Izizathu zokukhanyisa kwe-LED strip nokuthi ungazixazulula kanjani

Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile sokusebenzisa umugqa we-LED, iqala ukucwayiza, ukukhanya kwayo kuyafiphala. Ungakwazi ukubhekana nale nkinga ngokwakho ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kochwepheshe. Kungaba nezizathu ezimbalwa zokucwayiza komugqa we-LED.

Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi

Uma ukungasebenzi kahle kungabonakali lapho kuxhunyiwe, kodwa ngemva kwemizuzwana noma imizuzu embalwa, kungenzeka ukuthi imbangela yokuphuka ilele ekunikezeni amandla ngokwawo. Idivayisi ekhethwe ngokungalungile (ikhwalithi embi) inamandla anganele, okuholela ekwehleni kwe-voltage.

Lapho ukhetha umthombo wamandla, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi unomkhawulo wamandla okungenani ama-30%.

Esimweni esivamile, lapho uthenga ugesi esitolo, akufanele uthembele kuphela ezithembisweni zomsizi wokuthengisa. I-tape ingaxhuma ngempumelelo futhi ishise kwimodi evamile, kodwa ekhaya, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ama-microcircuits nezinye izakhi zishisa, okuholela ezinkingeni. Izinkinga zenzeka ngenxa yokungahambelani kwezinto eziningi zamandla kagesi zaseShayina nolwazi olushiwo kupasipoti. Ipuleti lithi amandla abo angama-watts angu-200, kodwa empeleni ngeke kube nama-watts angu-150. Lapho i-tape ene-block enjalo ivuliwe ngamandla amakhulu, “ingakhanyisa” futhi iphume ngokushesha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi idivayisi ikumodi yokuvikela ukugcwala kakhulu. Ama-LED angase aqale ukubaneka lapho esebenzisa izinto zamandla zaseShayina ezingabizi nezilawuli ze-RGB ngemva kweminyaka engu-1-2 yokusebenza okuvamile. Lokhu kungachazwa yiqiniso lokuthi aqukethe izingxenye zekhwalithi ephansi kanye nezakhi zomsakazo ezingakwazi ukusebenza isikhathi eside ngisho nakuma-currents alinganisiwe nama-voltages. Isibonelo, ukwanda komthwalo nge-voltage yehla kunethiwekhi izikhathi eziningi kunciphisa impilo yokusebenza yama-capacitor. Ukuze wonge imali, abakhiqizi basebenzisa izingxenye ezishibhile, ezingathembekile ezingahlinzeki ngokusebenza kahle. Abakhiqizi banentshisekelo yokuheha abathengi ngokukhangisa izici zobuchwepheshe ezandisiwe zomkhiqizo wabo, ezingaqinisekisiwe ekusebenzeni. Ukuze wonge imali, abakhiqizi basebenzisa izingxenye ezishibhile, ezingathembekile ezingahlinzeki ngokusebenza kahle. Abakhiqizi banentshisekelo yokuheha abathengi ngokukhangisa izici zobuchwepheshe ezandisiwe zomkhiqizo wabo, ezingaqinisekisiwe ekusebenzeni. Ukuze wonge imali, abakhiqizi basebenzisa izingxenye ezishibhile, ezingathembekile ezingahlinzeki ngokusebenza kahle. Abakhiqizi banentshisekelo yokuheha abathengi ngokukhangisa izici zobuchwepheshe ezandisiwe zomkhiqizo wabo, ezingaqinisekisiwe ekusebenzeni.

Lapho uthenga, kufanele unikeze okuthandayo emithonjeni yamandla eqinisekisiwe enegama, futhi uma uthenga inguqulo yesiShayina, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi ibe nendawo yokugcina amandla kabili. Ukunikezwa kwamandla okuphawuliwe kufanele kumelane nezicaciso zobuchwepheshe ezimenyezelwe ezinomugqa.

