe endlini eyodwa.

Cabangela izici eziyinhloko:

• I-Plinth. Ifakwe kusokhethi le-chandelier noma esinye isibani. Ngokuvamile, ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya, kukhiqizwa isisekelo sesikulufa sezinhlobo ze-E27 ne-E14. Zenziwe ikakhulukazi zethusi, ezine-nickel-plated anti-corrosion coating.
• Umshayeli. Isici esinzisa i-voltage engenayo. Iguqula i-AC ibe yi-DC ukuze inike amandla i-LED.
• I-radiator. Ingxenye edala izinga lokushisa elamukelekayo lokusebenza lama-LED. Okuvame kakhulu i-aluminium kanye nenhlanganisela, kukhona isabelomali futhi ukususa ukushisa ngokuphumelelayo.
• I-Diffuser. “Ihood” ekhanyayo esiza ukuhlukanisa ukukhanya emkhathini. Ikhiqizwe ngendlela ye-hemisphere ukuze isakaze ukukhanya nge-engeli ebanzi. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo yi-polycarbonate noma ipulasitiki. I-diffuser ivimbela uthuli nomswakama ukuthi ungangeni endlini.
• Ama-LED. Ingxenye eyinhloko yokusebenza yesibani. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwe-diode, ukukhanya kuvela.

Idivayisi yesibani se-LED:

Indlela yokusebenza isekelwe ezinqubweni zomzimba kuma-semiconductors. Ukukhanya kubonakala ngemva kokudlula kwamandla kagesi emngceleni wokuxhunywa kwama-semiconductors amabili, enye yazo okufanele ibuswe ama-electron ashajwe kabi, kanti enye ngama-ion ashajwe kahle.

Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhanya kubonakala emehlweni. Ngaphandle kokukhanya, kukhona nokukhululwa kokushisa, okukhishwa ku-LED kusetshenziswa i-radiator.

Imininingwane ye-12V LED bulbs

Kunezici eziningi zobuchwepheshe nezokusebenza zamalambu angu-12 V. Uhlu lwababalulekile:

• Izinga lokushisa elimibalabala. Ukusebenza kwayo kuphakathi kuka-2700-6500 K. Uma isibani sisebenza, ukukhanya okubandayo (okumhlophe) noma okufudumele (okuphuzi) kuyabusa.
• Ukuqina. Isilinganiso sempilo yezinto zokukhanyisa amahora angama-50,000.
• Amandla. Le nkomba iyadingeka ukubala ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kokukhanyisa ekamelweni noma isakhiwo sisonke. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezibani ze-LED, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-25 watts.
• Ukutholakala komshayeli. Njengomthetho, abakhiqizi benza izibani ze-LED ngenani elikhulu le-voltage – isibonelo, i-150-250 V. Ngakho-ke, amadivaysi anjalo awayingozi kumaconsi amakhulu kagesi.
• Isiqondiso sokugeleza kokukhanya. I-LED ngokwayo ingaqondisa imisebe endaweni eyodwa kuphela. Uma idivayisi yokukhanyisa kufanele ikhanyise yonke into ezungezile ngokulinganayo, ngenxa yalokhu kuyadingeka ukubeka i-diffuser eyenziwe nge-polycarbonate efriziwe phambi kwe-LED.
• Ikhono lokulungisa ukukhanya. Ukulawula izinga lokukhanya, i- dimmer isetshenziswa (idivayisi eyenza amandla ngendlela yama-pulses). Ngokusho kwe-pulse frequency, ukukhanya kushisa kancane noma kukhanye.

Izinhlobo zezibani ze-LED nezisekelo zazo

Ngokuklama, imithombo yokukhanya ye-LED ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo eziningana. Lawa alandelayo:

• amadivaysi enhloso ejwayelekile – asetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa izakhiwo zezimboni, nasendaweni yokuhlala;
• Izibani ze-LED ezinokukhanya okuqondisiwe – zifakwe ezintweni zikagesi, ezisetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa izingxenye zezakhiwo kanye nezwe;
• izibani zomugqa – zinesisekelo esifanayo ne-fluorescent, ekuvumela ukuthi ushintshe ngokushesha umthombo owodwa wokukhanya nomunye.

Uma uxhuma imithombo ye-LED kulayini kagesi nge-voltage engu-220 V, kufanele inikezwe amandla okunikezwa kwamandla, okukhethiwe kucatshangelwa inhloso yokulungisa.

