Iimpawu kunye nokufakwa kwezibane zesitalato ze-LED

Izibane ze-LED zesitrato zixhobo zezoqoqosho ezenza umsebenzi wokukhanyisa kuphela, kodwa kunye nokuhlobisa. Zisetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa iindawo ezinkulu nezincinci, ukudala ukukhanya okusasazekayo kunye nokukhanya okuhambayo. Kukho ezininzi iimodeli ezahlukeneyo kwimarike, ukwazi iimpawu zabo kunye neempawu kuya kukunceda ukhethe isibane esifanelekileyo.

Ziziphi izibane zesitalato ze-LED?

Umgaqo wokusebenza kwezibane ze-LED zesitalato zisekelwe ekukhutshweni kwamaza okukhanya. Ngokuqhelekileyo zixhonywe kwiimeko ze-aluminium ezihlala zihlala kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo – izitrato, iiveranda, iigadi, iipaki, iindawo zokudlala.

Iimpawu zezibane zesitrato ze-LED:

• Ekuqaleni. Ii-LED zizinto ze-semiconductor apho umbane odlulayo kwi-crystal uguqulwa ube yi-flux ekhanyayo. Ubungakanani bee-LED buncinci kakhulu – malunga ne-0.5 cm ububanzi. Ekubeni izibane zesitalato kufuneka zinike ukukhanya okunamandla kunye okukhanyayo, zisebenzisa izibane eziquka iibhodi ezininzi ze-LED.
• Isibini. Ukomeleza amandla kunye nokukhanya kufezekiswa ngokufaka iilensi ze-optical. Bona, ngokugxininisa ukukhanya okukhanya okuvela kwiikristale ezininzi, banikezela ngokuqhelaniswa okuyimfuneko.
• Isithathu. Umzimba wesibane sesitalato kufuneka unikeze ukhuseleko kwiimpembelelo zendalo ezimbi – umoya, imvula, uthuli, ngoko ke, kwiimveliso eziphezulu, zenziwe nge-aluminium, echasene ne-corrosion.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezibane zokukhanyisa izitalato ze-LED

Izibane ze-LED zangaphandle zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi zizixhobo zombini kunye nabanini bezindlu zabucala.

Iinketho zesicelo kwizibane zesitrato ze-LED:

• Gcwalisa ukukhanya – kusetyenziswe kwizakhiwo zezakhiwo ezinkulu, apho kufunwa ukuba ungagqamisi izinto zomntu ngamnye, kodwa ugxininise umfanekiso wonke.
• Ukukhanya kwebala – kusetyenziswe kwizakhiwo ezininzi zemigangatho kunye nakwizindlu zangasese, kubandakanya ukubeka i-accents kwizinto eziphambili zesakhiwo.
• Ukukhanya komhlaba – kusetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa iipaki, iigadi, izikwere. Olona khetho lulula yimicu ye-LED exhonywe kumasebe omthi.
• Ukukhanya kweendlela noohola bendlela akukaxhaphakanga kweli lizwe, njengoko kufuna ukutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo kwazo zonke izibane kwisitalato esinye ubuncinane.

Iintlobo eziphambili zezibane ze-LED zesitalato

Izibane zesitalato azifani kuphela kwiimpawu zobugcisa, kodwa kunye nohlobo lokufakela. Ukukhethwa koyilo kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile kunye nemisebenzi eyabelwe ukukhanya kwangaphandle.

Iindidi zezibane zesitalato:

• Console. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukukhanya kwangaphandle kwezakhiwo, iindlela, iipaki, iindawo zokupaka. Izibane zifakwe kwiibakaki (i-consoles) – eludongeni lwendlu, ucingo lwekhonkrithi, njl.
• Ipaki. Azikhanyisi nje kuphela ummandla weepaki, kodwa zikwayinto yoyilo lwembonakalo-mhlaba. Ezi zibane zinoyilo olukhangayo kunye nokukhusela okuthembekileyo kwimiphumo emibi yemozulu. Kukho i-console kwaye imisiwe.
• Umhlaba (umhlaba). Ezi ziphaneli ezisicaba zifakwe kumgangatho ophantsi. Ziyakwazi ukulungiswa ngokuthe ngqo kumhlaba, i-asphalt, ikhonkrithi, amanyathelo. Kukho iimodeli ezakhelwe ngaphakathi nezingafakwanga.
• Izibane zokukhangela. Ezi ziimodeli zohlobo oluphathwayo okanye kulula ukuzifaka. Ngokungafaniyo nezibane eziqhelekileyo, ii-spotlights zinee-deflectors ezisecaleni ezicutha i-angle yokusasazeka kwe-flux yokukhanya, ngoko zikhanyisa indawo ethile kuphela.
• Ukuzimela. Ezi nkqubo azifuni iingcingo zombane eziqhelekileyo. Izibane zisebenza ngeepaneli zelanga ezithatha indawo yombane. Le teknoloji ngoku iyaziswa ngokusebenzayo kwizibane zendlela “zesikolo”, ezibekwe kufuphi namaziko abantwana.