Uma kukhona i-backlight enwetshiwe elingana namamitha angu-15-20 noma ngaphezulu, kungcono ukusebenzisa uhlobo olulodwa lwe-tape ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Uma kungenjalo ku-
RGB tapeukukhanya okunemibala eminingi endaweni ethile kuzohambisana nomphumela we-lag noma ukudlula kwemibala ngayinye. Ukuphila kwenkonzo kufanele kucatshangelwe. Ukusebenzisa isikhathi eside okungenazinkinga kungabangela ama-capacitor azinzile kumayunithi ukuthi ome futhi alahlekelwe umthamo wawo wangempela. Bangase babe nesici, okuzobonakala ngokuvuvukala kwe-keg. Ukukhanya okuvela kutheyiphu kuzoba buthakathaka futhi kufiphele ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Isizathu salokhu ukuwohloka kwemvelo kwamakristalu kuma-diode. Ukusheshisa le nqubo kuzokwenzeka lapho ingekho iphrofayili ye-aluminium ehlinzeka ngokupholisa okuvamile. Uma lungekho uhlelo lokupholisa olucatshangelwayo, ukuwohloka kuzokwenzeka ngesivinini esisheshayo, ikakhulukazi ngokuchayeka ngezikhathi ezithile emisebeni ye-ultraviolet engenayo.

Ukushisa ngokweqile kungenzeka kakhulu ngisho nakwimikhiqizo ebizayo nesezingeni eliphezulu enamathiselwe esisekelweni sokhuni noma sepulasitiki.

Izimo ezifanayo zingenzeka lapho uxhuma amateyipu avela emithonjeni yamandla ehlukene. Umehluko wabo ku-voltage yokuphuma kungaholela eqinisweni lokuthi esigabeni esixhunywe kubhulokhi nge-Vin eyodwa, ukuguqulwa kwemibala ye-RGB kuzobambezeleka maqondana nezinye izingxenye. Esinye isizathu esivamile somphumela olokozayo ukuxhuma amandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa amaswishi okukhanya kwegumbi. Njengoba izibani ze-LED zikhanya kusukela ekukhanyeni okungemuva kwe-switch, yilokhu okuzokwenzeka nge-tape. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uxhume umthombo wamandla ngokuqondile usebenzisa umshini kuphaneli kagesi noma ngokushintsha, kodwa ngaphandle kokukhanyisa.

Ezinye izinto zikagesi azikwazi ukufakwa ezikhaleni ezivalekile, njenge-plasterboard ceiling niches.

Ikhwalithi ye-solder ephansi

Kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho nezincomo ezihlobene nokubekwa uphawu kwesakhiwo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamabhodi esekethe aguquguqukayo wesisekelo sama-diode ane-acidic fluxes esebenzayo (acidic) kubangela i-oxidation kancane kancane ye-pad nokulahlekelwa uxhumano. Ngemuva kwe-soldering, i-flux ihlala ku-pad, okuzogqwala kancane kancane isisekelo sethusi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-caustic flux akuthandeki kakhulu, futhi uma lokho kusetshenziswa, kufanele kugezwe kahle futhi kungabi namandla ngokunye ukwakheka okufanele. Esimweni esikuso, kuzovela ukukhanya okungavamile, futhi ngemva kwalokho yonke ingxenye yeketanga ngemuva kwephuzu le-solder izoyeka ukusebenza.

Uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa othintana naye, nqamula itheyiphu futhi ulahle imodyuli engasebenzi, esikhundleni sayo ufake entsha.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufanele uthengise i-tape nge-soldering iron enamandla angaphezu kwama-watts angu-60. Lokhu kungaholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kothintana naye (uma i-copper pad inqanyuliwe kuthrekhi, ukuzinza koxhumano kuzophazamiseka). Akunzima ukuhlola lokhu – udinga ukucindezela othintana naye ngeminwe yakho futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukukhanya kubonakala, kanye nokusebenza okuzinzile kwebhodi. Uma ususa iminwe yakho, ukukhanya kuzonyamalala. Inkinga ingase iphakame uma i-alloy ye-tin ye-refractory isetshenziswe, engahlinzeki kahle ukunamathela ku-pad yethusi ezingeni lamakhemikhali. Uma othintana naye empofu, ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokwehla kwamandla kagesi wesikhathi esifushane kungase kwenzeke, okungukuthi, umugqa we-LED uzocwayiza. Ikhwalithi yabathintana nabo kufanele ihlolwe, uma kunesidingo, i-solder futhi i-crimp konke ukuxhumana okukhona.

