Yintoni ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwezibane ze-LED?

Izibane ze-diode ezikhanyayo (i-LED) zibonakaliswe ngeeparitha ezininzi ezijongene nokukhanya okuphezulu kunye nokukhuselekileyo. Eli nqaku liza kuxubusha iimpawu eziphambili zezixhobo zolu didi, kubandakanywa ukuthelekisa ezokugqibela kunye nezibane zendabuko ze-incandescent, kwaye ziya kunika iingcebiso malunga nokukhetha izibane ze-LED zekhaya.

Yintoni flux ekhanyayo?

Ukuqukuqela okukhanyayo sisixa somzimba esibonakalisa inani leeyunithi “zokukhanya” zamandla ombane ohambelana nawo. Amandla okukhanya, wona, ngamandla adlula kwindawo ethile ngexesha elithile.

Ukubeka nje, umbane okhanyayo ngumbono omisela ubungakanani bokukhanya okukhutshwa ngumthombo (kwisakhelo senqaku, esi sixhobo sokukhanya), kunye nendlela le mitha yokukhanya ekhutshwa ngayo kwaye isasazwe kwindawo.

Amandla ombane okhanyayo kwaye ulinganiswa njani?

Xa uvavanya kwaye uthelekisa izixhobo zokukhanyisa, iyunithi enjalo yokulinganisa i-flux ekhanyayo njenge-lumen isetyenziswa. Le yiyunithi esisiseko yokulinganisa ekhutshwa ngumthombo, ukuhamba kokukhanya. Okwangoku, kuyimpazamo kwiingcali zokukhanyisa kunye nabasebenzisi ngokubanzi ukuvavanya izixhobo zokukhanyisa usebenzisa ingcamango “yokukhanya”. Eli gama alikho nje impazamo, kodwa liyakwazi ukulahlekisa, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kwizibane ze-LED.

Izibane zendabuko ze-incandescent zikhupha kwi-spectrum ebanzi kakhulu yomqondiso wokukhanya, ngelixa izibane ze-LED “zigubungela” kuphela inxalenye encinci yendawo yayo “eblue”. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, ukukhupha umlinganiselo othelekisekayo wamandla, umthombo we-LED ukhanya ngakumbi.

Ngokubhekiselele kwizibane ze-LED, ngamanye amaxesha ingcamango “yokukhanya” isetyenziswa (ibonakalisa ukuqina apho ukukhanya kuwela phezu komhlaba). Iyunithi eyamkelekileyo yokukhanyisa lux (lx).

Isixhobo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kwezibane ze-LED

Izibane ze-LED zokukhanyisa zihluke kuphela ngaphandle, isakhiwo sangaphakathi sezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ziphantse zifana. Ukukhanya kukhishwa ngokuthe ngqo kwii-LED, inani, amandla kunye nombala wemibala eyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimodeli.

Umgaqo wokusebenza kwesibane sokukhanyisa i-LED sisekelwe ekuguquleni i-voltage ehamba phambili yombane, ngokusetyenziswa kwesekethe yombane, ibe yinto eqhubekayo, eyona nto idla iikristale ezivuthayo.

Isixhobo sokukhanyisa i-LED sasekhaya sinezi zixhobo zilandelayo:

• I-diffuser yi-hemisphere ekhethekileyo eyenza ukusabalalisa kwaye isasaze ngokulinganayo ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimodeli, eli candelo linokwenziwa ngeplastiki ye-matte, ecacileyo okanye eguquguqukayo (ngaphandle kwezixhobo ze-fluorescent, apho kusetyenziswe into ekhethekileyo ebonisa ukukhanya).
• Ikristale ye-LED sisiseko sesibane se-LED sanamhlanje. Inani labo linokwahluka ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwishumi elinesibini – kuxhomekeke kuyilo, imilinganiselo, amandla, ubungakanani besinki yobushushu bemodeli ethile. Ingumgangatho weekristali ze-LED ezimisela iiparitha eziphambili zesixhobo kunye nokuqina kwayo, kuba ukuba i-chip enye iyasilela, isibane sinokulahlwa kude.
• Ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo – ekwenziweni kwayo, i-alloy ye-aluminium ekhethekileyo ye-anodized isetyenzisiweyo, evumela ukuba idibanise ngokufanelekileyo kunye ne-radiator, ikhuphe ukushisa.
• I-heatsink yimveliso ye-aluminium eyenziwe ngokukodwa evumela ukususwa ngokufanelekileyo kobushushu kwiikristale. Indawo yokususa ubushushu yeradiyetha iyanda ngenxa yobukho bamacwecwe amaninzi kumzimba wale nto.
• Umqhubi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesekethe, ngaphandle kokuba iikristale ze-LED ziya kutshisa nje. Iyunithi ilungisa, inciphisa kwaye izinzile amandla ombane ombane. Kukho abaqhubi abakude kunye nabakhelwe ngaphakathi – uninzi lwezixhobo zokukhanyisa ze-LED zendlu zixhotyiswe ngohlobo lwamva nje lwezixhobo ezifakwe ngokuthe ngqo kwindlu yesibane.
• I-capacitor licandelo lerediyo-technical eyongeza igudisa amaza ombane anikezelwe kwimatrix ye-LED.
• Isiseko sepolymer inxalenye yesiseko yinto eyimfuneko yokukhusela umzimba wesixhobo ekuqhekekeni kombane kunye nomntu ovela kumbane wombane xa utshintsha isibane.
• I- Plinth – inxalenye yokutshintsha enika uxhulumaniso kwiinqununu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isiseko senziwe nge-nickel-plated brass, ebonelela ngoqhagamshelwano oluthembekileyo kunye nefuthe lokuchasana ne-corrosion.

Kufanelekile ukuthetha ukuba kwizixhobo ze-LED, ngokungafaniyo nezibane zendabuko ze-incandescent, indawo yokufudumala ephezulu isekelwe ngaphakathi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, isibane se-LED sidinga ukupholisa okusebenzayo kwangaphakathi, okuphunyezwa ngendlela ye-radiator yokupholisa.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Kwiinkalo ezininzi, izixhobo ze-LED ziphezulu kunezibane ze-incandescent kunye neminye imithombo yokukhanya. Phakathi kweeparitha ezininzi zobugcisa bezibane ze-LED, ezininzi eziphambili zinokuhlukaniswa.

Isibane sesibane se-LED

Ngaphantsi kwamandla esixhobo se-LED, bathetha amandla ombane asetyenziswe kuwo kwinethiwekhi. Ukwenza kube lula ukuba umthengi ahambe, isalathisi esilinganayo sesibane se-incandescent siboniswa kwi-package yesibane se-LED.
Okwangoku, ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezilinganayo ezinjalo kuyahluka. Zinokukhanya okwahlukileyo kunye namandla okukhanya okuguquguqukayo.

Ukusasaza i-engile

Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwezibane ze-LED zasekhaya zihlakazekile kwi-angle ye-60 ° – 340 °. Izixhobo ezinepateni yemitha ebanzi engaphantsi zisetyenziswa kuyilo lokukhanyisa indawo, izibane zokukhanya. Izixhobo ezine-angle yokusabalalisa ngokubanzi zisetyenziselwa ukucwangcisa ukukhanya ngokubanzi. I-angle enkulu ye-dispersion ifumaneka kwizibane ezineefayili ze-LED. Isalathisi solu hlobo lwesixhobo sihambelana nezibane zendabuko ze-incandescent.

Yakha ukukhanya okukhanyayo

Ukukhanya kwesixhobo sokukhanyisa, okanye kunoko umlinganiselo wokukhanya okhutshwe yiyo, ubonakaliswa yiparameter efana ne “luminous flux”, njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ilinganiswe kwi-lumens. Isibane se-LED se-400 lumens siphantse silingane ne-40 watt incandescent isibane. Enyanisweni, kukho ukuthambekela kwabavelisi bezixhobo ze-LED ukuba baqikelele ngamabomu olu phawu. Iiparamitha ezikufutshane nenyani kwizixhobo ezithile zinokufunyanwa ngokuphonononga iziphumo zovavanyo oluzimeleyo.

