Iimpawu kunye nokudibanisa kwe-12 volt izibane ze-LED

Ngokuphuhliswa kobunjineli bombane, isibane sendabuko se-incandescent asiseyona ndlela yodwa yokukhanyisa ekhaya. Izibane ze-12V ze-LED ziye zafumana ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabathengi. Ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokuthembeka, baye batshintsha izixhobo zombane zakudala.

Isixhobo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kwezibane ze-LED

Izibane ze-light-emitting diode (LED) zisebenza kumbane we-12 V kwaye zineenxalenye ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo kwindlu enye.

Qwalasela imiba ephambili:

• I-Plinth. Ifakwe kwisokethi ye-chandelier okanye esinye isibane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwasekhaya, isiseko se-screw seentlobo ze-E27 kunye ne-E14 ziveliswa. Ubukhulu becala zenziwe ngobhedu, kunye ne-nickel-plated anti-corrosion coating.
• Umqhubi. Into ezinzisa amandla ombane angenayo. Iguqula i-AC ibe yi-DC ukunika amandla i-LED.
• Iradiator. Icandelo elidala ukushisa okwamkelekileyo kokusebenza kwee-LEDs. Ezona zixhaphakileyo yi-aluminiyam kunye ne-composite, zibhajethi kwaye zisusa ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu.
• I-Diffuser. “Ihood” ecacileyo enceda ukwahlula ukukhanya kwindawo. Iveliswe ngendlela ye-hemisphere ukuze isasaze ukukhanya kwi-engile ebanzi. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo yi-polycarbonate okanye iplastiki. I-diffuser ikhusela uthuli kunye nokufuma ekungeneni kwindlu.
• ii-LEDs. Icandelo eliphambili elisebenzayo lesibane. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwediode, ukukhanya kubonakala.

Isixhobo sesibane se-LED:

Indlela yokusebenza isekelwe kwiinkqubo zomzimba kwi-semiconductors. Ukukhanya kubonakala emva kokuhamba kwamandla ombane ngomda wokudityaniswa kwee-semiconductors ezimbini, enye yazo kufuneka ilawulwe ngama-electron ahlawuliswa kakubi, kwaye enye i-ion ehlawulwe kakuhle.

Ngenxa yoko, ukukhanya kubonakala emehlweni. Ukongeza ekukhanyeni, kukho nokukhululwa kobushushu, okukhutshwa kwi-LED usebenzisa i-radiator.

Iinkcukacha zeebhalbhu ze-LED ze-12V

Kukho izinto ezininzi zobugcisa kunye nokusebenza kwezibane ze-12 V. Uluhlu lwezona ziphambili:

• Ubushushu obunemibala. Ukusebenza kwayo kuluhlu lwe-2700-6500 K. Xa isibane sisebenza, ukukhanya okubandayo (okumhlophe) okanye okufudumeleyo (okuphuzi) kugqwesa.
• Ukuqina. Ubomi obuqhelekileyo bezinto zokukhanyisa ziiyure ezingama-50,000.
• Amandla. Esi salathisi siyimfuneko ukubala ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kokukhanyisa kwigumbi okanye kwisakhiwo ngokubanzi. Kuzo zonke iintlobo zezibane ze-LED, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuyahluka ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-25 watts.
• Ubukho bomqhubi. Njengomthetho, abavelisi benza izibane ze-LED kunye nomthamo omkhulu we-voltage – umzekelo, i-150-250 V. Ngoko ke, ezo zixhobo aziyingozi kumaconsi amakhulu ombane.
• Isalathiso sokuhamba kokukhanya. I-LED ngokwayo inokukhokelela kuphela kwi-radiation kwicala elinye. Ukuba isixhobo sokukhanyisa kufuneka sikhanyise yonke into ejikeleze ngokulinganayo, kuba oku kuyimfuneko ukubeka i-diffuser eyenziwe nge-polycarbonate efriziwe phambi kwe-LED.
• Ukukwazi ukulungisa ukukhanya. Ukulawula umgangatho wokukhanyisa, i- dimmer isetyenzisiweyo (isixhobo esenza amandla ngendlela yeepulses). Ngokutsho kwe-pulse frequency, ukukhanya kutshisa mnyama okanye kukhanye ngakumbi.

Iintlobo zezibane ze-LED kunye neziseko zazo

Ngoyilo, imithombo yokukhanya ye-LED yahlulahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezininzi. Zezi zilandelayo:

• izixhobo eziqhelekileyo – ezisetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa izakhiwo zoshishino, kunye nendawo yokuhlala;
• Izibane ze-LED ezinokukhanya okujoliswe kuyo – zifakwe kwizixhobo zombane, ezisetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa iindawo zezakhiwo kunye ne-landscape;
• izibane zomgca – zinesiseko esifanayo kunye ne-fluorescent, ekuvumela ukuba utshintshe ngokukhawuleza umthombo omnye wokukhanya kunye nomnye.

