Ukuklama, ukufakwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-dimmers amalambu e-LED

I-dimmer iyithuluzi elilawula ukukhanya kwesibani. Ikakhulukazi ethandwa kakhulu amadivaysi anjalo ngokuhlanganiswa nezibani ze-LED. Sizofunda ukuthi ama-dimmers asebenza kanjani, ayini, nokuthi angawakhetha kanjani ngendlela efanele.

Yini i-dimmer?

I-dimmer iyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esiklanyelwe ukulawula amandla ezibani. Ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngokushintsha i-voltage enikezwa umthwalo.
I-dimmer yezibani ezivamile ze-incandescent yasungulwa kudala. Amadivayisi okuqala kakhulu kwakungama-rheostat alawula ukukhanya kwama-emitters ngokushintsha ukumelana kwawo. Kamuva, ama-compact electronic dimmers adalwe asebenza ngokuthuthukile. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-dimmer, esiyihlukanisa ne-rheostat, silele ebudlelwaneni obuqondile namandla esibani se-LED – ngokushesha nje lapho ukukhanya kokukhanya kuncipha, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwehla, futhi ngayo izindleko zamandla nazo ziyancipha. .

Kungani idingeka?

I-dimmer yezibani ze-LED isetshenziswa noma yikuphi lapho udinga ukulungisa ukukhanya kokukhanyisa. Le divayisi ikuvumela ukuthi udale indawo enethezekile nethokomele evumelana nezidingo kanye nesimo sengqondo somsebenzisi. Yonke imithombo yokukhanyisa ye-LED ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:

• amadivaysi azimele – izibani;
• Imibala ye-LED.

Namuhla, cishe noma yisiphi isibani se-LED esingu-220 V siyacimeka. Lawa amalambu ane-E, MR, G socles. Agqunywe kukhatriji evamile futhi ukukhanya kulawulwa ngesilawuli. Kuma-strip e-LED, kusetshenziswa amadivayisi ane-PWM (i-pulse width modulation). Izibonelo zokusebenzisa i-dimmer:

• ukwehla kokukhanya okukhanyayo ekamelweni lokulala ngaphambi kokulala;
• ezindlini zokuklama lapho kudingeka khona amaphethini okukhanya ahlukahlukene;
• ukushintsha ukukhanya kumodi yokulinda – ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla;
• ukuthola imiphumela yokukhanyisa ngesikhathi samakhonsathi neminye imicimbi, okuhlanganisa neyemigubho yasekhaya – izibani ziyafiphala ngesikhathi sokudansa noma isidlo sakusihlwa sothando.

Ukugqamisa izindawo ezingazodwana kuthrendayo njengamanje. Igumbi lihlela i-backlight, elawulwa kusetshenziswa i-dimmer futhi ikhanyisa into ethile noma indawo – isibonelo, isithombe noma i-vase enkulu.

Idivayisi nomgomo wokusebenza

Isici esiyinhloko se-dimmer siyisihluthulelo – ngokuvamile sibizwa ngokuthi ukushintshwa noma ukushintshwa. Ilawulwa yi-semiconductor transistors, triacs, thyristors. Ngenxa yama-dimmers, amalambu e-LED angu-220 no-12 V asebenza ku-10-100% wamandla awo.
Umgomo wokusebenza:

1. I-sinusoidal alternating current igeleza kunethiwekhi kagesi. Ukushintsha ukukhanya kwesibani se-LED, i-sinusoid encishisiwe isetshenziswa kuyo.
2. I-sinusoid inqunywa ngokusika ingxenye yayo – umphetho ohamba phambili noma olandelanayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-voltage ehlinzeka umthombo wokukhanya iyancipha. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla nokukhanya kwesibani kuyashintsha.

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokulungisa i-voltage:

• Ngaphambili. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukulawula amalambu angu-220V LED kanye ne-CFL ngokusebenzisa ama-electromagnetic transformers. Futhi, ukulungiswa onqenqemeni olulandelanayo lwe-sinusoid kusetshenziswa izibani zama-voltage aphansi.

