Kutheni isibane se-LED sidanyaza kunye nendlela yokusombulula ingxaki?

Ukukhenkceza kunye nokudanyaza kwezibane ze-LED akukhona nje ukungathandeki kwamehlo, kodwa kuyingozi. Izizathu zento engathandekiyo zilele zombini kumgangatho ophantsi wezibane ze-LED kunye nefuthe lezinto zangaphandle. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, kubalulekile ukufumanisa imbangela ye-flicker kwaye uyisuse.

Iimbangela zokuqhwanyaza xa iswitshi ivuliwe

Ukuba isibane se-LED sihamba ngokukhawuleza emva kokutshintsha, ngoko kukho ingxaki kwi-diagram ye-wiring. Phakathi kwezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokudanyaza kwe-LED kukufakwa komgangatho ombi. Ukuba abafowunelwa kunye nezinto zesekethe azilungiswanga ngokukhuselekileyo, iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zinokuthi zenzeke ngexesha lokusebenza, kubandakanya ukubetha.

Xa udibanisa ikhebula, qwalasela i-polarity – ngokumakisha umbala weengcingo. Xa ufaka izibane kwizakhiwo ezindala, sebenzisa i-multimeter ukucacisa isigaba kunye nabaqhubi abangathathi hlangothi. Ukuba i-wiring ayilunganga, kukho inani elincinci lombane kwisekethe ebangela ukuba isibane sikhanye.

Emva kokukhanyisa, izibane ze-LED azikwazi ukufiphaza kuphela, kodwa ziphinde zivutha ngokwaneleyo. Ukuba isibane se-LED sikhanya kancinane, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile kukujonga inqanaba le-voltage kwinethiwekhi ngokudibanisa esinye isibane kuso.

Umbane ophantsi

Ukulinganisa i-voltage kwiinqununu, sebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokulinganisa – i-multimeters okanye i-voltmeters. Ukuba ixabiso kwi-215-225 V livela kwisalathisi / isikali, ngoko yonke into ilungile. Ukuphambuka kwe-5 V akubalulekanga.

Ngaphantsi kwe-200 V okanye ngaphezulu kwe-230 V ibonisa iingxaki nge-voltage ye-mains kwaye ifuna isisombululo esikhawulezayo. Qhagamshelana neengcali – kwiofisi yezindlu okanye umbutho ojongene nokugcinwa kwamanethiwekhi ombane. Iingcali ziya kulinganisa kwaye zilungelelanise ukusebenza kwe-transformer kwisikhululo esingaphantsi.

Ukuba iqela lokulungisa alikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-voltage ihlangabezana neemfuno ze-PUE, kuyimfuneko ukubandakanya i-limiter yangoku okanye i-voltage stabilizer kwisiphaluka.

Ukungafaneli kakuhle kokucoca

Kwizibane ezishibhile zaseTshayina, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zasekhaya, umqhubi ogcweleyo wakhiwe ngesiseko sesekethe elula. Ukungonelanga kokucoca isibane kubangela ukudanyaza kwesibane se-LED:

1. Umqhubi unebhulorho ye-diode D1-D4. A smoothing capacitive filter C2 – Rf idityaniswe kuthotho nayo. I-voltage yegalelo iyancitshiswa kwixabiso elifunekayo kwi-resistor-capacitor circuit (i-quenching resistor Rg kunye ne-smooth capacitor C1).
2. Isihluzi sisusa ngokufanelekileyo i-ripple eyintsalela yangoku elungiswe yibhulorho ye-diode, ukuba inethiwekhi inombane oqhelekileyo. Kodwa ibhulorho ayikwazi ukugudisa ingxolo yempembelelo, ebangela ukudanyaza.
3. Ukuphambuka okuncinci kombane wokufakelwa ukusuka kumaxabiso achaziweyo – ngenxa yokunyuka kweempawu zevoltage yangoku – kukho utshintsho olukhulu lwangoku. Oku kuchaphazela ngokukhawuleza ukukhanya kokukhanya.

