Ziziphi izibane ezisezantsi ze-LED?

Izibane ze-LED zomgca zikuvumela ukuba uququzelele ukukhanya kwindlu okanye kwiofisi ngokuhambelana neemfuno zangoku. Ezi zilungiso ezinoqoqosho kunye neziguquguqukayo zingasetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa ngokubanzi okanye ukukhanya kwendawo.

Ziziphi izibane ezisezantsi ze-LED?

Ezi zibane zimela iklasi ye-LED-izibane, eziye zatshintsha namhlanje ii-bulbs ze-incandescent ezivela kusetyenziso lwemihla ngemihla kwaye ziphawule ngokubonakalayo abo bakhuphisana nabo – izibane ze-fluorescent. Uphawu lwabo luyilo olungqongqo olukuvumela ukuba ungene kuyo nayiphi na ingaphakathi. Izibane ze-LED ezizibane zizibane ezinde zodwa. Zinomzimba omde okwimilo ye-paralelepiped. Esi sixhobo esilula sele sifumene isicelo esibanzi kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nemveliso. Ngoncedo lwabo, izakhiwo, indawo, iindawo zokusebenza kwiiofisi, iikhabhinethi, iikhikhini zikhanyiswa.
Imigca ye-LED ifunwa kakhulu kwi:

• amaziko emfundo;
• amathala eencwadi;
• iindawo zokutyela;
• iindawo zokuzilolonga
• iigaraji;
• iihotele;
• iivenkile kunye namaziko okuthenga;
• amadama.

Iiluminaires zomgca zihluke omnye komnye kuyilo kunye nezinye iiparameters. Ukukhetha iimodeli ezifanelekileyo, baququzelele iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhanyisa – zikhanyisa igumbi lonke, indawo eyahlukileyo kunye nento ethile yangaphakathi.

Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo

Izibane ze-LED zomgca ziyinto entsha kwindlela yokukhanyisa. Ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngokubanzi kulinganiselwe mhlawumbi ngenxa yokunqongophala kolwazi lwabathengi ngeenzuzo ezinkulu zezo zibane.
IiPros:

• Ukuguquguquka. Ifanelekile ukuphunyezwa kwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye neengcamango.
• Ukukhanya okungenamthunzi. Nasiphi na isixhobo sokukhanya kwendawo, kubandakanywa ne-chandeliers, yenza amabala okukhanya. Iimodeli zomgca zikhanyisa igumbi ngokulinganayo ngaphandle kokushiya izithunzi.
• Ukhuseleko. Ayiqulathanga izinto eziyityhefu (imercury). Ikhuselekile ebantwini nakwimekobume. Zivumelekile ukuba zilahlwe kunye nenkunkuma eqhelekileyo.
• Ukumodareyitha. Izibane ezininzi zenziwe ngendlela yeemodyuli. Zihlanganiswe ngendlela ethile, zifezekise ii-accents zokukhanya ezifunwayo.
• Ukukhanya okusemgangathweni. Ichasa ngokulinganayo kwaye iphakathi, ikhuselekile kangangoko kwiliso lomntu kunye nenkqubo ye-nervous. Ayitshisi okanye idlikize.
• Ukuthembeka . Ulwakhiwo lwezindlu kunye nazo zonke ezinye izinto zolwakhiwo ziyakwazi ukumelana nokungcangcazela.
• Ukubandakanywa okukhululekile. Akukho xesha lichithwe ngokulayita. Isibane sikhanyisa ngokukhawuleza, ngokukhawuleza sifikelela ekukhanyeni okusetiweyo.
• Ubude benkonzo. Ingumyalelo wobukhulu obude kunobomi bezibane ze-incandescent. Ubomi obuqikelelweyo benkonzo buyiminyaka eyi-12 okanye iiyure ezingama-50,000-100,000 (kuxhomekeke kumenzi).
• Iyagcina. Ibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, okonga kumatyala ombane. Umgca we-LED-luminaires unciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo nge-80-90% xa kuthelekiswa nezibane eziqhelekileyo ze-incandescent.
• Umbono ochanekileyo wezinto. Iphunyezwe ngenxa yokunikezelwa kombala obalaseleyo kunye nokukhanya okuphezulu (120 Lm/W).
• Ubushushu obubuthathaka c. Imigca ye-LED ikhupha ubushushu obuncinci, obuvumela ukuba basetyenziswe ngokudibanisa ne-lining kunye nokwelula iisilingi.
• Ukukhetha ubushushu bokukhanya. Abasebenzisi bangakhetha kwiinketho ezintathu – ukukhanya okufudumeleyo, okungathathi hlangothi kunye nokupholileyo.