• Emuva ngaphambili. Lesi silawuli sisetshenziselwa izibani ze-halogen ne-LED. Ukufiphaza kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ama-electronic transformers.

Ama-Dimmers amajeneretha aphazamisa ugesi. Ukuze unciphise, i-inductor yokumelana okuphezulu (i-choke) noma isihlungi se-inductive-capacitive sifakiwe kumjikelezo. Ividiyo elandelayo izokusiza ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nesekethe yesilawuli se-voltage / ukukhanya okujwayelekile:
I-dimmer ifakwe noma esikhundleni seswishi. Isimo esiyinhloko ukuthi idivayisi kufanele itholakale ngaphambi komshayeli wesibani se-LED.

Umshayeli wesibani se-LED – idivayisi yokugcina amandla kagesi ezingeni elinikeziwe. Inikeza ama-LED amandla akhona njalo, avimbele ukuthi angacwayizi futhi aphuke.

Ngisho nokuchezuka okuncane kwe-voltage kusuka kumapharamitha acacisiwe kuholela ekucwayizeni nasekufiphaleni kwama-LED – lezi zakhi ze-semiconductor zizwela kakhulu amandla. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-voltage inikezwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele ecacisiwe, izifunda zesimanje azisebenzisi indlela yendabuko yokulawula umthwalo – ukushintsha ukumelana – kodwa ukuguquguquka kobubanzi be-pulse. Inikeza ama-diode amanje ngama-pulses amafushane ngezikhathi ezinde. Indlela i-PWM dimmer esebenza ngayo:

• Isekethe iyijeneretha ekhiqiza amandla amanje aphezulu (200 Hertz).
• I-pulse ivela ekuphumeni, okubangela ukuthi ama-diode akhanye.
• Ngaphakathi kwelambu le-LED, kufakwe umshayeli osabela ekulawuleni kwangaphandle. Ivela kumlawuli. Uma i-current inyuswa, umshayeli uthumela ama-PWM aphezulu kakhulu.

Ukukhanya kwama-LED kuncike kumingcele ye-pulse esetshenzisiwe, futhi ukukhanya kwesibani esivamile kuncike emandleni amanje. Ngakho-ke, i-dimmer ye-LED akumele isetshenziselwe ukulawula amanye ama-emitters okukhanya.

Izinhlobo zama-dimmers

Ngaphambi kokuthenga nokufaka i-dimmer, qonda ukuhlukaniswa kwabo. Lawa madivayisi amelwa kabanzi emakethe. Zihluke ngokuklama, indlela yokufaka nokulawula.

Ngohlobo lokufaka

Zonke izilawuli ngokwendlela yokufaka zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:

• Ngaphandle. Zingamaswishi angaphezulu afakwe ngqo odongeni. Imishini enjalo ivamise ukufakwa uma udaba lwangaphakathi lungabalulekile.
• Ngaphakathi. Lawa madivayisi abekwe endaweni elungiselelwe ngaphambilini. Inketho ethandwa kakhulu yezakhiwo zokuhlala.

Ngokuklama

Hhayi kuphela amathuba, imingcele, izindleko, kodwa futhi ububanzi be-dimmer buncike ekuklanyeni. Izinketho zokuklama:

• I-modular. Igama lesibili isihlangu. Zifakwe kuphaneli kagesi. Lena inketho ebiza kakhulu enokugcwalisa okuyinkimbinkimbi nge-elekthronikhi. Akuvamile ukusetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Yifake kuma-mounting rails. Kukhona amamodeli we-modular amalambu e-LED angashintshi nje kuphela ukukhanya kokukhanya, kodwa futhi enze inombolo yeminye imisebenzi, elawulwa ngeziteshi zokudlulisa idijithali. Amadivayisi alolu hlobo asetshenziswa kusistimu Yekhaya Elihlakaniphile.
• Vimba. Idivayisi ehlangene exhuma ngqo kumjikelezo wokukhanyisa. Asetshenziswa lapho kufakwa ama-spotlights ophahleni olunwetshiwe – afaka idivayisi ngemuva kwekhanvasi.
• I- Monoblock . Inketho yakudala kakhulu. Imishini enjalo ifakwe kumasokhethi ajwayelekile. Ngokuvamile zifakwa ezindlini.

