Kungani isibani se-LED sikhanya futhi ungayixazulula kanjani inkinga?

Ukucwayiza nokukhanyisa kwezibani ze-LED akugcini nje ngokungathandeki emehlweni, kodwa futhi kuyingozi. Izizathu zento engathandeki zilele zombili izinga eliphansi lamalambu e-LED kanye nomthelela wezinto zangaphandle. Kunoma yikuphi, kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela ye-flicker futhi uyiqede.

Izimbangela zokucwayiza lapho iswishi ivuliwe

Uma isibani se-LED sikhanya ngokushesha ngemva kokukhanyisa, khona-ke kunenkinga kumdwebo wezintambo. Phakathi kwezimbangela ezivamile zokucwayiza kwe-LED ukufakwa kwekhwalithi embi. Uma othintana nabo kanye nezakhi zesekethe zingalungiswanga ngokuphephile, kungase kwenzeke izinkinga ezihlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okuhlanganisa ukucwayiza.

Uma uxhuma ikhebula, cabangela i-polarity – ngokusho kombala wokumaka izintambo. Uma ufaka izibani ezakhiweni ezindala, sebenzisa i-multimeter ukuze unqume isigaba kanye nama-conductor angathathi hlangothi. Uma i-wiring ingalungile, kunesilinganiso esincane se-voltage kumjikelezo okwenza isibani sikhanyise.

Ngemuva kokukhanyisa, izibani ze-LED azikwazi ukucwayiza kuphela, kodwa futhi zivutha ngokukhanyayo ngokwanele. Uma isibani se-LED sikhanya kalufifi, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuhlola izinga le-voltage kunethiwekhi ngokuxhuma esinye isibani kuso.

I-voltage ephansi

Ukuze ulinganise i-voltage kumapayipi amakhulu, sebenzisa izinsimbi zokulinganisa ezikhethekile – ama-multimeters noma ama-voltmeters. Uma inani eliphakathi kuka-215-225 V livela kunkomba / esikalini, khona-ke yonke into ihlelekile. Ukuchezuka kwe-5 V akubalulekile.

Ngaphansi kuka-200 V noma ngaphezulu kuka-230 V kukhombisa izinkinga nge-voltage yamapayipi futhi kudinga isisombululo esisheshayo. Xhumana nochwepheshe – ehhovisi lezindlu noma inhlangano eyenza ukugcinwa kwamanethiwekhi kagesi. Ochwepheshe bazokala futhi balungise ukusebenza kwe-transformer esiteshini esincane.

Uma ithimba lokulungisa lingakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-voltage ihlangabezana nezidingo ze-PUE, kuyadingeka ukufaka umkhawulo wamanje noma i-voltage stabilizer kumjikelezo.

Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga okunganele

Ezibani ezishibhile zaseShayina, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezifuywayo, umshayeli ogcwele ngokugcwele wakhiwe ngesisekelo sesifunda esilula. Ukuthi ukuhlunga okunganele kwenza kanjani ukucwayiza kwesibani se-LED:

1. Umshayeli unebhuloho le-diode D1-D4. Isihlungi se-capacitive esibushelelezi i-C2 – i-Rf ixhunywe ochungechungeni nayo. I-voltage yokufaka iyancipha ibe yinani elifunekayo kumjikelezo we-resistor-capacitor (i-quenching resistor Rg kanye ne-smoothing capacitor C1).
2. Isihlungi siqeda ngokufanelekile i-ripple eyinsalela yamanje elungiswe ibhuloho le-diode, uma inethiwekhi ine-voltage evamile. Kodwa ibhuloho alikwazi ukusheshisa umsindo oshukumisayo, obangela ukubaneka.
3. Ekuchezukeni kancane kwe-voltage yokufaka esuka kumanani ashiwo – ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwesici se-voltage yamanje – kukhona izinguquko eziphawulekayo kumanje. Lokhu kuthinta ngokushesha ukukhanya kokukhanya.

Ungalungisa isimo ngokwandisa isici sokushelela kwesihlungi. Njengoba i-voltage eqhubekayo isetshenziswa kuma-LED, i-capacitor Cd ingaxhunywa kumjikelezo ngokuhambisana ne-smoothing capacitor C1.

Ngisho nakumalambu aphakathi nendawo, isibani sikagesi se-LED singumshayeli ogcwele ngokugcwele one-stabilizer yamanje ehlanganisiwe (ivame ukusetshenziswa kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokuguquguquka kwe-pulse-width modulation).

Ukutholakala kwama-dimmers

Ekuqaleni , i- dimmer (idivaysi kagesi ekuvumela ukuthi ulungise amandla / ukukhanya kwama-LED) yathuthukiswa ukuze isebenze nezibani ze-incandescent. Ayisebenzi kahle ngamamodeli amaningi amalambu e-LED.