Ngenxa yeempawu zoyilo lomzimba, i-luminaires yomgca iyamelana phantse nazo zonke izinto ezimbi – ubushushu obugqithisileyo, ukufuma, uxinzelelo lomatshini.

Imigca ye-LED ayifuni i-adapters, ixhunyiwe ngokuthe ngqo kwinethiwekhi ye-220 V.

Ukungalungi kwesibane somgca:

• Inokusilela ngenxa yokuhla kwamandla ombane. Umbane owakhelwe ngaphakathi awusigcini isixhobo ngexesha lokunyuka okubalulekileyo. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa iibhloko ezongezelelweyo zokukhusela.
• Xa unikezelo lwamandla lusilela, kufuneka utshintshe isixhobo sonke, kuba sisixhobo esinye esifakwe kwizinto zombane.
• Ifuna ukuchithwa kobushushu. I-substrate apho ii-LED ziqhotyoshelweyo zijongene nayo. Ukuba izibophelelo zaphukile, imingxunya inokuthi yenze ukuba ithintele ukuchithwa kobushushu okuqhelekileyo, okukhokelela ekungasebenzini kwesixhobo.

Yila

I-LED ye-linear luminaire, njengezinye izixhobo zokukhanyisa, iqulethe iindawo ezine eziphambili – into ekhupha ukukhanya, umbane kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa, ebekwe kwindlu.

into ekhupha ukukhanya

Umthombo wokukhanya zii-LED eziqaqambileyo. Kwisixhobo esinye, inani labo lifikelela kumashumi amaqhekeza. Amandla okukhanya okukhanyayo kunye nobukhulu besibane kuxhomekeke ekubeni zingaphi iidiode ezifakwe kwimodyuli. Ubukhulu be-LED buvela kumaqhezu e-millimeter ukuya kwiisentimitha ezininzi. Ziqhotyoshelwe kwiintambo ezixande – iimodyuli. Esikhundleni se-diode, i-micro-matrices ingasetyenziswa, ebandakanya ezininzi ii-LED ezingenasiphako – amashumi kunye namakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kweematriki kunokunyusa kakhulu ukukhanya okukhanyayo ngaphandle kokunyusa ubukhulu be-luminaire. I-matrix, equlethe malunga nekhulu le-mini-diode, enemilinganiselo ye-LED eqhelekileyo, iyayidlula ngamandla ngamaxesha amaninzi.

Ukunikezwa Amandla

Le nodi ikwabizwa ngokuba ngumqhubi. Sisixhobo sombane esintsonkothileyo kwaye sibonelela ngemodyuli ye-LED enenqanaba lombane elifunekayo. Ii-LED zizinto ezibuthathaka kwaye zisengozini ye-semiconductor. Ukutsiba okuncinci kwinethiwekhi kwanele ukuba bangaphumeleli. Yeyiphi imisebenzi esonjululwa ngumqhubi we-LED:

• Ukunciphisa amandla ombane (220 V) kwixabiso elifunwa yi-matrix.
• Iguqula amandla ombane e-AC abe yi-DC. Zonke izinto zediode, ezisebenza ngokutshintshana ngoku, ziqhuba kuphela umjikelezo wesiqingatha somqondiso. Le ndlela yokusebenza ayifanelekanga, iyadingeka ukunika amandla iidiode ngokuchanekileyo ngoku.
• Uzinzisa okwangoku kwinqanaba elifunekayo kwi-matrix ethile.
• Icinezela ingxolo ye-impulse kunye ne-high-voltage surges eyenzekayo kwinethiwekhi.