Xhumana ne-oxidation kuzixhumi

Abanye abanawo amakhono okusebenzisa izinsimbi zokunamathisela, kanti abanye bafuna nje ukugwema ukwenza lolu hlobo lomsebenzi. Okunye kungabhekwa njengenketho yokuxhuma usebenzisa izixhumi. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kune-drawback ephawulekayo – i-oxidation yoxhumana naye. Ngokuvamile iqala ekamelweni elisanda kupendwa, igumbi elinezindonga ezicakiwe, eligcwele i-screed, umswakama ophezulu. Umsinga ongekho ngaphezu kwe-10A udluliswa ngezixhumi ezinjalo. Kulula ukubala:

• i-tape yamamitha amahlanu inamandla angu-75 W kanye ne-current ye-6.5 A;
• i-tape yemitha engu-1 inamandla angu-30 W kanye ne-current 12.5 A.

Lapho othintana naye enziwe i-oxidized, uma i-current enkulu idlula lapho, ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokutubeka okulandelayo kwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho, oxhumana nabo abanjalo bayanyamalala ngokuphelele.

Isimo esifanayo senzeka uma indawo yokuxhumana kusixhumi inganele. Lokhu kuchaza isidingo sokukhetha ngokucophelela.

Isilawuli nesilawuli kude

Uma umugqa we-LED ungavuli nhlobo noma usebenza kanye kuphela, isizathu singase silale kumabhethri afile wesilawuli kude, esisetshenziselwa ukulawula isilawuli ngobuchwepheshe be-RGB. Udinga ukuqala ngokubheka amabhethri. Uma idivayisi yokukhanyisa ishintsha futhi ishintsha imibala ngokuzimela, khona-ke ukungasebenzi kulele kusilawuli.

Ngokusebenza kwesilawulikude esisebenzayo, ukushintsha okunjalo akunakwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukushintsha okuzimele akuxhunyiwe nesilawuli kude, kwanele ukususa amabhethri kukesi.

Enye indlela yokuthola ukungasebenzi kahle kwesilawuli ukukhipha idivayisi kusekethe kagesi. Udinga ukunikeza amandla kumbala ngamunye ngokuhlukene. Uma kungekho ukwehluleka futhi yonke into isebenza kahle, khona-ke isizathu silele kusilawuli se-RGB, okumele sithathelwe indawo esisha. Uma kukhona ingxenye ecwebezelayo (ecishiwe) yamakristalu amathathu kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yetheyiphu, kuyadingeka ukuyishintsha. Lokhu kungenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ngisho nokudiliza iphrofayela:

1. Ngommese womfundisi, ingxenye engasebenzi isuswa ngokucophelela ngendlela yokusika phakathi kwamaphedi okuxhumana.
2. Kudingekile ukuhlanza nokubopha othintana nabo bethusi emaphethelweni.
3. Indawo eshiyiwe ithathelwa indawo ingxenye entsha, ebheka i-polarity, i-tinning othintana nabo futhi i-soldering ama-conductor aphrintiwe.

Kwezinye izimo, kufanele ucindezele inkinobho izikhathi eziningana ukuze uvule ukukhanya. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi idivayisi yokulawula idala inkinga. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwesilawuli kude kungenzeka uma kukhiqizwa abakhiqizi baseShayina.

Ukuxilongwa kwephutha kungenzeka kusetshenziswa umhloli osethelwe kububanzi obuyi-12 V.

Ukungcoliswa ngomshini kwezinkinobho zesilawuli kude noma umthombo wamandla kungenzeka.