Ngendlela yokuphatha

I-dimmer iyithuluzi elincane elibukeka njengeswishi evamile. Ukushintsha ukukhanya kwenziwa ngezindlela ezihluke kakhulu. Izinketho zesilawuli:

• Inkinobho yokucindezela. Kulula futhi kulula ukuphatha. Ukukhanya kushintsha ngokucindezela inkinobho.
• Swivel. Nikeza ngokujikisa indlela ukuya kwewashi noma ngokuphikisana newashi. Ekujikeni kokuqala, kuzwakala ukuchofoza – ukukhanya kuyakhanyisa, futhi izibani zikhanya ku-10% yenani lokuzisholo.
• I-Swivel-push. Umshini uzungeza ngendlela efanayo esimweni sangaphambilini, kodwa ngale ndlela kulungiswa ukukhanya kuphela. Ukuze uvule/uvale izibani, cindezela iswishi.
• Thinta. Indlela yesimanjemanje yokuphatha. Ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngokuchofoza izindawo ezihambisanayo. Kumamodeli abizayo, kunikezwa isibonisi sombala.
• Isilawuli kude. Ukulawula kwenziwa ngaphandle kwentambo. Isignali idluliswa ngamaza omsakazo noma nge-infrared. Esimweni sokuqala, ungalungisa ukukhanya kunoma yiliphi igumbi endlini, esimweni sesibili, ngokukhomba isilawuli kude kusilawuli.

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-dimmer ilele emsebenzini wayo – ukulawula ukukhanya kokukhanya. Lokhu kungenzeka kuvumela umuntu ukuba azikhethele imodi yokukhanyisa efanelekile – ecabangela izidingo eziphuthumayo.
Ezinye izinzuzo ze-dimmer yezibani ze-LED:

• Iyalondoloza. Ukunciphisa amandla kukuvumela ukuthi wehlise kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
• Ukuklama izindawo. Ukuhlukanisa igumbi libe yizindawo ezihlukene ngosizo lokukhanyisa, lungisa ukukhanya kokukhanya endaweni ethile.
• Sebenza ngamandla amancane. Lapho usuka ekhaya, ungashiya izibani ngokubeka ukukhanya okuphansi kwezibani. Isinyathelo esinjalo silingisa ukuba khona kwabanikazi futhi sithuse amasela.
• Ikhwalithi. Ama-dimmers esimanje anokwethenjelwa, aqinile futhi awadingi izimo zokusebenza. Zibekezelela ukugcwala ngokweqile, zisebenza ngokuthula, zihlangene futhi zinesisindo esincane.
• Ukuguquguquka. Idivayisi isetshenziswa kokubili ukulawula izibani ezinamasokhethi ajwayelekile E14 kanye ne-E27, kanye nokulungiswa okungavamile. Izilawuli zifakwe kokubili kumalambu e-LED eyodwa nakuwo wonke amaqembu ezibani.

Amaphutha:

• Izindleko eziphezulu. Kuthatha izinyanga, noma ngisho neminyaka, kuze kube yilapho idivayisi isikhokha.
• Izingozi. Kukhona kungenzeka ukwehluleka kwedivayisi, okungaholela emlilweni kumjikelezo. Kukhona futhi ingozi yokuthi umlawuli ngeke avule isifunda sokuphakelwa kwamandla uma kunesidingo, esisongela umsebenzisi ngokushaqeka kukagesi.

Ungakhetha kanjani i-dimmer?

