Izimpawu nokufakwa kwezibani zomgwaqo ze-LED

Izibani zomgwaqo ze-LED ziyimishini yokonga engenzi nje umsebenzi wokukhanyisa, kodwa futhi nokuhlobisa. Zisetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa izindawo ezinkulu nezincane, zidale ukukhanya okusabalele kanye nokugeleza kokukhanya okuqondisayo. Kunamamodeli amaningi ahlukene emakethe, ukwazi izici nezici zawo kuzokusiza ukhethe ithoshi elifanele.

Ayini amalambu e-LED emgwaqweni?

Umgomo wokusebenza kwezibani ze-LED zomgwaqo usekelwe ekuphumeni kwamagagasi okukhanya. Zivame ukufakwa emacaleni e-aluminium ahlala isikhathi eside futhi asetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa izindawo ezihlukahlukene – imigwaqo, amavulandi, izingadi, amapaki, izinkundla zokudlala.

Izici zezibani zomgwaqo ze-LED:

• Okokuqala. Ama-LED ayizici ze-semiconductor lapho amandla kagesi adlula kukristalu aguqulwa abe i-flux ekhanyayo. Ubukhulu bama-LED buncane kakhulu – cishe ngo-0.5 cm ububanzi. Njengoba izibani zomgwaqo zidinga ukunikeza ukukhanya okunamandla nokugqamile, zisebenzisa izibani ezihlanganisa amabhodi amaningana e-LED.
• Okwesibili. Ukuqinisa amandla nokukhanya kutholakala ngokufaka ama-lens optical. Bona, ngokugxila ekukhanyeni kokukhanya okuvela kumakristalu amaningi, bahlinzeka ngokuma okudingekile.
• Okwesithathu. Umzimba wesibani somgwaqo kufanele unikeze isivikelo emathonyeni emvelo amabi – umoya, imvula, uthuli, ngakho-ke, emikhiqizweni yekhwalithi ephezulu, yenziwe nge-aluminium, ephikisana nokugqwala.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezibani ze-LED zokukhanyisa emgwaqweni

Izibani ze-LED zangaphandle zisetshenziswa kabanzi yizo zombili izinsiza nabanikazi bezindlu ezizimele.

Izinketho zokufaka izicelo zezibani zomgwaqo ze-LED:

• Gcwalisa ukukhanyisa – kusetshenziswe ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezinkulu, lapho kudingekile ukuthi ungaqokomisi izakhi zomuntu ngamunye, kodwa ukugcizelela isithombe sonke sisonke.
• Ukukhanyisa amabala – asetshenziswa ezakhiweni ezinezitezi eziningi nasezindlini ezizimele, kuhlanganisa nokubeka ama-accents ezintweni ezibalulekile zesakhiwo.
• Ukukhanyisa kwe- landscape – okusetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa amapaki, izingadi, izikwele. Inketho elula imicu ye-LED elenga emagatsheni esihlahla.
• Ukukhanyiswa kwemigwaqo nemigwaqo emikhulu akukandile ezweni, njengoba kudinga ukushintshwa okuphelele kwawo wonke amalambu okungenani emgwaqeni owodwa.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezibani ze-LED zomgwaqo

Izibani zomgwaqo azifani kuphela ezicini zobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi ngohlobo lokufakwa. Ukukhethwa komklamo kuncike ezimweni ezithile kanye nemisebenzi eyabelwe ukukhanyisa kwangaphandle.

Izinhlobo zezinto zokukhanyisa emgwaqweni:

• Ikhonsoli. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa kwangaphandle kwezakhiwo, imigwaqo, amapaki, izindawo zokupaka. Izibani zifakwe kubakaki (ama-consoles) – odongeni lwendlu, ucingo lukakhonkolo, njll.
• Ipaki. Azikhanyi nje kuphela indawo yamapaki, kodwa futhi ziyisici sokuklama kwezwe. Lezi zibani zinomklamo okhangayo kanye nokuvikelwa okuthembekile emiphumeleni emibi yesimo sezulu. Kukhona ama-console futhi amisiwe.
• Umhlabathi (umhlabathi). Lawa ngamaphaneli ayisicaba afakwe ezingeni eliphansi. Zingalungiswa ngqo emhlabathini, i-asphalt, ukhonkolo, izinyathelo. Kukhona amamodeli akhelwe ngaphakathi futhi angashumekiwe.
• Izibani zokusesha. Lawa amamodeli ohlobo oluphathekayo noma kulula ukuwafaka. Ngokungafani namalambu avamile, ama-spotlights anama-deflector aseceleni anciphisa i-engeli yokuhlakazeka kokukhanya okukhanyayo, ngakho akhanyisa indawo ethile kuphela.
• Ezizimele. Lezi zinhlelo azidingi izintambo zikagesi ezijwayelekile. Amalambu anikwa amandla ngamaphaneli elanga athatha indawo kagesi. Lobu buchwepheshe manje sewethulwa ngenkuthalo amarobhothi “esikole”, abekwe eduze nezikhungo zezingane.

