Iindidi zeesekethe zomqhubi kunye nokudibanisa kwayo

Ukukhetha umqhubi wesibane se-LED kwaye, kwikamva, uyifake ngokuchanekileyo, kufuneka uziqhelanise nemizobo efunekayo kunye neeparitha. Isixhobo esikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo asiyi kwandisa kuphela ubomi bemveliso, kodwa sikugcina imali.

Isixhobo sesibane se-LED

Iimodeli zesibane se-diode zaqala ukubuyisela ezisemgangathweni. Ziyabiza, kodwa iiparitha zabo zobugcisa ziphezulu kakhulu kwiimodeli eziphelelwe lixesha. Ukuqonda indlela abasebenza ngayo, kufuneka ukwazi isixhobo sesibane se-LED.
Iqulethe izinto ezi-5 ezidityaniswe kwimeko enye:

• I-Plinth –  i-element efakwe kwi-socket ye-chandelier okanye esinye isibane. Ikhutshelwe:
  • ukusetyenziswa ekhaya screw uhlobo E27 kunye E14, ezenziwe ngobhedu kunye nickel anti-corrosion ukutyabeka;
  • kwezinye iimfuno, imithombo yokukhanya enesiseko sephini iveliswa.
• Umqhubi  – into ezinzisa i-voltage engenayo kunye nokutshintsha i-alternating current ukuya ngqo. Ikwabonelela ngamandla kwi-LED. Ibandakanya iinxalenye ezi-3:
  • iimicrochips;
  • i-pulse transformer;
  • ii-capacitors.

• I-heatsink yinto esusa ubushushu kwaye ibonelela ngee-LEDs ngobushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza. Ngokuqhelekileyo yenza inxalenye ebonakalayo yomzimba.
• I-diffuser yi  “cap” ecacileyo enceda ukuhambisa ukukhanya esithubeni. Yenziwe ngendlela ye-hemisphere yokusabalalisa izibane zokukhanya kwi-angle ebanzi. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo yi-polycarbonate okanye iplastiki. Ikhusela uthuli kunye nokufuma ekungeneni kwindlu. Ukunciphisa ubukhali bokukhanya kunye nokunciphisa umphumo ocaphukisayo emehlweni, le nto ifakwe nge-phosphor ngaphakathi. Oku kuphumeza ubushushu bombala obufana nokukhanya kwendalo.
• I- LED yiyona nto isebenzayo yesibane, ngenxa yokuba ukukhanya kubonakala. Kukho iitekhnoloji ezi-4 eziphambili zokuhlanganisa iitshiphu:
  • Itekhnoloji ye-SMD yeyona ixhaphakileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. I-crystal ibekwe phezu kobuso besixhobo sokukhanya;
  • I-DIP – into yokukhanya iqukethe i-crystal enamandla e-1, phezu kwayo i-lens iqhotyoshelweyo;
  • I-Piranha – abathandekayo beshishini leemoto, kukho abafowunelwa aba-4;
  • Itekhnoloji ye-COB sisikimu soqhagamshelo lwe-chip ye-LED ephezulu, eyona ndlela ikhuselweyo ekushiseni kakhulu kunye ne-oxidation.

Kwiimveliso ezingabizi kakhulu, kusenokungabikho umqhubi; endaweni yoko, umbane ufakiwe, ongaboneleli ngoku okanye ukuzinziswa kombane.

Iindidi zeesekethe zomqhubi kunye neempawu zazo

Abavelisi ubukhulu becala bavelisa abaqhubi kwiisekethe ezidibeneyo (ICs) ezikuvumela ukuba usebenzise amandla ombane ophantsi. Zonke iziguquli zokukhanya kwe-LED ezikhoyo ngoku zahlulwe zibe:

• idalwe ngesiseko se-1÷3 transistors – elula;
• ngeetshiphusi ezinePWM – ezintsonkothileyo.

Umzobo we-wiring yomqhubi we-LED oqhelekileyo:
Ukudibanisa kumandla ombane kunye nenani le-LED kuyo lichaphazela umbane wokuphuma. Isixa sangoku ekufuneka umqhubi akhuphe ngokuthe ngqo kuxhomekeke kumandla ewonke kunye nokuqaqamba kwemitha yabo. Amandla angabalwa ngokusebenzisa ifomula: P = P (ikhokelwe) × n, apho:

• I-P(led) bubuchule bento enye;
• n linani lezinto ze-LED.