Ukuze i-dimmer isebenze kahle, kufanele ihambisane nezibani ze-LED. Ngakho-ke, qala ngokunquma ukuthi yiziphi izinto ze-LED ezizosetshenziswa. Ukukhetha kwe-Dimmer:

• Ukuze uthole isibani esingu-220 V. Imishini ye-Phase-pulse ene-sinusoidal cutoff onqenqemeni olulandelanayo iyanconywa.
• Ku-12 V. Noma yiziphi izilawuli ze-PWM noma ama-dimmers emicu ye-LED afanele amalambu e-DC LED ane-voltage ephansi.

Wonke ama-dimmers esimanje amalambu e-LED asebenza ngomgomo we-PWM – ukulawulwa komugqa kade kwaphelelwa yisikhathi. Kubuye kunconywe ukusebenzisa izibani ezikhethekile ezenzelwe ukusebenza nge-dimmer.

Indlela yokukhetha amandla:

1. Fingqa umthwalo wawo wonke amalambu e-LED azoxhunywa nge-dimmer.
2. Engeza omunye u-20% enani elitholiwe.

Uma ama-dimmers angu-2 evuliwe kusekethe eyodwa, umthamo omkhulu ovumelekile wehliswa ngo-25%. Amamodeli amalambu angu-220 V ngokuvamile aklanyelwe umthwalo we-0.3-1 kW, we-low-voltage 12 V izibani – kufika ku-0.1 kW. Uma uthenga i-voltage regulator, kubalulekile ukucabangela imingcele yayo. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi i-dimmer nesibani se-LED akuhambisani. Noma iyiphi i-dimmer inomkhawulo othile we-voltage, okungenzeka akwanele ukulawula isibani esithile. Isibonelo, kukhona amalambu e-LED angavula futhi asebenze ku-5% wamandla awo. Uma ukhetha i-dimmer engalungile, izolungisa ebangeni lama-40-100%, okunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okufiphala.

Ukufakwa nokuxhumana

Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ekuxhumaniseni i-dimmer yamalambu e-LED. Okudingayo inkomba kanye nesikrudrayiva. I-voltage regulator ixhunywe ochungechungeni ngokushintsha. Kodwa ngokufaka kufanele ulungise. Uma isilawuli sinenketho yokuvula/ukuvala, sifakwa esikhundleni seswishi evamile yokuvula/yokucima. I-oda lokufaka:

1. Gcoba udonga nge-puncher noma i-drill nge-cylindrical drill. Sebenzisa izingcezu zedayimane noma ze-tungsten carbide bese ubhoboza odongeni ngemodi engenasando enikwe amandla. Imiqhele enamazinyo – ku-percussion.
2. Ukujula kwe-niche eboshiwe ilingana nokujula kwesokhethi, ububanzi bukhulu kancane. Ngeshizolo, khipha impahla ngaphakathi kwekhonta elibhoboziwe bese wenza imbobo engaboni.
3. Gcoba i-strobe odongeni nge-puncher noma i-chisel. Izoxhuma ibhokisi lokuhlangana kanye nembobo oyenzile.
4. Yenza i-groove kusuka ku-strobe kuya kwisibani. Eduze kwembobo, yijulise ngokugobile ukuze uyilethe odongeni olungemuva lwesokhethi.
5. Beka i-wiring kuma-strobes bese uwagcwalisa ngodaka.
6. Kusokhethi, cindezela ukhiphe ipulaki eceleni kocingo. Hola ucingo oluphuma odongeni lungene emgodini.
7. Faka i-alabaster encane noma udaka lukasimende emgodini bese ufaka isokhethi.
8. Susa i-insulation ezintanjeni eziphuma kusokhethi, hlubula iziphetho zezintambo bese uzixhuma kumatheminali atholakala ngaphakathi kwe-dimmer.
9. Songa ucingo njenge-accordion bese ubeka ingaphakathi le-dimmer kusokhethi. Khumula izikulufu bese wehlukanisa imilenze yesikhala. Zikulufi ezikulufini.
10. Xhuma iphaneli yangaphambili ye-dimmer kusokhethi.
11. Xhuma izintambo ku-luminaire futhi uhlole ukuthi isilawuli sisebenza kanjani.