I-LED engalungile

Ukungasebenzi kahle okungenhla kuhlobene namateyipu asebenza ku-voltage ephansi 12, 24, 36 V. Kukhona futhi amadivaysi asebenza ku-220 V. Imishini yokukhanyisa ifakwe uchungechunge phezu kwezindawo ezinkulu. Isibonelo, imitha yomugqa owodwa izoqukatha ama-semiconductors angama-60. Uma i-LED eyodwa ihluleka, ezinye zizothinteka. Okufanayo kusebenza ezimweni lapho enye ye-LED iqala ukukhanya. I-backlight engu-12 V yenziwe ngamaqembu ama-LED axhunywe ngokuhambisana. Ngokufanelekile, lapho enye yama-semiconductors icwayiza, izenzo ezingezinhle zizowela eqenjini elithile kuphela.

Ukulungisa lesi simo akunzima – udinga ukuthola i-LED engalungile bese uthengisa enye kuleyo ndawo. Ungasebenzisa indlela yomhlaba wonke yokuxazulula inkinga – buyisela le mojula (iqoqo).

Ukubonakala komphumela okhanyayo ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ngemva kokuvula idivayisi yokukhanyisa kusho ukuthi i-semiconductor eyodwa inephutha. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokushisa kancane kancane kanye nokunqamuka kokuxhumana futhi kubangela ukuncishiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-tape. I-diode epholile izoqala ukusebenza futhi. Isenzo esinjalo sizophindwa ngomjikelezo othile. Uma unolwazi nge-electronics kanye nekhono lokusebenzisa i-soldering iron, ukufaka esikhundleni sesigaba esinesici ngeke kubangele ubunzima.

Ezinye izizathu

Ukucwayiza komugqa we-LED kungabangelwa ezinye izizathu ezengeziwe:

• Ukusebenza kwezinhlelo ezidala ukukhanya okuhlukanisiwe okulinganayo, okusebenza ngosizo lwe-voltage eshintshanayo. Kusuka ku-fuse, i-voltage ithuthela ebhulohweni le-diode futhi kusukela lapho isivele iphuma ngesimo se-voltage engaguquki. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kube nokukhanya okulinganayo.
• Imithetho ephuliwe yokufaka nokuxhuma itheyiphu ne-wiring diagram. Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokuxhuma kahle umugqa we-LED, funda lapha .
• Ukungahambisani nombuso wokushisa. Icala elinjalo lingenzeka lapho idivayisi ibekwe ebhodini ngaphandle komoya.
• Vula itheyiphu ifakiwe. Khona-ke ama-LED azontula ukuvikelwa komshini okudingekayo.
• Ukungahambisani nemithetho noma ukuba khona kokuphulwa ngesikhathi sokuxhunywa kwezintambo emgqeni we-LED. Izimo ezinjalo zivame ukwenzeka ezindlini lapho kusenezintambo ezindala.
• Izigaba ezihlehlisiwe. Ngokuhambisana nesimiso, ukushintsha kufanele kuphazamise umqhubi wesigaba. Kodwa-ke, uma ixutshwe (ukuntuleka kokumaka), khona-ke ukushintshwa kuphulwa ngocingo olungathathi hlangothi, okuholela ekucwayizeni kwe-diode.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umphumela okhanyayo uvela lapho ukukhanya kuvaliwe, kodwa kukhona okungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke endaweni yokusebenza. Isimo sokugcina asiholeli nje kuphela ekucwayizeni, kodwa futhi ekushintsheni kwezici zokukhanya.

Uma kungekho ukuvikelwa komshini kuma-LED, khona-ke umswakama otholakala kuwo ungabangela ukusebenza okungalungile kwemithombo yokukhanya.

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukukhanya komugqa we-LED kuzoholela ekushintshweni kwesakhiwo sonke. Kungcono ukuthenga itheyipu ene-margin ngobude ukuze ukwazi ukwenza indawo yenkinga. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukucabangela izinga lomkhiqizo othengiwe. Uma ukungasebenzi kahle okubonakala kudala ubunzima obukhulu, kungcono ukuthintana nochwepheshe.