Ukuxhuma imichilo ye-LED: imithetho, imidwebo, amaphutha avamile

Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED kuthandwa kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yokulula kokufaka imichilo ye-LED, ngisho nabantu abangawazi kahle umsebenzi onjalo bangayifaka. Udinga kuphela ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwesikole lwefiziksi nokulandela imiyalelo yesinyathelo nesinyathelo.

Imithetho ejwayelekile yokuxhuma umugqa we-LED

Lapho ufaka imichilo ye-LED, kufanele uhambisane nemithetho elandelayo:

• Umkhiqizo akufanele ube ngaphansi kwanoma yikuphi ukucindezeleka komshini (akumele ugobe, ushwabene), ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nezinkinga ezihambisana noxhumana nabo, futhi okungenani izingxenye zomuntu ngamunye zizokhanya ku-tape.
• Enkambweni yokuxhuma izingcezu ze-tape, kuyadingeka ukugwema ukulimala kwamathrekhi okuqhuba ebhodini. Uma kungenjalo, umonakalo ofanayo uzokwenzeka.
• Uma umthwalo wamanje wesiqephu se-tape udlula i-4A, abakhiqizi abancomi ukusebenzisa izixhumi ukuxhuma nokuxhuma imichilo ye-LED. Kuyoba okuphephile ukusebenzisa i-soldering.
• Ukunikezwa kwamandla kumele kukhethwe ngokuya ngomthwalo ogcwele wedivayisi ye-LED, futhi amandla e-PSU kufanele abe phezulu ngo-30%. Uma amandla eyunithi ephansi, khona-ke ngonyaka wokusebenza kuzoba nephutha, njenge-tape, futhi ukonga imali ngeke kuthethelelwe.
• Isilawuli se-RGB noma i-dimmer ukuze ushintshe umbala noma ukukhanya futhi uthole imiphumela eguqukayo akumele ibe namandla angaphansi kwetheyiphu exhunyiwe. Kulokhu, asikho isidingo sokugcina amandla. Uma isilawuli se-RGB noma i-dimmer inamandla anganele, khona-ke i-amplifier yesiginali eyengeziwe izodingeka ukwenza amandla angekho kanye nenani elidingekayo lamashaneli (kutheyiphu yombala owodwa – isiteshi esisodwa, i-RGB tape – ezintathu, ze itheyiphu ye-RGBW – ezine).

[i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_76″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”600″]
Ukuxhuma imicu emibili ye-RGB LED kusetshenziswa iamplifier[/caption]

• Uma insimbi noma enye indawo ehambayo isetshenziselwa ukulungisa umugqa we-LED, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukufaka izinto zokuvikela ugesi phakathi komugqa nokusekelwa ukuze kungabikho ukugeleza kwamanje.
• Ukuvikelwa kothuli nomswakama kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nemibandela yokusetshenziswa kwedivayisi ye-tape.
• Kukhona ithuba lokulimala kwe-tape ngogesi omile.
• Uma unika amandla idrayivu ye-tape, kuphephe kakhudlwana futhi kuthembeke kakhulu ukuthintana nochwepheshe. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, khona-ke ungenza uxhumano ngokwakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungaphambanisi okokufaka (220V) nokuphumayo (12/24V) izindawo. Ukuze ungatholi ukushaqeka kukagesi, awudingi ukusebenza ngaphansi kwe-voltage.

Ukulandelana kokuxhumeka okulula komugqa we-LED

Indlela elula futhi eshesha kunazo zonke yokuxhuma izintambo kumaphedi okuxhumana we-strip ye-LED ukuxhumana komshini usebenzisa isixhumi esikhethekile se-LED. Ukuze uxhume, kuyadingeka ukufanisa amaphedi okuxhumana we-tape noxhumana nabo besixhumi bese uhlwitha ikhava. Le ndlela iyabiza ngoba isixhumi esisodwa sibiza cishe u-0.5 m we-tape futhi asithembekile njenge-soldering. Akuwona wonke umuntu ozovuma izindleko zezimali ezinjalo, njengoba idivayisi yokukhanyisa iqukethe izingxenye eziningi ze-tape, hhayi eyodwa.