Ochwepheshe abaningi bayeluleka ukubeka izintambo hhayi kuma-strobes, kodwa kuma-corrugations. Uma zisha, ngeke kudingeke ushaye izindonga.

Ividiyo yokufaka i-dimmer ingezansi:
Inqubo yokuxhuma i-dimmer ku-220 V:

1. Ungawucimi ugesi. Sebenzisa inkomba ukuze unqume isigaba. Lebula ucingo ukuze ungaluxubi.
2. Vala ugesi uqhubeke nokufaka.
3. Umlawuli ecaleni unezikhumulo “L” kanye “N”. Khipha isigaba ku-“L”, ziro – kuya ku-“N”.
4. Bamba izintambo ngokuqinile – dala oxhumana naye othembekile. Sebenzisa izikulufu zokulungisa ukuze uleveli umzimba we-dimmer, ulungise iphaneli futhi uhlole idivayisi.

Ukuxhashazwa

Ama-Dimmers asetshenziselwa ukulungisa izibani ezikhethekile ze-LED – ezifiphele. Izibani ze-LED ezijwayelekile azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nesilawuli se-voltage. Uma uxhuma isibani se-LED esingacimeki kusifiphali, sizolokoza kuphela, sikhanyise futhi sivale. Akunakwenzeka ukulungisa ukukhanya kwayo, kungase kushe. Izibani ezicimayo kulula ukuzibona ngezimpawu ezifanele emaphaketheni. Kukhona amalambu e-LED okukhona kuwo i-quenching capacitor. Zingalungiswa, kodwa ebangeni elincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke nazo azifanelekile ukusetshenziswa nge-dimmer. Ukwenza umqondo ekuthengeni isilawuli, sisebenzise ngezibani ezicimayo. Amathuba okusebenza kwama-dimmers:

• Ukuphathwa kusuka kumaphuzu ahlukene. Kukhona ama-dimmers ajwayelekile futhi ngokusebenzisa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ungakwazi ukulawula izibani ezivela emakamelweni ahlukene.
• Ukucisha okuzenzakalelayo. Ama-Dimmers ama-chandeliers nezinye izibani azikwazi ukwakhiwa kuphela ku-timer, kodwa futhi ahlinzekele ukuhlela. Bavunyelwe futhi ukuthi baxhumeke kuma-smartphones. Ngokuhlela izindlela zokukhanya ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zosuku, awukwazi ukuchitha isikhathi ekulungiseni.
• Isilawuli kude. Ikuvumela ukuthi ulungise ukukhanya kokukhanya ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene – ngezwi noma ngesilawuli kude.
• Ukulawula i-Wi-Fi. Ungashintsha ukukhanya kwekhaya lakho noma yikuphi emhlabeni. Lokhu bakwenza nge-smartphone, ithebhulethi, njll.
• Ukulungiswa kwezinga lokushisa lombala. Lapho ukukhanya kushintsha, umbala wemisebe nawo uyashintsha. Lapho kufiphala, ukukhanya okuvela ezibani kuyahluka. Izinga lokushisa lombala liyahlukahluka kusuka ku-2,700 K kuya ku-1,500 K – leli ibanga elilinganiselwe.

Abakhiqizi Abaphezulu

I-dimmer iyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esisezingeni eliphezulu esingakwazi ukugcinwa kuso. Amadivayisi ashibhile aseShayina awathembekile futhi angahluleka noma kunini. Abakhiqizi be-dimmer abadume kakhulu batholakala eNtshonalanga Yurophu.