Inkqubo yokupholisa

Kukho uluvo lokuba imithombo yokukhanya esebenza kwizinto ze-semiconductor ayishushu. Kodwa ukuba ubeka isandla sakho kumzimba wesibane, osebenze imizuzu emininzi, uya kubona ukuba kukho ukufudumeza. Ukususa ukushisa kwi-LED-izixhobo, ii-radiator zifakwe. Izinto zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu zineembambo zomhlaba kwaye zenziwe ngesinyithi. Zihlala zibekwe ngaphandle kwesixhobo. Iimodyuli ezine-diode zifakwe kwii-radiator. Ukuba ityala lenziwe ngetsimbi, i-radiator ayisoloko ifakwe, ekubeni i-casing ngokwayo yenza indima yayo.

Gcina iindawo ezingaphandle zezibane ze-LED zicocekile ngokuzivuthulula ubuncinane kanye ngenyanga. Ngaphandle koko, umaleko wothuli uphazamisa ukupholisa kwee-LED, kwaye zinokutshisa.

Isakhelo

Amandla omatshini wesixhobo kunye nobude bokusebenza kwayo kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wale nto. Umzimba unamalungu amabini – i-casing kunye ne-diffuser glass. Ukulungiswa kwe-recessed, umzimba ufihliwe, ngoko akukho mfuneko zikhethekileyo kuwo. Ukulungiselela izixhobo ezingaphezulu, umzimba kufuneka uhambelane nengaphakathi legumbi. Iglasi – emhlophe okanye ecacileyo, i-polycarbonate okanye i-plain. I-casing yenziwe ngentsimbi okanye iplastiki. Inketho engcono kakhulu yi-aluminium, isusa ukushisa kakuhle, ukukhusela imodyuli ekushiseni. Iimeko zeplastiki zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zoyilo. Kucetyiswa ukuba ubeke ingqalelo kula manqaku alandelayo:

• akufuneki kubekho umdlalo (isithuba esikhululekileyo phakathi kwamalungu);
• ubukho bemingxuma elinganayo kwixabiso elifanelekileyo.

Ziziphi izibane ze-LED ezinemigca?

Zonke iiluminaires zomgca zinemilo emide eqhelekileyo kwaye zikhazimla ngokulinganayo kubo bonke ubude. I-angle apho ukuhamba kuchithwa kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zoyilo kunye ne-100-180 degrees. Ngokwendlela yokuqinisa, izibane zihlukaniswa:

• Ikona. Le mizekelo ifakwe kwii-niches, iikona zamagumbi, phantsi kweetafile zebhedi okanye iishelufu. Zikwasetyenziselwa ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi. Babona ngokujikeleza iikona kwaye bandise indawo.
• Ifakwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo zakhiwe kwisilingi okanye iindonga. Iglasi ekhupha ukukhanya ihlala ibonakala emehlweni. I-luminaire ayisebenzisi umthamo wasimahla wendawo, njengoko ibuyiselwe ngokupheleleyo kumphezulu. Akunakwenzeka ukushumeka isixhobo kuzo zonke izixhobo. Umzekelo, kuyingxaki ukuyibeka kwimigangatho yesamente.
• Umphezulu. Izibane ezinjalo zibonakala ngokupheleleyo. Zifakwe kwiindonga, iisilingi okanye nayiphi na enye indawo. Inzuzo yale mizekelo kukuba kulula ukuyifaka.
• Inqunyanyisiwe. Zifakwe kwi-suspensions, ubude bayo buhluke. Ngombulelo kulo mgaqo wofakelo, akunakwenzeka kuphela ukulungelelanisa ukukhanya okusemgangathweni ophezulu, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukucandwa kwegumbi, kodwa kunye nokongeza iinkcukacha ezinomdla ngaphakathi.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yokuncamathela, iimodeli ziyahlukaniswa:

• isilingi;
• ifacade;
• udonga.