Izici zamamodeli asebenzisa amandla elanga 

Zonke izibani zasemgwaqweni ezisebenza ngelanga zisebenza ngesimiso esifanayo – imisebe, ewela kuma-photocells, ikhiqiza ugesi. Uma kukhanya, inzwa yokukhanya ivala isifunda sokunikezwa kwamandla kwephaneli ye-LED, lapho kuqala ubumnyama, ugesi ogciniwe usetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa.

Izici zamalambu asemgwaqweni asebenza ngelanga:

• Ukuzimela ngokuphelele – awudingi ama-mains nezinye izinto zokukhanyisa ezifakwe kusayithi.
• Iselula – ayidingi ukulungiswa okumile, njengoba zingekho izintambo zamandla.
• Ukufakwa okulula – ungafaka izibani ezizimele ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kochwepheshe.
• Ukuqina – izibani zingasuswa kalula ukusuka kwenye indawo kuya kwenye ngaphandle kokufaka imishini ekhethekile.
• Ukulungiswa kwamapharamitha – ungalungisa isikhathi namapharamitha wokucisha kumodi ezenzakalelayo.
• Ukuphepha – azikho izintambo zamandla kanye nokuxhumeka kukagesi, ngakho-ke usongo lokushaqeka kukagesi ezibani ezinjalo azifakiwe.
• I-assortment ebanzi . Imiklamo ehlukahlukene ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izibani ezizimele zodwa zelanga njengezinto zokuhlobisa.

Ukungalungi kwezibani kufaka phakathi ukuncika kokukhanyisa esimweni sezulu kanye nokuncipha kancane kancane komthamo webhethri.

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED zinesethi egcwele yezimfanelo ezidingekayo kudivayisi yesimanje yokukhanyisa emgwaqweni.

Izinzuzo zezibani ze-LED:

• Ukukhanya okukhululekile. Imnandi, ayiphuphutheki futhi ayicasuli, ayicwayizi futhi ayibuni. Ilungele ukufakwa emizileni. Yenza kube lula ukuhamba kwabashayeli, ungadali ubunzima olwengeziwe emehlweni lapho ushayela imoto.
• Ezomnotho. Isebenza ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, izibani ze-LED azilayishi imigqa yenethiwekhi futhi zibonise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, okuphakeme kakhulu kunalezo zokukhanya zakudala.
• Iphephile futhi ayihambisani nemvelo. Umklamo awuqukethe into enobuthi – i-mercury, kanye nezinye izakhi ezinobuthi. Ayikhiphi imisebe ye-ultraviolet ne-infrared, iphephile emvelweni nakubantu.
• Okuhlala isikhathi eside. Iyakwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuqhekeka nokushintshwa okufika eminyakeni eyi-15 yokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo. Uma izibani zisebenza ebumnyameni kuphela, impilo yazo yenkonzo ikhuphuka ibe yiminyaka engama-25. Lokhu kuqina akunakuqhathaniswa emikhiqizweni yokukhanyisa encintisanayo.
• Okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi okuthembekile. Icala lamathoshi anezibani ze-LED linezinga eliphakeme lokuvikela emithonyeni yemishini neyesimo sezulu. Ibanga lokushisa elisebenzayo: -50…+50°C.
• Abacwayizi. Ukunikezwa kombala okuphezulu kukuvumela ukuthi uthole ama-shades ahlukene, udale ukukhanya okunethezeka emehlweni omuntu.
• Ukuzinza. Ayikho impendulo ekushintsheni kwamandla kagesi kumapayipi amakhulu.
• Isanda kulahlwa. Ukungabikho kwezinto ezinobuthi kukuvumela ukuba ulahle izibani ezisetshenzisiwe ngendlela evamile.
• Ukufakwa kalula nokufaka. Izindleko zesondlo zigcinwa zisezingeni eliphansi.

Amaminithi:

• ukuzwela kumaconsi amanje;
• ingozi yokuguqulwa kwesimo ngenxa yokusebenza isikhathi eside;
• izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu (kodwa impilo yesevisi ende ngendlela engakaze ibonwe ibuqeda ngokuphelele lobu bubi).

Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho ukhetha?

Abakhiqizi banikeza uhla olukhulu lwezibani zomgwaqo ezihlukile ekuklanyeni, indlela yokufaka kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe.

Ngaphambi kokuthenga izibani zokukhanyisa isayithi noma ingadi, funda ngokucophelela izici zabo.

Yini ongakhetha yokuhlala ehlobo?

Uma ukhetha izibani zomgwaqo endaweni yokuhlala ehlobo noma indlu yezwe, cabanga ngenjongo oyidingayo. Uma kuphela ukukhanyisa, ungathenga amamodeli alula kakhulu efomini, uma futhi ngenxa yobuhle, khetha umklamo ohambisana nesitayela sesayithi kanye nesakhiwo sendlu.

Izibani zanamuhla zasemgwaqweni zenziwa namuhla ngezitayela ezahlukene:

• zakudala;
• yesimanje;
• indawo ephezulu;
• i-high Tech.

Yini ongagqamisa ezweni ngamalambu omgwaqo:

• indlela eya endlini;
• izinyathelo kanye nompheme;
• ichibi lokwenziwa noma ichibi;
• i-gazebo, njll.

Ukuze ulondoloze ukukhanya, sebenzisa izibani ezifakwe izinzwa ezinyakazayo – zisebenza kuphela lapho umuntu esondela. Labo abafuna ukuletha umoya wemilingo kusayithi kufanele basebenzise izibani zokuhlobisa ezinemibala eminingi.

Indlela yokukhetha isibani sesigxobo esifanele?

Uhla olunikezwayo lwamalambu omgwaqo lukhula njalo. Ukukhetha okukhulu kuvame ukudida umthengi. Ukuze uthenge inketho engcono kakhulu, ihlole ngokuya ngamapharamitha angezansi.

Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho ukhetha isibani sesigxobo:

• Ukukhanya. Kuncike ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo kwesibani esiholayo , esilinganiswa ngamalumens. Lapho inani liphakeme, ukukhanya kugqama.
• Inzuzo. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuncike enanini lama-watts. I-W engaphansi kwesibani, iyonga kakhulu.
• Izinga lokushisa lombala. Ilinganiswa ngama-kelvins futhi ithinta i-hue yokukhanya. Ngokukhanya kwemvelo – izinkulungwane ezingu-5-6 K. Ngamazinga aphezulu, ukukhanya kubanda, nge-tint bluish, ngamanani aphansi – afudumele.
• Isiqondiso somhlaba. Ichazwa ngamadigri – ukusuka kumayunithi ambalwa kuya kwamakhulu amaningana. I-engeli ephezulu yezibani zepaki ifika ku-360°.
• Isigaba sokuvikela. Izinga lokuvikelwa kwesakhiwo ethonyeni elibi lemvelo lincike kulo. Igama elithi “IP” kanye namadijithi amabili. Uma izinga eliphezulu liphezulu, ukuvikelwa okuthembeke kakhulu. Isigaba esincane yi-IP54.
• Isikhathi sokuphila. Kuncike emandleni, ikhwalithi, umkhiqizi. Kunqunywa ngokumaka: L kanye nenani lamahora.

Abakhiqizi bokukhanya be-LED bangaphandle

Kanye nokuthandwa kwezibani ze-LED, inani labakhiqizi bazo liyanda. Izimfuno eziphezulu namathemba abekwe ezibanini zasemgwaqweni – kumele zisebenze isikhathi eside, naphezu kwezimo ezinzima zokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha kufanele kunikezwe imikhiqizo yezinkampani ezaziwayo.

Uma umenzi enganikeli imininingwane enemininingwane yethoshi le-LED, kungenzeka ukuthi kunezinkinga zekhwalithi. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-2-3 zokusebenza, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwezibani ezisezingeni eliphansi kuncishiswa ngesigamu.

Imikhiqizo ongayethemba:

• I- Nichia yinkampani yaseJapane ekhiqiza ama-LED amelana nokuwohloka kwe-electrostatic.
• I- Osram Opto Semiconductors ingumkhiqizi waseJalimane imikhiqizo yayo ebhekwa njengezinga lekhwalithi.
• I- CREE yinkampani yaseMelika ethathwa njengomholi ekukhiqizeni i-LED nezisombululo ezintsha.
• I- Seoul Semiconductors ingumkhiqizi waseNingizimu Korea onomjikelezo ogcwele wokukhiqiza. Imikhiqizo isezingeni eliphezulu futhi inenani eliphansi uma iqhathaniswa nabakhiqizi baseYurophu nabaseMelika.
• I -Philips – i-Lumileds – izikhungo zayo zocwaningo nentuthuko zitholakala e-USA, futhi inkampani ngokwayo iphakathi kwabaholi ekukhiqizeni ama-LED.
• I-Vsesvetodiody LLC ingenye yabakhiqizi abakhulu baseRussia. Amalambu amaningi asemgwaqweni afakwe ama-Osram LED.
• I- Samsung LED ingumkhiqizi waseKorea okhiqiza ama-LED nezibani zomgwaqo ezenziwe ngomumo. Imikhiqizo yale nkampani inenani elihle lemali.