Izinhlobo zezinto zikagesi:

• Ivalwe – isetshenziselwa ukufaka izibani endlini yokugezela, i-sauna, njengokukhanyisa emgwaqweni.
• Ukuvuza – kuklanyelwe ukufakwa endlini ngesibonisi esijwayelekile somswakama.
• Ngokupholisa okusebenzayo – kufakwe isiphephetha-moya ukukhulisa amandla nokunciphisa usayizi.
• Ukupholisa okwedlulele – i-heatsink isetshenziselwa ukususa ukushisa.

Izici eziyinhloko zamandla kagesi:

• Amandla.
• okukhiphayo okwamanje.
• I-voltage yokuphumayo.

Ukuze imithombo yokukhanya ye-LED ilingane nohlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla oseluvele lusetshenzisiwe lwezindlu, ifakwe izisekelo zezikulufu. Njengenye indlela yezibani ze-halogen, izibani ezinezisekelo zephini zikhiqizwa.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-plinth zivezwa etafuleni:

Izinga lokushisa elimibalabala

Ekukhanyeni kwemithombo yokukhanya ye-LED, i-wavelength eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okubomvu okuphuzi kuyagqama. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zihlukaniswe zibe zibandayo futhi zifudumele, ngokulandelana.

Izinga lokushisa lombala linebanga elibanzi:

• kufika ku-2800 K – ukukhanya okuphuzi okufudumele okunombala obomvu;
• 3000 K – ukukhanya okumhlophe okufudumele okuphuzi;
• 3500 K – ukukhanya okumhlophe okungathathi hlangothi kwemvelo;
• 4000 K – ezimhlophe ezibandayo;
• 5000-6000 K – emini;
• 6500 K nangaphezulu – kubanda emini nge-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Amandla kanye ne-voltage yokusebenza 

Ifunda izici ezisebenzayo ekufakweni komkhiqizo, iningi ligxile emananini okusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye ne-voltage yokusebenza.

Inkomba yamandla ibalulekile lapho kubalwa inani eliphelele lokusetshenziswa kukagesi. Izibani ze-LED zikhiqizwa ngamandla ahlukene, ngokuvumelana nenjongo yazo. Isibonelo, kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-20 watts yanele indlu, izibani ezidinga amandla amaningi, cishe ama-watts angu-25, ziyadingeka ukuze zikhanyise emgwaqweni.

Enye inkomba ebalulekile i-voltage yokusebenza. Umthombo wamanje ungaba njalo noma uguquguquke, kodwa i-voltage ye-LED idinga njalo – 12 V. Umshayeli unesibopho somsebenzi wabo, owuguqula kunethiwekhi kunkomba edingekayo.

Asetshenziswa kuphi amalambu e-12V LED?

Ngenxa ye-voltage ephansi yokuhlinzeka kanye nenani elikhulu lezinhlobo eziyisisekelo, ama-LED ama-volt angu-12 asebenza emhlabeni wonke. Angasetshenziselwa:

• ukukhanya okujwayelekile (ama-12 volt LED ama-chandelier), kuhlanganise nalawo akhelwe ophahleni olunwetshiwe (izibani ze-ceiling LED);
• ukukhanyisa okuhlobisa – kwangaphandle nangaphakathi (ama-spotlights).

Amalambu e-Automotive LED ayisigaba esihlukile, esingafakwa cishe kuzo zonke izibani zezimoto. Isibani se-LED esingu-12v senzelwe namakhoneni, ifenisha, amafasitela ezitolo, imithombo, izindlela zasengadini, imibhede yezimbali. Ihlanganiswe kalula nezakhiwo:

• amaphaneli;
• amabhodi ezikhangiso;
• amabhodi ophawu.

Amandla we-low-voltage ahlinzeka ngamadivaysi ngokukhuphuka kokuphepha kukagesi nomlilo, okubavumela ukuthi basetshenziswe emakamelweni alandelayo:

• amakhishi;
• izindlu zangasese;
• ama-saunas;
• amachibi, okuhlanganisa ukukhanyisa ngaphansi kwamanzi;
• izindawo zokugcina izimpahla;
• amagumbi angaphansi;
• ngaphandle ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuvikela kanye ne-wiring ene-insulation eyengeziwe.