Kukho iimodeli apho ubukhulu bokukhanya buguquka ngokutshintsha.

Ukufakela kunye nokudibanisa izibane ze-LED zomgca

Izibane ezisetyenziselwa ukunweba okanye iisilingi ezimisiweyo zifakwe kwiibhokisi ezilungiselelwe ngaphambili ezingaphumeleli ngaphaya kwezakhiwo. Olu seto lunika umphumo wokukhanya okusasazekayo. Ekhitshini, izibane zihlala zixhonywa kumatyathanga okanye izibambi. Esi sisombululo senza umphumo wokukhanya, okubonakala ngokuhambelanayo kwi-high-tech kunye ne-minimalist yangaphakathi. Ukufakela isibane uya kufuna:

• ii-screwdrivers ezimbini – flat kunye ne-cross-shaped;
• isixhobo sokususa i-insulation;
• iipliers.

I-luminaire yomgca idibaniswe njengesibane esiqhelekileyo se-LED esijikelezayo. Ukuyihlohla:

1. Layiza ii-wiring eziphilayo. Qinisekisa ukuba ujonge umgangatho wokufakwa kwayo.
2. Faka isixhobo ngokohlobo lwaso. Qinisekisa ukuba isibane sigxininiswe ngokukhuselekileyo.

Umzobo woqhagamshelo lwe- LED luminaire:
Ividiyo ekufakelweni kwe-LED linear luminaires ilapha ngezantsi: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inZ9d5D3U1o&feature=emb_logo

Imigaqo yokusebenza

Izibane ze-LED zomgca zibhekwa njengezixhobo ezinokuthenjwa, kodwa ukuze zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo, zifake ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye zilandele imigaqo yokusetyenziswa. Ukufakela kunye nokusebenza:

• Ukunyuswa kunye nokudilizwa kuqhutywa ngokucinywa kombane ongundoqo.
• Izixhobo ze-LED ze-linear zixhunyiwe kumbane okumgangatho ophezulu ngaphandle kokuhla ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunyuka kwamandla. Iimodyuli ze-LED zinconywa ukuba zixhunywe kwi-220 V ngokusebenzisa i-adapters zenethiwekhi eziye zakhusela ukhuseleko.
• Jonga rhoqo uxhulumaniso lombane kunye nokunyaniseka kwe-wiring. Isibane kufuneka singavulwa ukuba kukho umonakalo.
• Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa izibane ezinomonakalo womatshini kwi-casing okanye iglasi yokukhusela. Ngaphambi kofakelo, khangela ingqibelelo yezindlu.

Indlela yokukhetha isibane se-LED?

Xa ukhetha izibane ze-LED zomgca, zikhokelwa yimpawu zabo zobugcisa. Iiparameters zezixhobo ze-LED zihluke kakhulu kwezo zibane ze-incandescent, ngoko azicacanga kumsebenzisi ongaqeqeshwanga.

Umenzi

Namhlanje kwintengiso unokufumana izibane ezivela kubavelisi basekhaya, baseTshayina nabaseNtshona. Ezokugqibela zibiza kakhulu, kodwa zithembisa umgangatho ophezulu. Xa uthenga into enjalo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengezibane ze-LED, kuya kuba luncedo ukuba uqale uziqhelanise nenkampani yokuvelisa.

I-Voltage

Umbane wokubonelela udla ngokuboniswa njengoluhlu apho umenzi aqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazanyiswa kwesixhobo. Ukuba isixhobo sithi “ukusuka kwi-176 ukuya kwi-264 V”, oku kuthetha ukuba ijongene nayo nayiphi na ithontsi xa ixhunywe kwinethiwekhi ye-220 V, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo alilahleki ukukhanya. Uluhlu olubanzi lwee-voltages zegalelo ngenxa yobukho bomqhubi. Izibane ze-LED zinokuxhaswa yi-AC/DC 220V/12V.