Ungayilungisa imeko ngokwandisa i-filter smoothing factor. Ekubeni i-voltage eqhubekayo isetyenziswe kwii-LED, i-capacitor Cd inokudibaniswa kwisekethe ngokuhambelana ne-smoothing capacitor C1.

Nakwizibane ezikumgangatho ophakathi, umbane wesibane se-LED ngumqhubi ogcweleyo kunye ne-stabilizer yangoku edibeneyo (idla ngokusetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa kweskimu se-pulse-width modulation scheme).

Ubukho bee-dimmers

Ekuqaleni , i- dimmer (isixhobo sombane esikuvumela ukuba ulungelelanise amandla / ukukhanya kwee-LEDs) yaphuhliswa ukuze isebenze kunye nezibane ze-incandescent. Ayisebenzi kakuhle ngeemodeli ezininzi zezibane ze-LED.

Isizathu sokungqubuzana kobugcisa bubuncinane bamandla omthwalo. I-dimmer ilinganiswe malunga ne-50 watts, engaphezulu kakhulu kunezixhobo ezininzi ze-LED.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa izibane zikhanyisa nge-dimmer, i-flicker ibonakala, enokuthi iphele xa amandla enyuka. Ukucima i-dimmer kunceda ukukhupha i-flicker. Ngamanye amaxesha kwanele ukuba ungafaki isixhobo sokuguqula isixhobo kwiindawo ezigqithisileyo, okanye unokutshintsha isixhobo ukusuka kumda okhokelela ngasemva.

Umgangatho wesibane osezantsi

Ukuqhwanyaza kwezibane ze-LED kunokubonakala okanye kungabonakali kwiliso lomntu. Unobangela wale ngxaki kukungafumani mbane kakuhle kwe-LED, engakwaziyo ukugudisa ngokufanelekileyo i-voltage engundoqo elungisiweyo.

Iipulsations ezinamandla ngokugqithisileyo ziyingozi kumbono ukuba umphumo onjalo ubonwa imihla ngemihla. Abavelisi bezibane ze-LED kufuneka babonise i-ripple factor kwiimveliso zabo. ERashiya, le parameter ilawulwa yiSanPiN. Kwizibane zaseTshayina, ziphezulu kunexabiso elibhengeziweyo.

Kunokwenzeka ukuba utshintshe iiparitha zobugcisa bezibane zaseTshayina, kodwa kunzima. Ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka uvule isiseko sabo kwaye utshintshe i-capacitor egudileyo kwi-capacious ngakumbi. Into ephambili kukuba ihambelana nesiseko.

Kutheni isibane se-LED sidanyaza xa isibane sicinyiwe?

Izibane ze-LED zine-inertia ephantsi kakhulu. Ngenxa yoku, kwanamanzi amancinci amancinci adlula kwii-LEDs abangela ukuba isibane sikhanyise ixesha elifutshane, elibonakala lifana ne-flash.

Izizathu ze-flickering kwi-off state zihluke, kodwa zonke zinento efanayo – okwangoku kwii-LEDs zinikezelwa ngeesekethe ezingajoliswanga kule nto.

Iingxaki zocingo

Ukuba isibane sikhanyisa emva kokuba ukukhanya kucinywe, fumana apho isigaba sixhunyiwe kwibhloko yokusabalalisa: kwii-relay contacts okanye kwii-LED ngokwabo. Inketho yokuqala ichanekile. Ukuba isigaba siqhagamshelwe kwisibane esiya kuba sisigxina, oku kuya kubangela ukubetha.

I-screwdriver yesalathisi inceda ukucacisa isigaba kunye ne-zero: ukukhanya kuvula xa kuthinta isigaba. Ukuba iingcingo zixhunyiwe ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye isibane sisakhanya, fumana ukuba kukho nayiphi na i-voltage efakwe kwinethiwekhi.