Umdwebo wezintambo zamalambu angu-12 V

Ukuxhumeka kufana nezibani ze-incandescent kanye ne-fluorescent – kufanele ukhiphe amandla i-cartridge bese ufaka isibani kuso. Uma udinga ukuxhuma imithombo eminingana yokukhanya kwe-LED, khona-ke izinketho ezimbili zokuxhuma zingenzeka: i-serial ne-parallel.

uxhumano lwe-serial

Idinga inombolo encane yezintambo, kodwa ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa. Isizathu salokhu ukushiyeka okulandelayo:

• lapho isibani esisodwa sisha, isifunda sonke siyahluleka;
• izibani azisebenzi ngamandla aphelele, kusukela lapho ixhunywe ochungechungeni, i-voltage ifinyezwa.

Uhlelo lulula kakhulu:

1. Hola isigaba ukusuka ebhokisini lokuhlangana uye kushintsho.
2. Ukusuka ekushintsheni, nweba isigaba kusibani se-LED.
3. Xhuma intambo engathathi hlangothi kokuxhumana kwesibili kwesibani sokugcina kusekethe.
4. Donsa ucingo lwesigaba kusuka ezibanini ukuya komunye nomunye.

Ukuxhumana okuhambisanayo

Inzuzo eyinhloko ukuthi i-voltage efanayo isetshenziswa kuwo wonke ama-bulb kusekethe. Uma kwenzeka ukutubeka, umthombo wokukhanya ohlulekile kuphela owehla kumjikelezo, okulula ukuwushintsha.

Kubalulekile ukucabangela isikhathi sokuxhuma kwazo zonke izakhi. Ngokuvamile, i-terminal block isetshenziselwa lokhu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isigaba sinikezwa ama-jumpers aso, ohlangothini olungemuva, izintambo zixhunyiwe, zisuka kuma-light bulb.

Umdwebo wezintambo:

Izinzuzo nemibi

Ukuze ushintshele kumadivayisi okukhanyisa axhunywe kumthombo wamandla we-voltage ephansi, kufanele ufunde izinzuzo zabo kanye nokubi. Phakathi kwezinzuzo kukhona okulandelayo:

• Ukuphepha. Ukusetshenziswa kwezibani ze-LED kuma-fixtures angu-12V kukhulisa izinga lokuvikela futhi kuqeda amathuba okushaqeka kukagesi.
• Ukuphepha komlilo. Izintambo ezinama-voltage aphansi azikwazi ukuba umthombo wokuthungela futhi zidale umlilo.
• Iyalondoloza. Uma usebenzisa lo mthombo wokukhanya wekamelo, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi futhi, ngokufanele, izindleko zemali yokukhokha izikweletu ziyancipha.
• Ubungane bemvelo. Imiklamo ayisebenzisi izinto ezithi, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kocingo, zikhiphe izinto eziyingozi empilweni yomuntu noma yezilwane.
• Ukwethembeka. Izibani zimelana kakhulu nokulimala kwemishini: imihuzuko, ama-chips, njll.

Ububi bezibani ze-LED ezenzelwe i-12V zifaka:

• Isidingo seyunithi yokuphakela amandla (PSU). Ukuba khona komshayeli ozinza futhi wehlise i-voltage ye-mains kusuka ku-220 kuya ku-12 V kuyinkimbinkimbi ye-wiring, kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhanyisa, futhi ngenxa yalokho isixhumanisi esibuthakathaka esingeziwe sivela kumjikelezo, esingahluleka.
• Ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Amandla e-flux ekhanyayo yesibani esixhunywe kunethiwekhi ye-low-voltage athintwa ukwehla kwamandla kagesi. Lokhu kungenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamandla amanje.

Umthombo wokukhanya we-LED okhethwe kahle uzosebenza isikhathi eside. Manje okubi okuyinhloko kwezibani yizindleko zabo eziphezulu, kodwa ngokuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, zizotholakala esidlangalaleni kubo bonke abathengi.

Amalambu e-LED angu-12 volt angabizwa ngokuthi inketho eyamukelekayo kumthengi. Banazo zonke izimfanelo ezidingekayo ukuze usebenze ngempumelelo nangempumelelo isikhathi eside. Abakhiqizi banikeza ububanzi obubanzi, okuvumela wonke umuntu ukuba azikhethele inketho engcono kakhulu.