Izibani ze-LED ezingcono kakhulu zangaphandle

Izibani ezingcono kakhulu zokuhlela ukukhanyisa emgwaqweni yilawo mamodeli ahlala isikhathi eside, anikeza ukukhanya kwekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi avikelwe ngokuthembekile emvuleni nasothulini.

Amamodeli adumile ezibani zomgwaqo:

• I-Globo Cotopa 32005-2 iyisibani sodonga sobuchwepheshe obuphezulu esivela kumkhiqizi wase-Austria. Umzimba omnyama, umumo uyisilinda. Ukuphakama – 16 cm, ububanzi – 8 cm. Ngaphakathi kukhona izibani ze-multidirectional ze-2. Indawo yokukhanyisa – 10 sq. m. Inani: 2,640 ruble.
• I-Nowodvorski 9565 iyisibani sophahla esisezingeni eliphezulu. I-plafond yayo yenziwe ngengilazi, futhi isisekelo senziwe ngensimbi. Amandla esibani aphezulu angama-watts angama-35. Intengo: 6 995 ruble.
• I-Paulmann Plug & Shine Floor 93912 iyilambu eliphansi emzimbeni wensimbi oyicylindrical . Isibani se-LED sitholakala ngaphansi kwengilazi eyisicaba, ukukhanya kuqondiswe phezulu. Intengo: 8 650 ruble.
• I- Eglo Penalva 1 94819 iyisibani esiphansi esingu-4W. Isebenza kusuka kunethiwekhi yesigaba esisodwa 220 V. Ikhava esobala ibekwe endaweni yokumisa yensimbi. Isisindo sekholomu si-2 kg. Intengo: 2 480 ruble.
• I-Lightstar Lampione 375070 – isibani esilengayo singafakwa ngaphansi kwama-canopies, ezigxotsheni noma kuma-arches. Amandla esibani se-LED ngu-8 W. Insiza yama-LED amahora angama-20,000. Intengo: 2,622 ruble.

Ukufakwa kwezibani ze-LED zangaphandle

Izibani zomgwaqo zifakwe ngezindlela ezahlukene – ziboshwe ezindongeni, zifakwe ezigxotsheni, zifakwe ngqo emhlabathini.

Izinhlobo zamalambu omgwaqo kuye ngendlela yokuwafaka:

• Ground – bane-bayonet engaphansi kwamanzi, engcwatshwa emhlabathini futhi ilungise isibani. Amamodeli ahluke komunye nomunye ngobude be-bayonet nokuphakama kophahla.
• I- Wall -mounted – isetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa indawo yendawo kanye nokukhanyisa kokuhlobisa. Uma ufaka izibani ezizimele (i-solar-powered), kubalulekile ukukhetha kahle isikhundla esihlobene namaphuzu ama-cardinal.
• Imisiwe – ibekwe phezu kwezakhi ezihlukahlukene zesakhiwo futhi iqinile ngokuqinile (abakaki, imishayo, njll.). Ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo nakho kuyasetshenziswa (ama-stretch marks, izintambo, njll.).
• I- Built -in – imele isakhiwo esisodwa esinezici zezakhiwo nokuklama (izinyathelo, izinsika, izindlela zengadi, njll.).

Imiyalo yokufakwa kwezibani zomgwaqo:

1. Uma ufaka izibani ezigxotsheni ngokwakho, qiniseka ukuthi ucisha ugesi – hlukanisa umugqa owodwa kusuka ekufakweni kukagesi wangaphandle bese ubeka umshini wangaphandle kuwo (uma i-luminaire ingenawo ama-solar panel).
2. Beka intambo emhlabathini, uyibeke kuqala epayipini likathayela.
3. Beka ikhebula ekujuleni okungamamitha angu-0.5-0.6. Buyela emuva u-1.5 m ukusuka onqenqemeni lomgwaqo.
4. Gcwalisa umsele wekhebula ngesihlabathi ukuze unikeze amanzi.
5. Uma kukhona izibani eziningana, zixhume ochungechungeni lwesekethe.
6. Beka izinto zomhlabathi ku-substrate yetshe bese ulungisa ngodaka. Sebenzisa ileveli ukuze uqinisekise isikhundla seleveli.
7. Ngemva kokuhlanganisa isisekelo, xhuma i-lantern kunethiwekhi ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo.