Amanqaku abalulekileyo:

• Ireyithingi yangoku iyona parameter iphambili kuyo nayiphi na i-LED. Ukuyijongela phantsi, siphulukana nokuqaqamba, kwaye siyixabisile, sinciphisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo.
• Umbane onikwe kwidatha yedatha kwi-LED awugqibeki kwaye ubonisa kuphela ukuba zingaphi iivolthi eziya kuhla kumdibaniso we-pn xa ukugeleza kwangoku okulinganiselweyo. Intsingiselo yawo kufuneka yaziwe.
• Ukuqhagamshela ii-LED ezinamandla aphezulu, inkqubo yokupholisa ekumgangatho ophezulu ibalulekile. Xa ufaka ii-LED ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla angaphezu kwe-0.5 W kwi-radiator, umsebenzi ozinzileyo wexesha elide uya kuqhubeka.

Ukuqhagamshela ii-LEDs kumqhubi:

Qinisekisa ukuba uthathela ingqalelo umbala womthengi xa ubala, njengoko ichaphazela ukuhla kwamandla ombane.

Ngokomgangatho womqhubi, zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezi-3:

• umgangatho ophantsi, usebenze ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingamawaka angama-20;
• ngeeparamitha eziqhelekileyo – ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingamawaka angama-50;
• umguquli, oquka amacandelo eemveliso ezaziwayo – iiyure ezingamawaka angama-70 nangaphezulu.

Nge-capacitors ukunciphisa i-voltage

I-Capacitor C1 ikhusela uphazamiseko lwee-mains, kwaye i-C4 igudisa ama-ripples. Okwangoku i-current isetyenzisiweyo, i-resistors ezi-2 – i-R2 kunye ne-R3 – inqumle kwaye ngexesha elifanayo likhusele kwisiphaluka esifutshane, kwaye i-VD1 element iguqula i-voltage alternating. Xa unikezelo lwangoku luyeka, i-capacitor ikhutshwe ngoncedo lwe-resistor R4. I-R2, i-R3 kunye ne-R4 ayisetyenziswa ngabo bonke abavelisi.
Amaminithi:

1. Ukutshiswa kweDiode , ekubeni ukuzinza kokunikezelwa kwangoku akubonwa. Umbane womthwalo uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumbane wokubonelela.
2. Akukho ukuhlukaniswa kwe-galvanic , kukho umngcipheko wokutshatyalaliswa kombane. Akukhuthazwa ukuba uthinte izinto ezikhoyo ngoku ngexesha lokuchithwa kwezibane, njengoko ziphantsi kwesigaba.
3. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukufezekisa imisinga yokukhanya okuphezulu , kuba oku kuya kufuna ukunyuka kwe-capacitances ye-capacitors.

Ngomqhubi wentshukumo

Ikhusela ekunyukeni kwamandla kunye nokuphazamiseka kwinethiwekhi. Umzekelo yimodeli yeCPC9909. Ukusebenza kakuhle kufikelela kwi-98% – isalathisi apho umntu anokuthetha ngokwenene malunga nokongiwa kwamandla kunye nokonga.
Isixhobo sinokuthi sinikwe amandla ngokuthe ngqo kwi-voltage ephezulu – ukuya kwi-550 V, ekubeni umqhubi uxhotywe nge-stabilizer eyakhelweyo.Isekethe ibe lula, kwaye ixabiso liphantsi.

I-microcircuit isetyenziswe ngempumelelo ekuphuhliseni umbane ongxamisekileyo kunye ne-backup lighting networks, njengoko ifanelekile kwi-boost converter circuits.

Ekhaya, ngokusekelwe kwi-CPC9909, izibane ezisebenza ngebhetri okanye abaqhubi abanamandla angadlulanga kwi-25 V bavame ukuhlanganiswa. Ngokomzekelo, i-chip ye-MAX16833 ine-input voltage range ye-5 ukuya kwi-65 V, ngelixa i-MAX16822 inoluhlu lwe-voltage ye-6.5 ukuya kwi-65 V. Ezinye ii-chips zikuvumela ukuba usete i-frequency yokuguqula ukusuka kwi-20 kHz ukuya kwi-2 MHz. I-MAX16801 kunye ne-MAX16802 abalawuli bomqhubi we-LED bakuvumela ukuba uyile i-DC/DC converter ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10A yokuphuma okwangoku. Uninzi lwabaqhubi be-LED bakuvumela ukuba ukhethe eyona topology yesekethe eyona ilungileyo yokusebenza okuphezulu.