Isizathu sokungqubuzana kwezobuchwepheshe amandla amancane okulayisha. I-dimmer ilinganiselwe cishe kuma-watts angu-50, okungaphezulu kakhulu kunezinto eziningi ze-LED.

Ngokuvamile, lapho izibani zikhanyiswa nge-dimmer, i-flicker ibonakala, engase iphele lapho amandla enyuka. Ukuvala i-dimmer kusiza ukuqeda ukucwayiza. Kwesinye isikhathi kwanele ukuthi ungayibeki i-toggle switch ezindaweni ezibucayi, noma ungashintsha idivayisi ukusuka onqenqemeni oluphambili uye ngemuva.

Ikhwalithi yesibani engalungile

Ukucwayiza kwezibani ze-LED kungabonakala noma kungabonakali ngeso lomuntu. Imbangela yenkinga wukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi we-LED okungekuhle, okungakwazi ukushelela kahle i-voltage yamapayipi amakhulu alungisiwe.

Ukushayeka okuqine ngokwedlulele kuyingozi embonweni uma umphumela onjalo ubonwa nsuku zonke. Abakhiqizi bezibani ze-LED bayadingeka ukuthi bakhombise i-ripple factor emikhiqizweni yabo. E-Russia, le parameter ilawulwa yi-SanPiN. Emalambu aseShayina, aphakeme kunamanani ashiwo.

Kungenzeka ukushintsha imingcele yezobuchwepheshe yezibani zaseShayina, kodwa kunzima. Ngokuvamile kufanele uvule isisekelo sabo futhi ushintshe i-capacitor ebushelelezi ibe yi-capacious eyengeziwe. Into eyinhloko ukuthi ingena egumbini elingaphansi.

Kungani isibani se-LED sikhanya lapho ukukhanya kuvaliwe?

Izibani ze-LED zine-inertia ephansi kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngisho nama-pulsed currents amancane adlula kuma-LED abangela ukuba isibani sikhanyise isikhashana, esibukeka sifana ne-flash.

Izizathu zokucwayiza ku-off state zihlukile, kodwa zonke zinephuzu elifanayo – i-current in the LEDs inikezwa ngamasekethe angahloselwe lokhu.

Izinkinga zezintambo

Uma isibani sikhanyisa ngemva kokuba ukukhanya kucishiwe, thola ukuthi isigaba sixhunywe kuphi kusuka kubhlokhi yokusabalalisa: koxhumana nabo abadluliswayo noma kuma-LED ngokwawo. Inketho yokuqala ilungile. Uma isigaba sixhunywe kwisibani esizoba namandla njalo, lokhu kuzodala ukucwayiza.

I-screwdriver yenkomba isiza ukucacisa isigaba noziro: ukukhanya kuvula lapho kuthinta isigaba. Uma izintambo zixhunywe ngendlela efanele, futhi isibani sisakhanya, thola ukuthi kukhona yini i-voltage eyenziwe kunethiwekhi.

Ukubonakala kukagesi ocingweni olunqanyuliwe ekunikezeni amandla kwenzeka uma enye ikhebula exhunywe kumapayipi amakhulu ibekwe eduze kwayo. Izintambo zingafakwa odongeni. Uma isibani silawulwa yi-switch evamile, ngaphandle kokukhanyisa, kungase kudingeke ushintshe i-wiring.

Ukuhlukaniswa okungalungile kwamakhebuli kagesi

Kwenzeka ukuthi lapho ubeka izintambo zikagesi zasekhaya, izintambo zibekwe ku-strobe eyodwa ngenxa yezomnotho, kanti ngokwemithetho kufanele zibekwe eziteshini ezahlukene. Ukuthi ikhebula elingalungile likuthinta kanjani ukulokoza kwesibani:

• Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kazibuthe phakathi kwamasekhethi kagesi, lapho abathengi abanamandla bexhumekile, umsinga ungeniswa kukhebula exhunywe kumthombo kagesi.
• Kwenzeka ukuthi i-current induced yanele ukushaja ama-capacitors omshayeli futhi uvule isibani se-LED isikhathi esifushane. I-Parasitic current iyanda uma umthwalo uhlanekezela i-voltage ye-sinusoidal AC. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani izibani ze-LED kwesinye isikhathi zikhanyiswa lapho amalambu ecishiwe.

Isimo esichaziwe sijwayelekile kumishini yasendlini yesabelomali efakwe izinto zikagesi ezishintshayo ezinezinga elinganele lokuqaqa amasekhethi azo angaphakathi.

Amaphutha okuxhumana

Lesi sithombe esingezansi sibonisa isimo esijwayelekile sokukhanyisa okungafanele kwamasekhethi okukhanyisa, okuholela ekukhanyeni kwezibani:

Isizathu sokuqala sokubukeka kwayo ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo ezishibhile ezinombala ofanayo we-insulation, phakathi kwawo okunzima ukunquma isigaba no-zero.