I-Legrand

Le nkampani endala yaseFrance ibhekwa njengenye yezinhle kakhulu phakathi kwabakhiqizi bemikhiqizo kagesi. Lo mkhiqizo owaziwa kakhulu eRussia. Imikhiqizo ye-Legrand ithengiswa emhlabeni wonke.
Uhlu olubanzi luhlanganisa ama-dimmers kusukela kumamodeli wesabelomali kuya kusigaba se-premium. Izindleko zezinguqulo ze-rotary-push zingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-2-6. Amadivayisi ahlukile ekwakhiweni kwe-laconic kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu.

I-Schneider Electric

Lo mkhiqizi ungowabaseFrance. Le nkampani idume ngobunjiniyela bezogesi obusezingeni eliphezulu. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi ibeka imfashini namazinga ezimpahla zikagesi eYurophu. Lo mkhiqizo unamafekthri amaningi e-Russian Federation, futhi imikhiqizo yawo iyadingeka emhlabeni wonke.
I-Rotary ne-rotary-push dimmers evela ku-Schneider Electric, eyakhelwe ngaphakathi nangaphezulu, ingathengwa cishe ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-3-5.

I-ABB

Le nkampani imele ukukhiqizwa okuhlangene kwe-Swedish-Swiss futhi ingenye yezikhondlakhondla zobunjiniyela bukagesi. Inkampani ibisebenza emakethe ngekhulu lesibili leminyaka. Yethula ubuchwepheshe obuphambili futhi idayise imikhiqizo yayo emhlabeni wonke. Izindleko ezimaphakathi ze-ABB dimmers zingaba ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-9.

Indlela yokwenza i-dimmer ngezandla zakho?

Ngensimbi ye-soldering kanye namakhono amancane ekusebenzeni ngamasekethe kagesi, ungenza i-dimmer ngokwakho. Ku-amateur yomsakazo oqalayo, isibonelo, isifunda se-dimmer esilandelayo samalambu e-LED angu-220 V sifanelekile:
Umgomo wokusebenza kwesekhethi ozoyihlanganisa:

• I-voltage nge-rheostat eguquguqukayo isetshenziswa ku-capacitor;
• I-C1 inikeza inkokhelo eqoqiwe esibanini – izokhanya ngokukhanya okufanele.

Indlela yokuhlanganisa i-circuit:

1. Thatha ibhodi le-textolite bese udweba umdwebo wesifunda. Kufanele ikhombise ngokucacile indawo yazo zonke izingxenye.
2. Gcoba izimbobo ebhodini nge-drill encane – yemilenze ye-resistors, ama-capacitor nezinye izakhi zesifunda.
3. Faka imilenze yezingxenye zomsakazo emigodini, vula ibhodi bese uthengisa izingxenye. Ngokusho komdwebo, xhuma imilenze ngocingo lwethusi – ithatha indawo yamathrekhi endabuko.
4. Lapho zonke izakhi zithengiswa, hlola umjikelezo osebenzayo. Thatha i-cartridge enezintambo bese ugoqa isibani kuso. Xhuma izintambo kumdwebo. Uma isifunda sihlanganiswe ngendlela efanele, umlawuli uzosebenza ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-voltage.
5. Guqula iswishi yokumelana elungisekayo ngokwewashi nangokuphikisana newashi. Kulokhu, ukukhanya kwesibani kuzoshintsha. Lapho isilawuli sishintshelwa kwesinye sezikhundla ezidlulele, isibani sizocisha.

Ividiyo yokuhlanganisa isilawuli:
Wonke ama-twist kufanele afakwe insulated. Ungathinti izingxenye ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa – lokhu kuyingozi. Uma ikhaya lakho lingakabi nawo amalambu nemishini ye-LED, futhi usuzozifaka, cabanga ukufaka i-dimmer. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ungagcini nje ukunciphisa ukukhanya, kodwa futhi udale imiphumela ehlukahlukene yokukhanyisa lapho uhlobisa ingaphakathi.