Amandla

Amandla ezibane ze-LED kunye nezixhobo ngumyalelo wobukhulu obungaphantsi kunezinye iintlobo zezixhobo zokukhanyisa. Kukho itafile yokuthelekisa kwipakethe, ngokubhekiselele apho umsebenzisi unokugqiba ukuba yiyiphi amandla esibane se-incandescent esihambelana nesibane se-LED. Ekuthengiseni kukho izibane ezinqamlekileyo ezinamagunya ahlukeneyo: 4, 6, 8, 16, 18, njl. Umzekelo, isibane se-8 W LED sihambelana nesibane esiqhelekileyo se-60 W.

Ubushushu obunemibala

Esi sibonakaliso sikwabizwa ngokuba ngumbala wokukhanya kwaye umisela umthunzi we-backlight. Ubushushu bombala bulinganiswa ngeedigri zeKelvin. Ihambelana nombala wentsimbi evuthayo kumaqondo athile okushisa. Okukhona ixabiso liphezulu, kokukhona ukukhanya kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kwiiofisi kunye neendawo zoluntu, izibane ezinokushisa kombala ophezulu zikhethwa – ukusuka kwi-4,500 K. Banceda ukudibanisa ingqalelo yomntu, isimo sakhe sengqondo somsebenzi. Kwiindawo zokuhlala, iimodeli ezinamazinga aphantsi zithathwa – malunga ne-3,600 K. Banika i-tint ethambileyo ephuzi.

Ukuqaqamba

Ubungakanani bokukhanya ekuxhomekeke ekukhanyeni kwesibane kuthiwa yi-luminous flux. Esi salathisi silinganiswa kwiilumens (lm). Ukukhethwa kuqhutyelwa ngabanye, kugxininise ekuthelekisweni nezibane ze-incandescent. Ngokomzekelo, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwe-luminaire ye-220 lm kuhambelana nokusebenza okukhanyayo kwe-bulb ye-incandescent ye-25 W eqhelekileyo. Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwe-415 lm kuhambelana nesibane se-incandescent se-40 W, njl.

Umgangatho wokhuseleko IP

Xa ukhetha isixhobo, qwalasela izibonakaliso zobugcisa zesixhobo esithile kunye neemeko ekufuneka ziqhutywe phantsi kwazo. Iqondo lokukhuselwa kwesixhobo kumswakama kunye nemizimba yangaphandle inquma i-IP index. Ukuphakama kwayo, isibane sithembeke ngakumbi. Ukufakwa ngaphandle kunye namagumbi anomswakama ophezulu, iimodeli ezine-coefficient yokukhusela umswakama we-IP 65 okanye 67. Izibane ezine-IP ephantsi zifanelekile kwizindlu zasekhaya kunye neendawo zokuhlala, iiofisi kunye namaziko.

Injongo

Injongo yezixhobo zomgca zichongwa ngumgangatho womswakama kunye nokukhusela uthuli. Zonke iimodeli ezinikezelweyo zohlulwe zibe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu – kwisitrato nangaphakathi. Eyangaphambili ibonakaliswe ngokunyuka kwe-IP. Zonke iimodeli ezinikezelweyo ziyilelwe ngokukodwa:

• iindawo zolawulo (ii-ofisi, amaziko oshishino, amaziko emfundo);
• izibane zesitalato;
• iivenkile kunye nee-hypermarkets;
• iindawo zokuhlala.

Imilinganiselo

Akukho migangatho malunga nemilinganiselo yezixhobo ze-LED, ngoko khetha ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kwaye uzilungiselele indawo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa ufaka iimodeli ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Ixabiso

Izinto ezininzi zichaphazela ixabiso lesibane – amandla, inani le-diode, umenzi (i-brand), iqondo lokukhuselwa komswakama, njl. Iimodeli zesitrato zibiza kakhulu, zibiza umyinge we-ruble ye-1,100-1,800. Izibane zekhaya kunye neofisi zincinci, unokufumana iimodeli ngexabiso le-ruble ye-200-300. ipisi.