Tape Ubude Ukubala

Okokuqala, ukubalwa kobude obuyinhloko besigaba lapho idivayisi ye-tape izolungiswa khona. Qinisekisa ukuthi ucabangela ukuthi ukusika kwe-tape kungenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuhambisana nenani lama-LED.

Ukusika i-tape

Umkhiqizo wenziwe izingxenye ezixhunywe ngokuhambisana. Njengengxenye yengxenye eyodwa ye-tape ene-voltage yokunikezela ye-12V, kunamacala amathathu ane-diode kanye nokumelana okuthathu. Indlu ngayinye iqukethe amakristalu amathathu e-semiconductor anokukhanya okubomvu, okuluhlaza okotshani nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kumakristalu anombala owodwa, ukushintsha okulandelanayo kuyenziwa. Ukunciphisa amandla amanje adlula amaketanga ama-diode, ukumelana kuchungechunge: R1, R2, R3. Kunezikhathi lapho udinga ukuxhuma ucezu oluncane lwe-tape kuphela, hhayi wonke amamitha angu-5 womkhiqizo, ose-reel ejwayelekile. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele isikwe ezindaweni ezimakwe ngaphambilini.

I-strip ye-LED ingasikwa ngesikelo sobufundisi esijwayelekile. Njengomthetho, izingxenye ezimakiwe zilingana nama-LED amathathu. Lokhu kungenxa yokufana kwabo kwe-serial kwamakhophi ama-3.

Uma i-tape isikwa emigqeni yomkhiqizi, khona-ke lokhu ngeke kuholele emiphumeleni emibi. Kodwa ama-LED amabili kuphela anesekhethi evulekile ngeke akhanye.

Ixhuma kunethiwekhi ye-220 V, ixhuma ukunikezwa kwamandla, i-dimmer

Ngemuva kokukhetha umthombo wamandla, udinga ukuxhuma umugqa we-LED kuwo.

Uhlelo oluvela kugesi owodwa kanye netheyiphu eyodwa

Izintambo zokuxhuma zixhunywe ekugcineni kwangaphandle kwetheyiphu. Uma zingekho, kuzomele uzidayise. Intambo ebomvu (-+) nomnyama (–) ikalwa isikhathi eside kangangokuthi yanele ekunikezeni amandla. Zihlanzwa nhlangothi zombili. Usebenzisa i-ayina yokudambisa enamandla aphansi, thengisa izintambo kumathrekhi wetheyiphu. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ungalimazi ama-LED, ungawashisi ngokweqile. Ezindaweni lapho i-soldering yenziwe khona, ukufakwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kufanele kwenziwe kusetshenziswa amashubhu okunciphisa ukushisa. Khona-ke i-tape ixhunywe ekunikezeni amandla. Buka ividiyo yokufakwa okulula komugqa we-LED: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmdDpr5sJH8

Uhlelo lokunikezwa kwamandla okukodwa kanye namatheyipu amabili (kucatshangelwa amandla afanele okunikezwa kwamandla kulowo mthwalo)

Uma udinga ukufaka, isibonelo, umugqa we-LED wamamitha ayisishiyagalombili, kuzodingeka uxhume izingxenye ezimbili zamamitha ama-3 noma ama-5 lilinye. Kulesi simo, indawo yomugqa wokusika iyanqunywa. Khona-ke, ngosizo lwezintambo, isifunda esiphukile sithengiswa. Ngemuva kwe-soldering, izingcezu ezimbili zingaxhunywa kuphela ngokuhambisana, hhayi ochungechungeni. Ezimweni ezithile, ugesi owodwa uxhunywe emigqeni eminingi ye-LED etholakala ebangeni elihlukene (isibonelo, ukukhanya kwamafasitela esitolo ezitolo noma ukukhanyisa ezinye izinto emabangeni ahlukene). Kulokhu, asikho isidingo sokubeka izintambo zesigaba ngasinye. Ungashintsha yonke into ngomgwaqo onguthelawayeka owodwa, lapho inombolo edingekayo yemichilo ye-LED isivele ixhunyiwe. I-dimmer yomugqa we-LED inikwa amandla yi-12/24V. Ixhunywe kumjikelezo ngokunikezwa kwamandla, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, umugqa we-LED uxhunywe kuwo. Okukhishwayo kokunikezwa kwamandla kuxhunywe kokokufaka kwe-dimmer, futhi okukhiphayo kuxhunywe kumugqa we-LED. Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka i-polarity.