Ngomqhubi ocimayo

I-dimmer isetyenziselwa ukutshintsha ngokufanelekileyo ukuqina kwesibane. Enye yeeparamitha eziphambili ngamandla. Inani eliphezulu lezibane ezixhunyiwe kuyo kuxhomekeke kumandla. Ukulungelelanisa ukukhanya kwezixhobo zokukhanyisa kukuvumela ukuba ubeke umgangatho ofunekayo wokukhanyisa kwigumbi. Ikhululekile:

• xa udala imimandla eyahlukeneyo;
• ukunciphisa ukukhanya kokukhanya emini;
• ukuqaqambisa izinto zangaphakathi.

Bahlulwe ngokwamaqela ngokohlobo lolawulo:

• oomatshini
• iqhosha lokutyhala;
• kude.

Ngoncedo lwe-dimmer, ukusetyenziswa kombane kuba nengqiqo ngakumbi, kwaye ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo sombane buyanda.

Kukho iintlobo ezi-2:

• Ngolawulo lwe-PWM. Zifakwe phakathi kwesibane kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla. Amandla anikezelwa ngohlobo lwee-pulses zexesha elahlukileyo.
• Umbono we-2. Zisetyenziselwa izixhobo ezinozinzo lwangoku kwaye zichaphazela umthombo wamandla ngokwawo.

Isibane se-LED se-e14 esingenakucimeka sikulungele ukugqiba iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo. Ukujamelana nokusebenza komthombo wokukhanya. Zifunwa kakhulu ngabathengi. I-14 yi-diameter yesiseko sesibane, esichazwe kwiimilimitha. Namhlanje, ezi bulbs zifumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• ibhola
• ithontsi;
• ikhandlela
• imashurumi.

Umzobo wokudibanisa umqhubi wee-LEDs

Kukho iintlobo ezi-3 zoqhagamshelwano, makhe sijonge umzekelo ngabathengi aba-6. Ilahleko yabo yombane yi-3 V, ukusetyenziswa kwangoku yi-300 mA:

• iyahambelana;
• ukuhambelana
• ngokulandelelana ngo2.

Iindidi eziphambili zeskimu:

• Microchip esekelwe. I-PT4115 inepini eyahlukileyo yokulawula ukuphuma kunye nokuphuma kwee-LEDs. Ukusebenzisa le pin, unokufumana lula umqhubi we-LED ocimayo. Umqhubi ongenakucimeka ufunyenwe ngokutshintsha inqanaba elinokubakho kwi-DIM pin (ukuqhuba umqhubi oqhubekayo), okanye ngokusebenzisa i-pulse signal yomjikelezo womsebenzi ofunekayo kuyo (imodi ye-pulse ene-stroboscopic effect). Kwimeko yokugqibela, izinga eliphezulu lokuphindaphinda i-pulse yi-50 kHz.
• Ukuvula okugudileyo kwee-LEDs, ukuba i-capacitor ixhunyiwe phakathi kwe-DIM pin kunye nomhlaba. Ixesha lokufikelela ekukhanyeni okuphezulu kuya kuxhomekeka kwi-capacitance ye-capacitor, inkulu, isibane siya kuvutha, ngokulandelanayo.
• Nge-dimmer rhoqo yombane. Isebenza ngenxa yokuba ngaphakathi kwi-microcircuit iphini ye-DIM “itsalwe phezulu” kwibhasi ye-5 V nge-resistor ye-200 kΩ. Xa i-slider ye-potentiometer ikwindawo yayo ephezulu, i-voltage divider ye-200 + 200 kΩ yenziwe kwaye ikhono le-5/2 = 2.5 V lenziwe kwi-DIM pin, ehambelana nokukhanya kwe-100%.
• Ngaphandle kwegalvanic yodwa . Ilula kwaye inokuthenjwa. Isahluli sisekelwe kwi-capacitance. I-electrolytic capacitor igudisa ama-ripples emva kokulungiswa. I-L7812 yi-stabilizer ngokwayo.

Abaqhubi bayilelwe ukuba bagudise konke ukuhamba kwangoku kwisixokelelwano sombane. Ukhetho lwabo okanye ukuzimela ngokwabo kufuneka kufikelelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kuphela emva kokubala zonke iiparamitha ezifunekayo. Izikimu zomqhubi ziya kukunceda ukhethe isixhobo esifanelekileyo kwaye usifake ngokuchanekileyo.