Esinye isizathu senkinga ukungahambisani nokuhlinzekwa kokuxhuma ucingo lwesigaba ekushintsheni, olwethulwa ngakwesokudla kwesibalo. Ngokuvamile ngisho nabasebenza ngogesi abahambisani nalo mthetho, ngoba uma usebenzisa izibani ze-incandescent, ukwephulwa kwawo akubangeli imiphumela emibi.

Uma ama- LED ama-bulb asetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa , iphutha liholela eqinisweni lokuthi bahlala benesigaba. Ama-microcurrents avuzayo, akhona ngisho nasezintanjeni ezinhle, ama-capacitors omshayeli akhokhiswa kancane kancane, futhi isibani sivula isikhathi esifushane.

Ukuba khona kokukhanya ekushintsheni

Namuhla, ukushintshwa okukhanyisiwe kuthandwa kakhulu. Zitholakala kalula ebumnyameni ngenxa yokukhanya kwe-LED eyakhelwe kukhiye.

Ngokuvala iswishi, isifunda esivalwe unomphela siyadalwa. Ngisho nemisinga engabalulekile edlula kumjikelezo ingashaja i-dimmer capacitor, okuthi, lapho ikhishwa esibani, ibangele ukuthi ivule isikhathi esifushane.

Indlela elula yokususa i-flicker ukuyivala. Ukuxazulula inkinga, awudingi ukuthenga izingxenye ezengeziwe, vele uphazamise (unqamule) ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-backlight nesibani. Ukucwayiza kuzonyamalala, kodwa ukukhanya kwangemuva nakho kuzovalwa.

Izibani zekhwalithi ezimbi

Izibani ze-LED ezisezingeni eliphezulu zibiza kakhulu. Abasebenzisi abaningi bakhetha ukuthenga ama-analogues ashibhile. Ububi bawo yikhwalithi ephansi. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, lezi zibani zingakhanya.

Isizathu sokucwayiza kwezibani ezisezingeni eliphansi ama-capacitor amancane. Zisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yesabelomali. I-capacitor ikhokhiswa ngama-diode, ngenxa yalokho kuvela i-flicker.

Ukufaka i-elementi yekhwalithi ephezulu ngomshayeli ovimbela ukukhanya kusiza ukulungisa isimo. Lesi sakamuva asikuvumeli ukukhanya kwe-backlight kumalambu e-LED.

Kungani ukucwayiza kwe-LED kuyingozi?

Ukucwayiza kakhulu kwezibani ze-LED kuthinta kabi impilo yomuntu futhi kubangela imiphumela eminingi engemihle. Ukucwayiza kuwuthinta kanjani umzimba:

• kubangela ukukhathazeka;
• kuthinta kabi isimo sengqondo;
• kubangela ukungakhululeki nokoma emehlweni;
• kubangela ukuwohloka nokuwohloka kokusebenza;
• kunciphisa ukugxila;
• kwandisa ukukhathala;
• kubangela ukuqwasha.

Indlela yokuthola imbangela yenkinga?

Qala ukucinga imbangela ye-flicker ngokubheka isigaba – ukuthi ngabe lolu cingo luxhunywe ngendlela efanele. Kufanele ixhunywe komunye woxhumana nabo beswishi.

Uma uthola ukuthi ugesi unikezwa ukukhanya okungemuva, lesi yisizathu sokucwayiza. Ungahlola isifunda nge-screwdriver yenkomba – lokhu kukhohlisa kungenziwa yinoma ngubani.

Uma inkinga iqhubeka:

• shintsha ukushintshela ku-analog ngaphandle kwe-backlight;
• faka ukumelana kwamandla amancane;
• sebenzisa isibani se-incandescent.

Uma ukucwayiza kuvela futhi, hlola izintambo zokufaka okonakele, othintana nabo abane-oxidized, izintambo ezisondelene, njll.

Uma ukucwayiza kuvela endaweni ekhona yeswishi, hlola ukuzinza kwe-voltage. Uma imingcele ilungile, shintsha isibani se-LED nge-analogue yekhwalithi ephezulu.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma isibani se-LED sikhanya?

Inkinga elokozayo ingaxazululwa ngezindlela eziningi. Wonke umsebenzi ochazwe ngezansi, oholela ekuxazululeni izinkinga, kufanele wenziwe uchwepheshe kagesi. Imizamo yokuzimela yokwenza izinguquko kumasekhethi kagesi ingaholela kumjikelezo omfushane.

Khubaza i-diode

Amalambu ashibhile awanawo ama-anti-flicker uma ecishiwe. Ngaphambi kokuvala i-diode ekushintsheni, lungiselela isethi yamathuluzi:

• Phillips screwdriver;
• udladla;
• abasiki bezintambo;
• imitha ye-voltage.