Xa udibanisa imithombo ye-LED kumgca wombane kunye ne-voltage ye-220 V, kufuneka inikwe amandla ombane, okhethiweyo ngokuqwalasela injongo yezixhobo.

Iindidi zobonelelo lwamandla:

• Ukutywinwa – kusetyenziselwa ukufaka izibane kwindawo yokuhlambela, i-sauna, njengokukhanya kwesitrato.
• I-Leaky – eyenzelwe ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwendlu kunye nesalathisi esiqhelekileyo sokufuma.
• Ngokupholisa okusebenzayo – kuxhotyiswe ngefeni ukunyusa amandla kunye nokunciphisa ubungakanani.
• Ukupholisa okungapheliyo – i-heatsink isetyenziselwa ukususa ubushushu.

Iimpawu eziphambili zombane:

• Amandla.
• imveliso yangoku.
• Imveliso yombane.

Ukuze imithombo yokukhanya ye-LED ilingane neskimu sombane esele sisetyenzisiwe sezindlu, zixhotyiswe ngeziseko ezizikrufu. Njengenye indlela kwizibane ze-halogen, izibane ezineziseko zeepini ziveliswa.

Iindidi eziphambili zeeplinth zichazwe kwitheyibhile:

Ubushushu obunemibala

Ekukhanyeni kwemithombo yokukhanya ye-LED, nokuba yi-wavelength eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye ebomvu kunye ne-yellow predominates. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, zihlulwe zibe zibandayo kwaye zifudumale, ngokulandelanayo.

Ubushushu bombala bunoluhlu olubanzi:

• ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2800 K – ukukhanya okufudumele okuphuzi kunye ne-tint ebomvu;
• 3000 K – ukukhanya okumhlophe okufudumele kunye nophuzi;
• I-3500 K – ukukhanya okumhlophe okungathathi hlangothi kwendalo;
• 4000 K – emhlophe ebandayo;
• 5000-6000 K – emini;
• 6500 K nangaphezulu – imini ebandayo kunye ne-tint bluish.

Amandla kunye nombane osebenzayo 

Ukufunda iipropathi ezisebenzayo kwipakethe yemveliso, uninzi lujolise kumaxabiso osetyenziso lwamandla kunye nombane osebenzayo.

Isalathisi samandla sibalulekile xa kubalwa ukusetyenziswa kombane ngokupheleleyo. Izibane ze-LED ziveliswa ngamandla ahlukeneyo, ngokuhambelana nenjongo yazo. Ngokomzekelo, ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-watts ye-20 yanele indlu, izibane ezingaphezulu kwamandla, malunga nama-watts angama-25, zifunekayo ukukhanyisa isitalato.

Esinye isalathisi esibalulekileyo yi-voltage yokusebenza. Umthombo wangoku unokuba yinto eqhubekayo okanye eguquguqukayo, kodwa i-voltage ye-LED idinga isigxina – 12 V. Umqhubi unoxanduva lomsebenzi wabo, owuguqulela kwinethiwekhi kwisalathisi esifunekayo.

Zisetyenziswa phi izibane ze-12V ze-LED?

Ngenxa yombane ophantsi wonikezelo kunye nenani elikhulu leentlobo zesiseko, ii-volt ze-LED eziyi-12 ziyi-universal. Zingasetyenziselwa:

• ukukhanya ngokubanzi (ii-12 ze-volt ze-LED ze-chandeliers), kubandakanywa nezo zakhiwe kwiisilingi ezilula (izibane ze-LED);
• ukukhanya kokuhlobisa – kwangaphandle nangaphakathi (iindawo ezikhanyayo).

Iibhalbhu ze-Automotive ze-LED ziluhlu oluhlukeneyo, olunokufakwa phantse kuzo zonke izixhobo zokukhanyisa isithuthi. Isibane se-LED se-12v senzelwe ii-cornices, ifenitshala, iifestile zeevenkile, imithombo, iindlela zegadi, iibhedi zeentyatyambo. Idityaniswe ngokulula kwizakhiwo:

• iiphaneli;
• iibhodi zezaziso;
• iibhodi zemiqondiso.

Amandla ombane aphantsi anika izixhobo ezongeziweyo zokhuseleko lombane kunye nomlilo, ezivumela ukuba zisetyenziswe kula magumbi alandelayo:

• amakhitshi;
• amagumbi okuhlambela;
• iisaunas;
• amachibi, kubandakanywa nokukhanyisa ngaphantsi kwamanzi;
• iindawo zokugcina iimpahla;
• amagumbi angaphantsi;
• ngaphandle ngaphandle kwamanyathelo okukhusela akhethekileyo kunye ne-wiring ngokunyuka kwe-insulation.