Ubushushu obunemibala

Isibane se-incandescent esiqhelekileyo sikhupha ukukhanya okuthambileyo okuthambileyo okutyheli, ubushushu bombala obusondela ku-2750 Kelvin (K). Ngokufanelekileyo, isibane se-LED esinobushushu obufanayo bombala siya kunika ukukhanya okusondeleyo kwisibane sendabuko. Ubukhulu becala, izixhobo ze-LED zibonakaliswa ngubushushu bombala we-3000 K – ngokukhululeka ngokufanelekileyo kwamehlo, kodwa ukukhanya okumhlophe kancinci. Izibane ezinesalathisi se-3000 – 4000 K zifanelekile kwiiofisi. Izixhobo zokukhanyisa ezinokushisa kombala we-5000 K okanye ngaphezulu zifanelekile kuphela kumagumbi oncedo.

Ripple factor

Olu phawu lusebenza kuzo zonke izixhobo zokukhanyisa. Izixhobo ze-LED ezikumgangatho ophezulu zinomlinganiselo ophantsi kakhulu we-ripple factor, ongaphantsi kwamaxesha ama-3 ukuya kwe-5 kunezibane ze-incandescent. Ngokwalo mqondiso, izixhobo ze-LED zivumelekile ukuba zisetyenziswe kuyo nayiphi na indawo. Kwizibane ezingabizi kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo i-coefficient ye-ripple ayiboniswa, nangona kunjalo, ukuqina kwe-flicker kujongwa ngokulula usebenzisa ikhamera yefowuni. Xa kukho iiripples, imivimbo emnyama ibonakala kwisiboniso.

Amandla alinganayo

Kwipakethe yesibane se-LED, kukho ngokuqhelekileyo iparameter njengamandla alinganayo wesibane se-incandescent. Ngokomzekelo, ingaba nolwazi lokuba isixhobo se-LED sinamandla angama-5 W, alingana namandla wesibane se-incandescent se-40 W. Abavelisi abanonyameko kakhulu banokuba nenkohliso kwimeko yale parameters, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqale unikele ingqalelo kuphawu lokukhanya okukhanyayo kwesibane se-LED.

Umbane osebenzayo

Amandla ombane okusebenza asemgangathweni kwizibane zanamhlanje ze-LED yi-220 V (kwizinto eziphambili eziqhelekileyo) kunye ne-12 V (zokusetyenziswa kunye nombane). Le yokugqibela isebenza kuzo zombini ii-voltages ze-AC kunye ne-DC. Noko ke, ezinye zezi zibane, xa zisetyenziswa ngumthombo otshintshayo wangoku, zinokuba nomlinganiselo ophakamileyo oyingozi emehlweni.

Unikezelo lwesalathiso sombala

Isalathisi sombala we-spectral wesixhobo se-LED sihluke xa sithelekiswa nesibane se-incandescent. Inenxalenye yombala ozuba ngaphezulu. Isalathiso sombala wonikezelo (Ra), esichazwe ngumenzi wesixhobo, sibonakalisa ukufana komphakamo wawo wonke amalungu ombala. Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kunye nesalathiso esiphantsi (ngaphantsi kwe-80 Ra) ayithandeki emehlweni. Izibane ze-Incandescent kunye nokukhanya kwelanga banalo mqondiso kwingingqi ye-97 – 98 Ra, izibane eziphezulu ze-LED zingaphezulu kwama-80, imodeli nganye – iiyunithi ezingama-90. Ngokwenza, isalathisi sombala we-spectral sigqithiswa ngamabomu ngabavelisi abathile: xa ibhalwe kwi-Ra – 80 yokupakisha, ingaba ngama-75 okanye nangaphantsi kweeyunithi.

Ukulawula ukukhanya

Uninzi lwezibane ze-LED azisebenzi kunye nezixhobo ezimnyama ezilungiselelwe ukulungelelanisa ukukhanya kwezinto zokukhanyisa. Nangona kunjalo, izibane ze-LED zinokufumaneka kwiimarike esele zineyunithi ye-dimmer eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, okanye banokhetho lokuxhasa i-dimmers yangaphandle yezibane ze-incandescent okanye ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa izixhobo ze-diode.

