Indlela yokwenza i-strip ye-LED ekhaya?

Kulula ukwenza umtya we-LED ngezandla zakho, ngokuthathela ingqalelo izinto ozikhethayo. Ukwenza oku, khetha izinto eziyimfuneko kunye nezixhobo, uze ulandele imiyalelo yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo yokuvelisa kunye nokudibanisa imveliso.

Izinto eziyimfuneko kunye nezixhobo

Ukwenza i-strip ye-LED yakho, uya kufuna iseti efanelekileyo yezixhobo kunye nezixhobo. Inokwahluka ukuba naziphi na izinto ezingekhoyo okanye ngokusekelwe kukhetho lomntu. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, ezi zinto zilandelayo ziya kufuneka:

• Imichilo ye-textolite okanye i-getinaks . I-foil textolite (i-flexible strip efakwe nge-copper sputtering) iya kunceda kakhulu emsebenzini. Ukuba ii-chips ze-LED (ii-LED ze-SMD) zisetyenzisiwe, ngoko zinokuthengiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-textolite ye-foil, eya kunceda ukulahla imingxuma yokubhoboza kunye ne-soldering iingcingo ezongezelelweyo.
• Diodes . Kungcono ukuba i-voltage yokusebenza ye-LED ibe ngaphantsi kwe-3 volts. Ungasebenzisa i-diodes ejikelezileyo ngemilenze okanye ngendlela yeechips ngokuhambelana neteknoloji yokuvelisa. Ngokomzekelo, ii-LED ezijikelezayo – ezimhlophe ezicacileyo 3014UWC, 5AW4QC, 10003UWC, ARL2-3214UWC (umenzi ARLIGHT); I-SMD diodes – BL-LS3014A0S1UW2C (eyenziwe yi-Betlux Electronics), KA-3528PWC-A (eyenziwe yi-Kingbright). Inani elipheleleyo le-diode lichaphazelekayo ngumbane wombane wombane (12, 24 V) kunye nokukhethwa kokukhanya. I- tape ye-RGB enemibala emininzi idinga ii-diode zemibala emithathu (obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza), kwaye xa usebenzisa ii-diodes ze-SMD, ungasebenzisa ii-LED ze-RGB ezinemibala emithathu.
• Ukuchasa (i-resistors) . Nciphisa umthamo wangoku ohambayo kwii-LEDs. Ukuchasana okufunekayo kubalwa ngokusebenzisa umthetho we-Ohm (R = U / I). Ukusebenzisa umzekelo, unokucinga ukubalwa kokuchasana kwe-resistor xa ii-diode ezintathu ze-3 V kunye ne-20 mA zixhunyiwe kwichungechunge ukusuka kumthombo wangoku we-12 V. Kule meko, kunye ne-voltage epheleleyo ye-9 V, umda. ye-3 V iyimfuneko, ukubalwa kokuchasana okufunekayo kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-formula: 3 V yahlulwe nge-20 mA (0.02 A). Ngenxa yoko, i-resistor ye-150 ohm iyafuneka.
• Iingcingo kunye naliphi na icandelo lomnqamlezo, kodwa ngokukhethekileyo akukho ngaphezu kwe-0.35 yeemitha zesikwere. mm . Ukusebenzisa iingcingo ezityebileyo neziqinile kuya kuba lula ukusebenza.
• Ityhubhu yokunciphisa ubushushu . Yenza itheyiphu ibe mnandi ngakumbi kwaye yenza imisebenzi yokugquma.
• Iziqwenga ezenziwe kwiibhotile zeplastiki okanye izinto ezifanayo . Isetyenziselwa ukutshintsha umbala okhutshwe ziidiode.
• I-sealant okanye i-compound (i-resin) . Sebenzisa ukuba ufuna ukutywina isilungiso ukwenza kube mhlophe ukumelana nokufuma.

Kwinkqubo yokwenza umtya we-LED, uya kufuna ezi zixhobo zilandelayo:

• isinyithi esine-rosin kunye ne-solder;
• i- drill okanye i-cutter (yokusika i-getinax okanye i-textolite), ungasebenzisa isikere esiqhelekileyo;
• i- screwdriver okanye i-drill ene-drill encinci, kodwa ungayifaka endaweni yabo nge-awl eqhelekileyo;
• isakhiwo dryer iinwele okanye lighter rhoqo ukufudumeza ityhubhu shwabanisa ubushushu.