Umzobo wocingo lwe-12 V izibane

Ukudibanisa kufana nezibane ze-incandescent kunye ne-fluorescent – kufuneka uchithe i-cartridge kwaye ujike isibane kuyo. Ukuba ufuna ukudibanisa imithombo emininzi yokukhanya kwe-LED, ngoko ke iinketho ezimbini zokudibanisa zinokwenzeka: i-serial kunye ne-parallel.

uqhagamshelo lweserial

Ifuna inani elincinci leengcingo, kodwa ayifane isetyenziswe. Isizathu soku zezi ntsilelo zilandelayo:

• xa ibhalbhu enye ivutha, yonke isiphaluka iyasilela;
• izibane azisebenzi ngamandla apheleleyo, ekubeni xa uqhagamshelwe kuthotho, i-voltage ishwankathelwe.

Iskimu silula kakhulu:

1. Khokela isigaba ukusuka kwibhokisi yokuhlangana ukuya kutshintshi.
2. Ukusuka kwitshintshi, yolula isigaba kwisibane se-LED.
3. Xhuma ucingo olungathathi hlangothi kumnxeba wesibini wesibane sokugqibela kwisiphaluka.
4. Tsala ucingo lwesigaba ukusuka kwizibane ukuya komnye.

Uqhagamshelwano olunxuseneyo

Inzuzo ephambili kukuba i-voltage efanayo isetyenziswe kuzo zonke ii-bulbs kwisekethe. Xa kwenzeka ukutshiswa, kuphela umthombo wokukhanya ongaphumelelanga uphuma kwisiphaluka, ekulula ukuwutshintsha.

Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela umzuzu wokudibanisa kwazo zonke izinto. Amaxesha amaninzi, ibhloko yeterminal isetyenziselwa oku. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isigaba sinikezelwa kwii-jumpers zayo, kwicala elingasemva, iingcingo zixhunyiwe, zolula ukusuka kwiibhubhu zokukhanya.

Umzobo wocingo:

Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo

Ukutshintshela kwizixhobo zokukhanyisa eziqhagamshelwe kumthombo wamandla ombane ophantsi, kufuneka ufunde iingenelo zabo kunye nokungonakali. Phakathi kwezinto eziluncedo zezi zilandelayo:

• Ukhuseleko. Ukusetyenziswa kwezibane ze-LED kwizixhobo ze-12V kwandisa izinga lokukhusela kunye nokuphelisa ukutshitshiswa kombane.
• Ukhuseleko lomlilo. Iingcingo ezine-voltage eziphantsi azikwazi ukuba ngumthombo wokutshisa kwaye zibangele umlilo.
• Iyagcina. Xa usebenzisa lo mthombo wokukhanya wegumbi, ukusetyenziswa kombane kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, iindleko zemali yokuhlawula amatyala ziyancipha.
• Ubuhlobo bendalo. Uyilo alusebenzisi izinto ezithi, ngexesha lokusebenza kwesixhobo, zikhuphe izinto ezinobungozi kwimpilo yabantu okanye yezilwanyana.
• Ukuthembeka. Izibane zichasene kakhulu nomonakalo womatshini: imikrwelo, iitshiphusi, njl.

Ukungalungi kwezibane ze-LED ezenzelwe i-12V ziquka:

• Imfuno yeyunithi yokubonelela ngombane (PSU). Ubukho bomqhubi ozinzayo kunye nokunciphisa amandla ombane ukusuka kwi-220 ukuya kwi-12 V idibanisa i-wiring, iyanciphisa ukukhanya kokukhanya, kwaye ngenxa yoko ikhonkco elongezelelweyo elibuthathaka livela kwisekethe, enokusilela.
• Ukukhanya okukhazimlayo. Amandla okukhanya okukhanyayo kwesibane esiqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi ye-low-voltage ichaphazeleka ngokuhla kwamandla ombane. Oku kungenxa yokusetyenziswa kwangoku ngakumbi.

Umthombo wokukhanya we-LED okhethwe ngokufanelekileyo uya kusebenza ixesha elide. Ngoku eyona nto ingathandekiyo yezibane ziindleko zabo eziphezulu, kodwa ngophuhliso kunye nokuphuculwa kobuchwephesha, ziya kufumaneka esidlangalaleni kubo bonke abathengi.

Izibane ze-LED ze-12 volt zingabizwa ngokuba yinto eyamkelekileyo kakhulu kumthengi. Banazo zonke iimpawu eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo nangempumelelo ixesha elide. Abavelisi babonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi, ukuvumela wonke umntu ukuba azikhethele eyona ndlela ilungileyo.