Ividiyo emayelana nokuxhuma nokufaka isibani somgwaqo:

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nezibani zomgwaqo ze-LED

Ngaphambi kokuthenga izibani ze-LED, abathengi abaningi bafuna ukuthola ulwazi oluningi mayelana nokusebenza nokufakwa kwabo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Imibuzo evame kakhulu abantu abangase babe nayo mayelana nezibani zasemgwaqweni yilena:

• Ingakanani izinga lokuvikela uthuli nomswakama okufanele izibani zasemgwaqeni zibe nazo? Kuya ngokuthi ukufakwa kwenziwa kuphi. Emoyeni ovulekile, i-IP kumele okungenani ibe ngu-44, ngaphansi kwe-canopy – 23, 33 noma 44, eduze kwechibi noma umthombo – kusukela ku-IP65, eduze kwechibi elingadini – IP68 (bangasebenza ngisho nangaphansi kwamanzi).
• Ingabe amalambu omgwaqo angafakwa endlini? Yebo, akukho mingcele ekufakweni kwazo emagcekeni. Kepha izibani ezijwayelekile kukhona – izinga lokuvikela i-IP kumele okungenani libe ngu-44, futhi ezicini kufanele kube nenothi – “yezinga lokushisa lomgwaqo”.
• Iyiphi impahla engcono kakhulu yezibani zomgwaqo? Ngesimo sezulu saseRussia ephakathi, izibani ezenziwe ngensimbi nama-polymers (ipulasitiki) zifaneleka kakhulu. Lezi zamuva zibekezelelwa kahle kakhulu yimiphumela emibi yesimo sezulu, ukumelana nokutubeka, i-oxidation kanye nokugqwala.
• Imuphi umbala wokukhanya oncomekayo emgwaqeni? Ukushisa kombala wezibani kukhethiwe kucatshangelwa umphumela olindelekile. Ukukhanya kufika ku-3 500 K (okufudumala) kudala umuzwa wokunethezeka, kulungele ukukhanyisa ama-gazebos, ama-veranda, ama-facade agqamile.
  Ukukhanya okuvela ku-4,500 K (kubanda) kuyakhanya futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa izindlela, izindawo zokupaka kanye nemigwaqo. Ububanzi be-2,700-4,000 K abuthathi hlangothi (ukukhanya kwasemini), kunconywa ukuthi kukhethwe njengokuyinhloko.
• Izibani zomgwaqo zifakwa ngaziphi izikhawu? Akufanele ubeke izibani eduze kakhulu komunye nomunye, uzama ukufeza ukukhanya okukhanyayo nokufana kwendawo. Izigxobo ezi-1-1.2 m ukuphakama zinconywa ukuba zibekwe kude no-5-8 m ukusuka komunye nomunye, kuze kufike ku-1 m – ngezikhathi ze-3-5 m.

Impendulo ngokukhanya komgwaqo we-LED

Roman E., Lipetsk. Esizeni ngifake izibani ze-LED Gadgetut 2030 ngenzwa yokunyakaza. Ukukhanya kuyagqama futhi kuyafana, kumelana nanoma yisiphi isimo sezulu esibi. Basebenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga ebangeni elingu -40…..+40°C. I-angle yokukhanyisa ibanzi – ikhanyisa igceke, indawo yokupaka, nanoma iyiphi enye indawo kahle.

Igor T., Voronezh. Ngibeka izibani endlini yezwe futhi ngifake izibani ze-console ze-100 W kuzo. Inamandla kakhulu, ngokuphuma kokukhanya kwama-lumens angu-140 ngewathi eyodwa. Ukukhanya kuyakhanya, ngakho isibani esisodwa sikhanyisa indawo ehloniphekile. Ukukhanyisa kungokwemvelo, akukhathali amehlo futhi akuhlanekezeli imibala, akucwayizi.

Izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED azigcini nje ngokugcina ugesi futhi zixazulule inkinga yokukhanyisa, kodwa futhi zidale ukukhanya okuhle kwe-landscape. Izibani zesimanje ze-LED, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziluhlobo luni lokufakwa, ziba izici ezigcwele zesakhiwo sesayithi.