Ukufudumeza kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu

I-flux ekhanyayo ye-LED iqondiswe kwicala elinye, ngelixa ubushushu buphuma kwelinye icala. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ingaphakathi lesibane se-LED kufuneka lipholile ngokusebenzayo. Ukwenza oku, isixhobo sokukhanyisa sixhotyiswe nge-radiator.

Iimpawu zokuthelekisa izixhobo ze-LED kunye nezibane ze-incandescent

Ukuthelekisa okubonakalayo kwezixhobo ze-LED kunye nezibane ze-incandescent, kufuneka ubhekisele kwitafile ekhethekileyo. Njengoko ubona, umahluko kusetyenziso lwamandla phakathi kwezi klasi zezixhobo ezinamandla afanayo ombane akhanyayo ubalulekile.

Kodwa eneneni, isibane se-5W ye-LED ayilingani ne-40W ye-incandescent bulb. Ukukhanya kwesixhobo se-LED kunokuba kude ne-400 lumens kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Oku, umzekelo, i-matte case, “idla” inxalenye yamandla ngumqhubi, ezinye izinto zombane, njl.

Imveliso yokukhanya

Enye yeeparitha ezibaluleke kakhulu ekubaleni iskimu sokukhanyisa kwegumbi kukukhanya kokukhanya kwesixhobo esixhonyiweyo. Olu phawu lulinganiswa ngeeLumens / Watts. Kwizibane ze-incandescent, ukukhanya okuvela kwi-8 ukuya kwi-10 lm / W. Kwii-LED, iparameter isuka kwi-90 ukuya kwi-110 Lm / W, kwaye kwiimodeli ezikumgangatho ophezulu – ukusuka kwi-120 ukuya kwi-140 Lm / W. Ngokwemveliso yokukhanya, izibane ze-LED zingcono ngamaxesha angama-8-10 kunezinye iindlela.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu

Xa uthelekisa ii-LED kunye nezibane zendabuko ze-incandescent, ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu babo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Iibhalbhu zeglasi zezibane ze-incandescent zifudumeza ukuya kuma-230 – 240 degrees Celsius, ngelixa isibane esinamandla se-LED sinokutshisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-45 degrees. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ezi zinto zokugqibela azikho ingozi yomlilo kwaye zinokuthi zifakwe kulo naliphi na igumbi, ngokungafani nezibane ze-incandescent, ezingakhuthazwa ukuba zisetyenziswe, umzekelo, ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zokhuni.

Ubomi bonke

Uphawu oluphambili oluthetha ngenzuzo yee-LEDs. I-matrix ye-LED inokusebenza iiyure ezingama-40,000, ngelixa isibane se-incandescent asifane sigqibe iiyure ezingaphezu kwewaka, eziphantse zibe ngama-40 ngaphantsi. Ngenxa yobulungisa, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amanani aphezulu anjalo ahambelana neemveliso ze-LED ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezivela kubavelisi abaziwayo. Iikristale ze-LED ezitshiphu zinomthombo ophantsi kakhulu.

ukusebenza kakuhle

Ukusebenza kwesibane yingcamango ebonisa ubungakanani bokukhanya okuveliswayo ngokumalunga nokuphuma kwe-thermal yesixhobo. Olu phawu lwezixhobo ze-LED lusondela kwi-90%, ngelixa, njengezibane ze-incandescent, isenzo esiluncedo siqikelelwa kwi-7-9 ekhulwini. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, zininzi kangakanani izixhobo ezikhanyisayo ze-LED xa kuthelekiswa nabalingane bemveli.

Ixabiso

Umbuzo ophikisanayo kakhulu yintoni enenzuzo yokusebenzisa: izibane ze-diode okanye izibane ze-incandescent? Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ezokuqala ziyi-odolo yobukhulu obubiza kakhulu, ixesha labo lokusebenza lilonke lidlula kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yokhetho lwesibini. Kwaye ukuba sithathela ingqalelo isalathisi esinjalo njengokugcina amandla, izibane zendabuko azinalo ithuba. Enyanisweni, nangona kunjalo, izinto azikho ngokucacileyo. Isixhobo se-LED, njengezinye iintlobo zezibane, sinokungaphumeleli kwangaphambili kunomda wobomi benkonzo (umzekelo, ngexesha lokunyuka kwamandla okanye utshintsho lweqondo lokushisa). Ukongeza, zikhanya zibuthathaka, ke abasebenzisi bahlala kufuneka bathenge kwaye bafake izibane ezongezelelweyo ze-LED.