Ukwenziwa komcu we-LED

Kunzima kakhulu ukukopa ngokuchanekileyo umcu we-LED owenziwe ngumzi-mveliso. Le yibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo enesiseko esiguquguqukayo, apho i-diode ene-resistors ye-SMD ifakwe khona. Kwi-workshop yasekhaya, endaweni yezi zinto, ungasebenzisa i-textolite strip kunye nee-LED ezilula. Kufuneka wenze oku kulandelayo:

1. Zoba ingqiqo.
2. Ngokwe-voltage elinganisiweyo kunye nangoku kwee-LEDs, zidibanise ngokulandelelana ngokwamaqela kunye ne-resistor yokunciphisa yangoku.
3. Ukuguquguquka kwe-tape, kuyimfuneko ukubeka i-textolite ngokwahlukileyo kwimigangatho. Udinga kuphela ukushiya umaleko phezulu kunye nengubo yobhedu.
4. Sika umtya obubanzi obuyi-6mm ukuze kube lula ukulungisa iitshiphusi ze-LED kwaye ugqume imicu.
5. Ukusebenzisa irula kunye nepensile, yenza iimpawu zibe ngamacandelo amabini alinganayo ka-3 mm.
6. Nge-cutter okanye i-drill, yinqumle umcu kunye nomgca ukuya kubunzulu bomgangatho wobhedu ubude obupheleleyo. Kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ubude kunye nobubanzi bemicu, okwaneleyo ukulungiselela zonke izinto zesekethe kubo.
7. Ngaphambi kokuthengisela amacandelo amabini, kuyimfuneko ukugubungela umcu nge-flux.
8. Ngentsimbi ye-solder, kufuneka ugubungele iinxalenye ezimbini nge-solder, kodwa ungavumeli ukuba i-solder iqhube kumgca osondeleyo. Kwezi mikhondo zimbini ziziphumo, iitshiphusi ze-LED ziya kunyuswa.
9. I-Solder i-diode chips ngentsimbi ye-soldering ngendlela ehambelanayo kwingoma nganye. Namathisela diode kumqolo kumgama olinganayo omnye komnye. Xa usenza umtya we-RGB, tshintsha imibala yeediode ngelixa zilungiswa.
10. Xa usebenzisa i-3-12 V ye-LED strip, i-resistors yokukhawulela kufuneka isetyenziswe. Kufuneka zibekwe emacaleni, phakathi kweediode, okanye ngasemva ngokwemiqathango yendawo.
11. Solder imicu ukudibanisa umcu wediode.
12. Iingcingo ze-solder.
13. Ukwenza isixhobo sibonakale sinobuhle ngakumbi, faka iiteyiphu zediode kwityhubhu yokunciphisa ubushushu obucacileyo kunye nomtya osikiweyo ophuma ebhotileni (jonga kwicala elingasemva).
14. Fudumeza ityhubhu yokunciphisa ubushushu ngesomisi seenwele ukutsala onke amalungu ndawonye.
15. Ukuba ufuna ukwenza isakhiwo se-aquarium, kufuneka itywinwe ekupheleni kwe-silicone sealant, eya kwenza imveliso ingangeni manzi.

Bukela isifundo sevidiyo ekwenzeni umcu we-DIY LED: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0_pw67W60U

Ukufakela kunye noqhagamshelwano

Ukuqhagamshela umgca we-LED yinkqubo elula. Ngombane osebenzayo wesixhobo esenziweyo se-12 V, uya kufuna
umbane oguqula i-220 Volt variables kwi-outlet. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlonipha i-polarity. Xa usebenzisa umbane oqhelekileyo, kwigalelo kufuneka uvule isigaba kunye ne-zero kwi-outlet, kwaye kwimveliso – ucingo olubomvu “+”, blue “-“. Ukuba ufuna ukulawula umgangatho wombala, i-dimmer idityaniswe phakathi komcu kunye nomthombo wamandla (ukuqwalasela i-polarity). Isakhiwo esigqityiweyo silungiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• sebenzisa izixhobo zeplastiki;
• isakhiwo kwi-tube yokunciphisa ukushisa ifakwe nge-tape enamacala amabini;
• i-textolite strip evuzayo ifakwe kwi-self-tapping screws okanye i-screws ngokusebenzisa imingxuma yangaphambili;
• usebenzisa i-silicone sealant okanye izikhonkwane zolwelo.

Ukuba i-tubing yokunciphisa ukushisa ayisetyenziselwa ukunamathisela i-tape, i-sealant engathathi hlangothi kufuneka isetyenziswe.

Ungasebenzisa iphrofayili ekhethekileyo ye-aluminium, ehlanganiswe ngezikhonkwane eludongeni, kwaye i-tape sele ifakwe kuyo.
Iiprofayili zemigca ye-LEDzincediswa yi-plastic diffuser efihla i-diodes kwaye igalelo ekudaleni ukukhanya okukhanyayo okufanayo. Abavelisi bafaka abalandeli ngaphakathi kombane onamandla, onokuthi ube ngumthombo wengxolo kwaye uya kuphazamisa kakhulu. Kwimeko enjalo, ukunikezelwa kombane kususwa kwelinye igumbi apho kungayi kudala ukuphazamiseka. Jonga imiyalelo eneenkcukacha yokudibanisa kunye nokufakela umgca we-LED ngezandla zakho: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKWm6RBg6wM Umtya we-LED ozenzele wona unokuba yindawo epheleleyo yemveliso egqityiweyo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko zithandeka ngakumbi. Xa ufaka i-strip ye-LED, amanyathelo okhuseleko kufuneka aqwalaselwe kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuchithwa kwenxalenye okanye ngokupheleleyo kufuneka kubonwe kwangaphambili.