Uma i-dimmer ingenawo amandla anele okuxhuma i-tape, khona-ke udinga ukusebenzisa i-amplifier (umdwebo wokuxhuma uboniswa ekuqaleni kwesihloko).

Ukuxhuma izingcezu tape

I-soldering isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izingxenye zezingxenye ze-tape. Kudingekile ukuhlanza ubuso bamapayipi okuxhumana atholakala esifundeni semigqa yokusika. Ipulatifomu ngayinye engxenyeni yokugcina yetheyiphu ixhunywe endaweni yesikhulumi ukusuka komunye umkhawulo. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa ucingo, ububanzi balo obungekho ngaphezu kuka-0.5 mm. Ukuze uthole ukufinyelela kuma-pads othintana naye, kuyadingeka ukususa ungqimba lwe-silicone yokugqoka i-tape (imikhiqizo evaliwe kuphela enayo). Khona-ke izintambo zithengiswa kulezi zindawo. Kunezinketho zokuxhuma imichilo ye-LED usebenzisa izixhumi. Ukwenza lokhu, othintana nabo baxhunywe komunye nomunye, futhi isembozo sihlwithwa phezulu. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_65″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”600″]
Isixhumi soxhumano oluguquguqukayo lwamaribhoni amabili[/caption]

Imidwebo yezintambo eziyinkimbinkimbi

Ukuxhuma amateyipu amaningi

Uma amateyipu amaningana axhunyiwe, futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla akunikezeli amandla anele, khona-ke ngayinye yazo ingasetshenziswa ngeyunithi yayo uma inemingcele edingekayo.

Ixhuma itheyiphu ye-RGB

Uma 
uxhuma i-RGB LED strip , kusetshenziswa idivayisi eyengeziwe – isilawuli. Ngosizo lwayo, imibala ilawulwa, ukuqina kokukhanya kwama-diode kuncike kuyo. Umehluko ovela kumateyipu anombala owodwa ukuthi izintambo ezine zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma: eyodwa yazo ivamile, futhi imibala ilawulwa kusetshenziswa ezinye izintambo ezintathu. Lapho uxhuma, i-soldering noma izixhumi ezikhethekile zisetshenziswa.

Ixhuma kugesi wekhompyutha

I-PC power supply inesitimela samandla esingu-12V esilungele amamojula e-LED. Lapho kukhona ibhulokhi ye-ATX, idivayisi ayikwazi ukuqaliswa ngokushesha ngokuyixhuma endaweni yamandla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele uqale uvale izintambo eziluhlaza nezimnyama kusixhumi esikhulu.
Khona-ke isixhumi se-molex siyanqunywa noma uhlobo lwe-molex “umama” lusetshenziswa, futhi i-tape idayiswa ezintanjeni zayo. Umphumela uba umklamo ogoqekayo. Ukuxhuma idivayisi yokukhanyisa enamandla kakhulu, kunconywa ukuhlanganisa izintambo eziningana eziphuzi ukuze unciphise ukwehla kwamandla kagesi.

Ukunikezwa kwamandla kwekhompyutha akunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe ngaphandle kokulayisha.

Amaphutha okuxhumana okungenzeka kanye nokuqedwa kwawo

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuhluleka kwe-LED zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi kanye nempahla yamandla, kanye nokufakwa okungalungile nokuxhumeka kwe-tape. Ngenxa yamaphutha, impilo yemishini yokukhanyisa iyancipha kakhulu.