Ukubonakala kombane kwintambo enqanyuliwe kumandla ombane kwenzeka ukuba enye intambo exhunywe kwi-mains ibekwe ecaleni kwayo. Iingcingo zinokufakwa eludongeni. Ukuba isibane silawulwa ngumtshintshi oqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kokukhanyisa, unokufuna ukutshintsha i-wiring.

Ukwahlulwa ngokungafanelekanga kweentambo zombane

Kwenzeka ukuba xa ubeka iintambo zombane zasekhaya, iintambo zibekwe kwi-strobe enye ngenxa yezoqoqosho, ngelixa ngokwemigaqo kufuneka zibekwe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo. Indlela engalunganga yokufaka iikheyibhili ekuchaphazela ngayo ukulayita kwesibane:

• Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic phakathi kweesekethe zombane, xa abathengi abanamandla beqhagamshelwe, umsinga ungeniswa kwintambo eqhagamshelwe kumthombo wombane.
• Kwenzeka ukuba i-current induced yanele ukuhlawula i-capacitors yomqhubi kwaye uvule isibane se-LED ixesha elifutshane. Ukunyuka kwangoku kweParasitic ukuba umthwalo uphazamisa i-voltage ye-AC ye-sinusoidal. Oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni izibane ze-LED ngamanye amaxesha zikhanyiswa xa izibane zicinyiwe.

Le meko ichaziweyo iqhelekile kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwezixhobo zombane ezixhotyiswe ngombane wokutshintsha kunye nenqanaba elaneleyo lokudityaniswa kweesekethe zangaphakathi.

Iimpazamo zoqhagamshelwano

Lo mzobo ungezantsi ubonisa imeko yokutshintsha okungafanelekanga kweesekethe zokukhanyisa, okukhokelela ekukhanyeni kwezibane:

Isizathu sokuqala sokubonakala kwayo kukusetyenziswa kweengcingo ezincinci ezinombala ofanayo wokugquma, phakathi kwazo kunzima ukugqiba isigaba kunye ne-zero.

Esinye isizathu sengxaki kukungahambelani nokubonelelwa kokudibanisa ucingo lwesigaba ekutshintsheni, okuvezwa kwicala lasekunene lomzobo. Ngokuqhelekileyo nabasebenzi bombane abahambisani nalo mgaqo, ekubeni xa usebenzisa izibane ze-incandescent, ukuphulwa kwayo akubangeli nayiphi na imiphumo emibi.

Ukuba ii- bulb ze-LED zisetyenziselwa ukukhanya , impazamo ikhokelela ekubeni bahlala benesigaba. Ukuvuza kwe-microcurrents, ekhoyo nakwi-wiring elungileyo, i-capacitors yomqhubi ihlawuliswa ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye isibane sivula ixesha elifutshane.

Ubukho bokukhanya ekutshintsheni

Namhlanje, iiswitshi ezikhanyisiweyo zithandwa kakhulu. Zilula ukuzifumana ebumnyameni ngenxa yokukhanya kwe-LED eyakhelwe kwisitshixo.

Ngokucima umtshintshi, isiphaluka esivaliweyo ngokusisigxina sidalwa. Nokuba imisinga engabalulekanga edlula kwisekethe inokuhlawula i-dimmer capacitor, ethi, xa ikhutshwe kwisibane, ibangele ukuba ivule ixesha elifutshane.

Eyona ndlela ilula yokususa i-flicker kukuyicima. Ukusombulula ingxaki, awudingi ukuthenga amacandelo angaphezulu, vele uphazamise (unqunyulwe) umnxibelelwano phakathi kwe-backlight kunye nesibane. I-Flickering iya kunyamalala, kodwa i-backlight nayo iya kucinywa.

Izibane ezikumgangatho ophantsi

Izibane ze-LED ezikumgangatho ophezulu zibiza kakhulu. Abasebenzisi abaninzi bakhetha ukuthenga ii-analogues ezincinci. Icala labo elisezantsi ngumgangatho ophantsi. Ngexesha lokusebenza, ezi zibane zinokudanyaza.