Icandelo lokusingqongileyo

Izibane ze-LED eziqinisekisiweyo ziqulethe ipesenti encinci kakhulu yeekhemikhali ezinobungozi. Bona, njengezibane ze-incandescent, abafuni ukulahlwa okukhethekileyo. Kodwa oku akuthethi konke konke ukuba izixhobo eziphelelwe lixesha kufuneka zilahlwe kunye nenye inkunkuma yasekhaya. Izixhobo zokukhanyisa zinganikezelwa, umzekelo, kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo zokuqokelela.

Iingcebiso zokuKhetha ibhalbhu ye-LED

Ukukhetha isibane esihle se-LED akuyona into elula. Ngamanye amaxesha, nakwabavelisi abadumileyo behlabathi, kukho iimeko ezinomgangatho ophezulu we-pulsations okanye kunye neeparitha zokukhanya zokukhanya ezigqithisiweyo ngokumalunga namaxabiso okwenene. Ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo zisekelwe kumava asebenzayo kubasebenzisi kunye neziphumo zeengcali ezizimeleyo. Isibane esilungileyo se-LED kufuneka sihlangabezane nezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• i-ripple factor – akukho ngaphezu kwe-30%;
• unikezelo lombala – isalathisi 80 nangaphezulu;
• inqanaba le-flux elikhanyayo – lihambelana nexabiso lokukhanya kokukhanya kwesibane se-incandescent;
• i-angle yokukhanyisa eyamkelekileyo – akukho ngaphezu kwama-50 degrees;
• ukuba kuyimfuneko, inkxaso yokutshintsha kunye nesalathisi;
• ukuba kuyimfuneko – inkxaso yobumnyama.

Ukongeza, akuyi kuba yinto engafanelekanga ukugxila kula manqaku alandelayo:

• Faka isandla sakho phantsi kwesibane sesibane. Ukuba ulusu lune-gray tint, isixhobo sisebenzisa ii-LED ezinombala ophantsi wokunikezela.
• Nokuba ubona igama elithi “akukho ripple” kwiphakheji, oku akuthethi ukuba i-flicker ayikho ngokupheleleyo. Ngokunokwenzeka ixabiso layo liphakathi kwe-5%.
• Ukuba kunokwenzeka ukukhanyisa isibane, khomba ikhamera ye-smartphone evuliwe kuyo. Ukuba awuboni nayiphi na imivumbo, ukulungiswa kwe-LED kunomgangatho ophantsi wokutshiza.
• Swayipha usiba lomthombo phambi kwesibane esikhanyisiweyo. Ukuba into iphindwe kabini okanye iphindwe kathathu, umthombo unezinga eliphezulu lokubetha.
• Ukukhanya kwesibane se-LED kunokujongwa kusetyenziswa usetyenziso olukhethekileyo lwemitha yokukhanya kwi-smartphone yakho ye-Android.
• Musa ukuthenga imveliso kunye nomhla wokukhululwa we-3 iminyaka okanye ngaphezulu. Kungcono ukhethe ukhetho lwanamhlanje.
• Khetha isibane se-LED kunye nexesha elide lewaranti (iminyaka emi-3-5).
• Nceda ugcine irisithi yakho ukuze ukwazi ukubuyisela okanye ukutshintshiselana ngento ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Izibane ze-LED zihluke kwizibane ze-incandescent zakudala kwiimpawu ezininzi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo ngamandla, i-angle ye-dispersion, i-flux ekhanyayo, ubushushu bombala kunye ne-ripple factor. Xa ukhetha isibane se-LED, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo ekukhanyeni kunye nokushisa kwesixhobo, ixesha layo lewaranti, ukusebenza kakuhle, amandla alinganayo, i-voltage yokusebenza kunye nesalathisi sombala.