Amaphutha lapho kuxhunywa itheyiphu ende

Lapho wenza uxhumano lokuhlobisa, umugqa wokukhanyisa ungaba amamitha angu-10 noma ngisho nama-25 ubude. Uma uthi nhlá, kubonakala sengathi ungayixhuma ngokulandelana kwayo futhi usuqedile. Nokho, lezi izenzo ezingalungile. Isiqephu esisodwa se-tape singaba ubude obungamamitha angu-5, ngoba kubalwe ngaphambilini ukuthi inani elithile lamanje lingageleza emikhondweni yalo. Lapho uxhuma enye ingxenye yamamitha amahlanu yomugqa we-LED, kukhona ukwanda okuphawulekayo komthwalo obaliwe kumathrekhi okuqhuba esiqeshini sokuqala. Ukuxhumana okunjalo kuholela ekukhanyeni okungalingani kwama-LED futhi kuzodala ukuvutha okusheshayo. Ukukhanyisa izigaba ubude bazo obudlula amamitha angu-5, izingcezu ze-tape zixhunywe ngokufanayo, ngenxa yalokhu kuzodingeka usebenzise ucingo olude oluxhumayo (5 m noma ngaphezulu).

Into eyinhloko okufanele icatshangelwe ukumelana okuphezulu kocingo olude. Kulokhu, ukuze i-voltage ingawi ngokuphawulekayo kuyo, lolu cingo olwengeziwe kufanele luhlukaniswe kabili.

Imichilo ye-LED ixhunywe nesiphakeli samandla esisodwa noma ezimbili kusetshenziswa uxhumano oluhlangothini olulodwa noma olunezinhlangothi ezimbili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokufaka okunezinhlangothi ezimbili, amandla omkhiqizo kufanele adlule u-9.6 W / m. Ukukhanyisa okunjalo kuzobiza kakhulu, ngoba ikhebula eyengeziwe izodingeka, kodwa lokhu kunxeshezelwa yikhwalithi nokuphila kwesevisi ende.

Ukukhweza itheyiphu ngaphandle kwephrofayili

Umugqa we-LED kufanele ugxiliswe kuphrofayela ye-aluminium esebenza njengerediyetha yokupholisa. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, akukhona nje ukukhanya okuvela kuma-diode, kodwa futhi nokushisa, futhi uma ukushisa kwenzeka, ukuphuma kwabo kokukhanya kuzokwehla, ngoba ama-LED azokwehlisa futhi awele. Ngenxa yalokho, kuvela ukuthi esikhundleni seminyaka engu-5 yenkonzo ye-tape, izohluleka kungakapheli unyaka. Kodwa-ke, uma iphrofayili ye-aluminium ikhona, ama-LED azosebenza ezimweni zokushisa ezijwayelekile. Indlela yokukhetha nokufaka iphrofayili ichazwe
lapha .

Ukushisa ngokweqile kungenzeka kakhulu emicu ye-LED enefilimu yokuvikela ye-silicone kuma-diode. Ukudluliswa kokushisa kumateyipu anjalo kwenzeka kuphela nge-substrate, futhi uma ixhunywe endaweni yokhuni noma yepulasitiki, ukushisa okusheshayo kuqinisekiswa kumateyipu anjalo.

Ukukhetha okungalungile kokunikezwa kwamandla

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amandla okunikezwa kwamandla kumele abe phezulu ngo-30% kunawo wonke amandla omugqa we-LED oxhunywe nawo. Ngenxa yalokhu kugcinwa kwamandla, idivayisi izokwazi ukusebenza ngokwethembeka futhi isikhathi eside. Lapho ufaka ukunikezwa kwamandla ngamapharamitha wamandla cishe alinganayo, izosebenza emkhawulweni wayo, okuzoholela ekunciphiseni insiza yayo. Akunzima ukubala amandla adingekayo okunikezwa kwamandla. Isibonelo, uma uthenga i-tape yamamitha angu-15, uma amandla ayo angu-4.8 W ngemitha eyi-1, ubukhulu bamandla aphelele buzoba ngu-4.8×15 + 72 V. Lokhu kuzodinga ukunikezwa kwamandla okugciniwe kwamandla ka-30%, njengoba umphumela, 93.6 Watt. Indlela yokubala amandla adingekayo okunikezwa kwamandla kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe kuvidiyo engezansi: https://youtu.be/WA07cYPxYD0?t=93 Ngemva kokufunda ngokuzimela izici zokuxhuma imicu ye-LED, unganikeza noma yimuphi umsebenzi noma indawo yasekhaya ngokukhanyisa okuphumelelayo nokonga. Into eyinhloko ukulandela imithetho elula yokusebenza ngogesi kanye nezibalo ezenziwe.