Isizathu sokudanyaza kwezibane ezikumgangatho ophantsi zii-capacitors ezincinci. Zisetyenziswa kwiimveliso zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. I-capacitor ihlawuliswa ngeediode, ngenxa yoko kuvela i-flicker.

Ukufakela umgangatho ophezulu kunye nomqhubi othintela ukukhanya kunceda ukulungisa imeko. Le yokugqibela ayivumeli i-backlight yangoku kwizibane ze-LED.

Kutheni ukuqhwanyaza kwe-LED kuyingozi?

Ukukhanya okukhulu kwezibane ze-LED kuchaphazela kakubi impilo yabantu kwaye kubangela iziphumo ezininzi ezimbi. Indlela ukuqhwanyaza kuwuchaphazela ngayo umzimba:

• kubangela ixhala;
• ichaphazela kakubi isimo sengqondo;
• ibangela ukungakhululeki kunye nokoma emehlweni;
• kubangela ukuphuka kunye nokuhla ekusebenzeni;
• kunciphisa ukugxila;
• kwandisa ukudinwa;
• ibangela ukuphuthelwa.

Indlela yokufumana unobangela wengxaki?

Qala ukukhangela imbangela ye-flicker ngokujonga isigaba – ingaba le ntambo ixhunyiwe ngokuchanekileyo. Kufuneka idityaniswe komnye wabafowunelwa bokutshintsha.

Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba umbane wombane unikezelwa kwi-backlight, esi sizathu sokuqhwanyaza. Unokujonga isiphaluka nge-screwdriver yesalathisi – oku kuguqulwa kunokwenziwa nabani na.

Ukuba ingxaki iyaqhubeka:

• tshintsha ukutshintshela kwi-analog ngaphandle kokukhanya ngasemva;
• beka ukuchasana kwamandla amancinci;
• sebenzisa isibane se-incandescent.

Ukuba i-flickering iphinda ibonakale, hlola i-wiring ye-insulation eyonakalisiweyo, i-oxidized contacts, iintambo ezikufutshane, njl.

Ukuba i-flickering ibonakala kwindawo yokutshintsha, jonga ukuzinza kombane. Ukuba iiparamitha zichanekile, buyisela isibane se-LED nge-analogue ephezulu.

Kufuneka ndenze ntoni ukuba isibane se-LED siyadanyaza?

Ingxaki eqhwanyazayo ingasonjululwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Wonke umsebenzi ochazwe ngezantsi, okhokelela ekuxazululeni iingxaki, kufuneka wenziwe ngumsebenzi wombane oqeqeshiweyo. Imizamo ezimeleyo yokwenza utshintsho kwiisekethe zombane kunokukhokelela kwisiphaluka esifutshane.

Khubaza idiode

Izibane zexabiso eliphantsi azinazixhobo zokungafihli xa zicinyiwe. Ngaphambi kokucima i-diode kwiswitshi, lungiselela iseti yezixhobo:

• Phillips screwdriver;
• iipliers;
• abasiki bengcingo;
• imitha yombane.

Umyalelo womsebenzi:

1. Ngaphambi kokuba uqhawule i-diode, khupha amandla kumatshini ukuze uzikhusele kumothuko wombane.
2. Ukulinganisa i-voltage kubo bonke abafowunelwa kunye ne-multimeter.
3. Susa iswitshi ekhanyisiweyo. Susa iipads ngokuzitsala phantsi kancinci.
4. Khulula izikrufu ukukhusela iswitshi kunye ne-eriyali. Sika ucingo olufunekayo kunye nabasiki becingo.

Ukwahlula ucingo oluphakathi

Ingxaki ye-flickering isonjululwe ngokulula ukuba iintambo ezingathathi hlangothi kunye nesigaba zidibaniswe nokutshintsha ngexesha elifanayo. Qhagamshela isibane kubo. Isicwangciso esinjalo sokudibanisa esiqinileyo sibangela ukuba isalathisi sihlale sivuliwe, kodwa isibane se-LED siyeka ukuqhwanyaza.