Ukungasebenzi rhoqo

Izibane ze-LED zibhekwa njengezixhobo ezithembekileyo ezenzelwe iminyaka emininzi yokusebenza, kodwa ukuba iimeko zokusebenza ziphulwa, ziyasilela. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle okunokwenzeka:

• Ukusilela komqhubi. Ayixhomeki ukulungiswa. Kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha isixhobo sonke.
• Isichasi somda esaphukileyo sangoku. Ibangela ukukhenkceza kwesibane, esicaphukisa amehlo.
• Ukungaphumeleli kwe-Capacitor. Isibane asicimi.

Ukuba i-capacitor okanye i-resistor itshiswe kumbane, zama ukulungisa isixhobo. Kodwa okokuqala, khangela ixesha lewaranti yokusebenza – kunokwenzeka ukuba isixhobo sinokunikezelwa kwinkonzo. Izizathu zokophuka:

• Iziphene zokwenziwa kwemveliso. Ngokuqhelekileyo ifumaneka kwizixhobo ezivela kubavelisi abangenalayisenisi. Iimveliso ezinophawu nazo ziyaphuka, kodwa kancinci kakhulu.
• Ukothuka kunye nokungcangcazela. Abasoyikisi i-semiconductors ngokwabo, kodwa bayayonakalisa umqhubi. Ukunyaniseka kwesakhiwo kunye nokuqina kwee-LED kwibhodi kunokuphulwa.
• Ubushushu bomqhubi. Yenzeka ngokungabikho kokungena komoya ophezulu okanye ngenxa yoluhlu lothuli oluphazamisa ukususwa kobushushu.

Abavelisi abadumileyo

Ukuze ungenzi iphutha ngokukhethwa kwezibane kwaye ungachithi imali, kungcono ukuzithenga kwiimpawu ezivavanywe ngexesha. Kukho iinkampani ezininzi kwimarike yaseRashiya esele ifumene udumo njengomenzi othembekileyo.

Lucide

Olu hlobo lwaseBelgium luthathwa njengenkokeli yemarike yaseYurophu ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20. I-Lucide iphumelele ngokukodwa kwintsimi yoyilo lokukhanyisa kwaye igxininise ekukhanyeni kwangaphakathi. Inkampani ivelisa izibane ezifanelekileyo kwizinto zangaphakathi zanamhlanje kunye neziphezulu.
Zonke iimveliso zeLucide zinezatifikethi zomgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Uluhlu lubandakanya izibane zeeofisi, iindawo zoshishino kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Imveliso iyahlukaniswa ngokubonakala kwayo kwe-laconic kunye nokuthembeka.

Inkwenkwezi

Le yinkampani yaseNtaliyane evelisa izibane ukususela ngo-1998. Ikho kwimarike yaseRashiya ukususela ngo-2001. Ivelisa izixhobo zokukhanyisa ezikumgangatho ophezulu wokukhanyisa kwangaphakathi. Iimveliso zenziwe kusetyenziswa izinto ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo.
I-Lightstar luminaires ikhona kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu kunye nezona zinqwenelekayo. Zisetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa ukukhanya kweehotele ezintsha, amaziko oshishino kunye nezinye izibonelelo ezinkulu. Uluhlu lwenkampani luhlaziywa rhoqo ngokumalunga noyilo kunye nobuchwepheshe.

Iglobhu

Inkampani yase-Austrian i-Globo yasungulwa ngo-1998. Izibane zayo zithembekile kwaye ziyasebenza, njengabalingani baseJamani, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo lihle kwaye lihle, njengezibane zaseNtaliyane.
Izibane ze-Globo ze-LED phesheya naseRashiya zincinci kuneemveliso zabakhuphisana nabo. Ngelo xesha, inkampani iphakathi kweenkampani ezintlanu eziphezulu zaseYurophu kwintsimi yezixhobo zokukhanyisa. Ukunikezelwa ngamathuba anikezelwa yi-linear LED luminaires yokulungelelanisa izibane, sinokuthi ikusasa lezo zixhobo zifutshane. Bazisa isimbo esitsha sokukhanyisa esingenakufezekiswa kunye nezinye iintlobo zezibane.