Uhlelo lokusebenza:

1. Ngaphambi kokunqamula i-diode, khipha amandla umshini ukuze uzivikele ekushayweni kukagesi.
2. Linganisa i-voltage kubo bonke abathintwayo nge-multimeter.
3. Susa iswishi ekhanyisiwe. Susa amaphedi ngokuwadonsa phansi kancane.
4. Khumula izikulufu uvikele iswishi nezimpondo. Sika ucingo oludingekayo ngezinto zokusika izintambo.

Intambo ephakathi nendawo

Inkinga ecwayizayo ixazululwa kalula uma izintambo ezingathathi hlangothi nezesigaba zixhunywe ekushintsheni ngesikhathi esifanayo. Xhuma isibani kubo. Uhlelo olunjalo lokuxhuma oluqinile lubangela ukuthi inkomba ihlale ivuliwe, kodwa isibani se-LED siyeka ukucwayiza.

Ukwandisa umthamo we-capacitor yokulinganisa

Ukunikezwa kwamandla kwesibani se-LED, efakwe ngemva kwe-transformer yokufaka noma isihlukanisi se-voltage, isetshenziselwa ukulungisa isignali eshintshanayo nge-capacitor C, eyenza bushelelezi ama-ripples.

Ukuze unciphise umphumela we-ripple kwikhwalithi yesiginali elungisiwe, khulisa inani le-capacitor yokulinganisa. Kulokhu, ngokuhambisana nokugcina, xhuma i-capacitor yesibili – C1.

Kukhona esinye isisombululo senkinga – ukushintsha i-capacitor kwenye enomthamo ophezulu. Lesi sakamuva sinqunyelwe kuphela ubukhulu besisekelo – into eyinhloko ukuthi i-capacitor entsha ingena kuyo.

Isici samanje esikhawulelayo sokucisha

Ukufakwa kwe-resistor eyengeziwe engu-R1 ochungechungeni lwesekethe ye-LED kuholela ekwehleni kokusetshenziswa kwamandla nokulayisha okwamanje. Lokhu kunciphisa ukushuba kokukhanya kwazo futhi kubushelelezi ama-ripples.

Unganciphisa kanjani ukushaywa kwe-LED:

1. Yehlisa ukudlula kwamanje kusekethe ye-HL1-HLn ngo-25-30%. Linganisa ukwehla kwe-voltage kumjikelezo osebenzayo bese wenza isibalo esincane.
2. Ukudlula kwamanje kuma-LED kunqunywa ngokomthetho we-Ohm. Ukwazi i-voltage nokumelana R \u003d 1 kOhm, yamanje I \u003d U / R inqunywa kalula.
3. Ngemva kokuthola inani lamanje, linciphise cishe ngo-25% futhi ubale isamba sokumelana usebenzisa ifomula efanayo ethi R=U/I. Susa ukuphikiswa kokuqala enanini elitholiwe bese uthola inani olifunayo u-R1.
4. Khetha ukumelana ngokwamandla avumelekile. Lokhu kuvimbela ukushisa kwesakhiwo, okungaholela ekushiseni okuphelele.

Indlela engenhla ayikwazi ukuqeda ngokuphelele ukukhanya, kodwa kuyakunciphisa kakhulu.

Ixhuma izihlungi zasekhaya

Ukuxhuma ama-capacitor nokuklinywa kungashelela kahle umsindo wefrikhwensi ephezulu ovela kumapayipi amakhulu uye kugesi wesibani se-LED. Kubashayeli abalula, lesi sixazululo sanele ukuqeda ukucwayiza.

Izici zesihlungi:

1. Isihlungi esinjalo sihlanganiswa njengemodyuli ehlukile, bese sivulwa ngakwesokudla phambi kwesibani.
2. Isihlungi asikwazi ukwakhiwa ngaphansi kwesibani se-LED. Kwenziwa endaweni ye-dielectric. Ingafakwa noma yikuphi, kodwa kunconywa ukuyikhweza ngqo phambi kwe-cartridge.

Kufanele ushayele nini osebenza ngogesi?

Awudingi ukushayela ucingo osebenza ngogesi ukuze ashintshe isibani se-LED. Kodwa, uma ungayitholi imbangela yokuthi isibani silokoze ngokwakho, kuzomele ummeme.

Uzohlola uxhumano, anqume ikhwalithi ye-wiring, enze wonke umsebenzi odingekayo odinga amakhono ochwepheshe kanye neqembu elithile lokubekezelelana.

Ukucwayiza kwezibani ze-LED kuyinkinga enkulu kukho kokubili ukunethezeka nempilo yomuntu. Kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela yenkinga futhi uyilungise ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuvimbela ukucwayiza kwezibani endlini, ukufakwa kwemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nezintambo ezisetshenziswayo kusiza.