Ukwandisa umthamo we-capacitor elinganayo

Umbane wesibane sesibane se-LED, esifakwe emva kwe-transformer igalelo okanye i-voltage divider, isetyenziselwa ukulungisa isignali eguqukayo ngokusebenzisa i-capacitor C, ekhupha i-ripples.

Ukunciphisa umphumo we-ripple kumgangatho wesignali elungisiweyo, ukwandisa ixabiso le-capacitor elinganayo. Kule njongo, ngokuhambelana neyokugqibela, qhagamshela i-capacitor yesibini – C1.

Kukho esinye isisombululo kwingxaki – ukutshintsha i-capacitor kwenye enomthamo ophezulu. Le yokugqibela inqunyelwe kuphela yimilinganiselo yesiseko – into ephambili kukuba i-capacitor entsha ingena kuyo.

Unyino lwangoku lokucima isixhasi sangoku

Ukufakwa kwe-resistor eyongezelelweyo i-R1 kwi-series ye-LED yochungechunge kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nomthwalo wangoku. Oku kunciphisa ubunzulu bokukhanya kwazo kwaye kugudise ama-ripples.

Indlela yokunciphisa i-pulsation ye-LED:

1. Ukunciphisa ukudlula kwangoku kwisekethe ye-HL1-HLn ngo-25-30%. Ukulinganisa ukuhla kwamandla ombane kwisekethe yokusebenza kwaye wenze isibalo esincinci.
2. Ukudlula kwangoku kwii-LED kunqunywe ngokomthetho ka-Ohm. Ukwazi i-voltage kunye nokumelana R \u003d 1 kOhm, okwangoku I \u003d U / R izimisele ngokulula.
3. Emva kokuba ufumene ixabiso langoku, linciphise malunga ne-25% kwaye ubale ukuchasana okupheleleyo usebenzisa ifomula efanayo R=U/I. Susa ukuchasana kokuqala kwixabiso elifunyenweyo kwaye ufumane ixabiso elifunekayo R1.
4. Khetha ukuchasana ngokwamandla avumelekileyo. Oku kuthintela ukushisa kwesakhiwo, oku kunokukhokelela ekutshisweni kwayo ngokupheleleyo.

Le ndlela ingentla ayikwazi ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ukukhanya, kodwa iyanciphisa kakhulu.

Ukuqhagamshela izihluzi zasekhaya

Ukuqhagamshela i-capacitors kunye nee-chokes kunokugulisa ngokufanelekileyo ingxolo ephezulu-frequency evela kwi-mains ukuya kumbane wesibane se-LED. Kwabaqhubi abalula, esi sisombululo sanele ukuphelisa i-flicker.

Iimpawu zesihluzi:

1. Isihluzi esinjalo sidityaniswa njengemodyuli eyahlukileyo, kwaye emva koko sivulwe ekunene phambi kwesibane.
2. Isihluzi asikwazi ukwakhiwa kwisiseko sesibane se-LED. Iqhutyelwa kwimeko ye-dielectric. Inokufakwa naphi na, kodwa kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyibeke ngqo phambi kwekhatriji.

Kufuneka umtsalele nini umnxeba umntu osebenza ngombane?

Awudingi ukufowunela umntu osebenza ngombane ukuze atshintshe isibane se-LED. Kodwa, ukuba akusifumani isizathu sokuba isibane sizinyibilike ngokwakho, kuya kufuneka ummeme.

Uya kujonga uxhulumaniso, anqume umgangatho we-wiring, enze wonke umsebenzi ofunekayo ofuna izakhono zobugcisa kunye neqela elithile lokunyamezela.

Ukukhenkceza kwezibane ze-LED yingxaki enzulu kuzo zombini intuthuzelo kunye nempilo yabantu. Kubalulekile ukufumanisa unobangela wengxaki kwaye uyilungise ngokukhawuleza. Ukuthintela ukukhanya kwezibane endlwini, ukufakwa kweemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye ne-wiring esebenzayo kunceda.