Iimpawu zeemodeli zombane welanga 

Zonke izibane zesitalato ezisebenza ngelanga zisebenza kumgaqo ofanayo – imisebe, ewela kwiifotocell, ivelise umbane. Xa kukhanya, inzwa yokukhanya ivala isiphaluka sombane wepaneli ye-LED, ngokuqala kobumnyama, umbane ogciniweyo usetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa.

Iimpawu zezibane zesitrato ezisebenza ngelanga:

• Ukuzimela ngokupheleleyo – akufuneki i-mains kunye nezinye izixhobo zokukhanyisa ezifakwe kwisiza.
• Iselula – ayifuni ukulungiswa okumileyo, njengoko kungekho ingcingo zamandla.
• Ukufakela okulula – unokufaka izibane ezizimeleyo ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kweengcali.
• Ukuhambelana – izibane zinokususwa ngokulula ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwenye ngaphandle kokubandakanya izixhobo ezikhethekileyo.
• Uhlengahlengiso lweeparamitha – ungahlengahlengisa ixesha kunye neeparamitha zokuvala kwimowudi ye-auto.
• Ukhuseleko – akukho zintambo zamandla kunye nokudibanisa kombane, ngoko ke isoyikiso sokutshatyalaliswa kombane kwizibane ezinjalo asibandakanywa.
• I-assortment ebanzi . Uyilo olwahlukeneyo lukuvumela ukuba usebenzise izibane ezizimeleyo zelanga njengezinto zokuhombisa.

Ukungalungi kwezibane kubandakanya ukuxhomekeka kokukhanya kwimozulu kunye nokwehla kancinci kumthamo webhetri.

Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo

Izibane zesitrato ze-LED zinesethi epheleleyo yeempawu ezifunekayo kwisixhobo samanje sokukhanyisa isitalato.

Izinto eziluncedo kwizibane ze-LED:

• Ukukhanya okukhululekile. Imnandi, ayimfameki kwaye ayicaphuki, ayiqhwayizi kwaye ayicimi. Ilungele ukufakwa ecaleni kwemizila. Ukuququzelela ukuhamba kwabaqhubi, musa ukudala uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo emehlweni xa uqhuba imoto.
• Ezoqoqosho. Ukusebenza ngaphandle kwe-intanethi, izibane ze-LED azilayishi imigca yenethiwekhi kwaye zibonise ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, okungaphezulu kakhulu kunezibane zakudala.
• Ikhuselekile kwaye ihambelana nokusingqongileyo. Uyilo aluqukethe into enetyhefu – i-mercury, kunye nezinye izinto ezinobuthi. Abayi kukhupha i-ultraviolet kunye nemitha ye-infrared, ikhuselekile kwindalo kunye nabantu.
• Ihlala ixesha elide. Iyakwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuqhekeka kunye nokutshintshwa ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eyi-15 yokusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuba izibane zisebenza ebumnyameni kuphela, ubomi babo benkonzo buyanda ukuya kwiminyaka engama-25. Oku kuhlala kungenakulinganiswa kwiimveliso zokukhanyisa ezikhuphisanayo.
• Ihlala ixesha elide kwaye inokuthenjwa. Imeko yezibane ezinezibane ze-LED zinezinga eliphezulu lokukhusela kwimpembelelo yomatshini kunye nemozulu. Uluhlu lobushushu obusebenzayo: -50….+50°C.
• Abaqhwayizi. Ukunikezelwa kombala ophezulu kukuvumela ukuba ufumane i-shades eyahlukeneyo, ukudala ukukhanya okukhululekile kwiliso lomntu.
• Uzinzo. Akukho mpendulo kukutshintsha kombane kwimibhobho engundoqo.
• Ilahlwe nje. Ukungabikho kwezinto ezinobuthi kukuvumela ukuba ulahle izibane ezisetyenzisiweyo ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
• Ukulula ukufakela kunye nokufakwa. Iindleko zolondolozo zigcinwa zisezantsi.

Amaminithi:

• uvakalelo kumathontsi akhoyo;
• umngcipheko wokutshintsha imilo ngenxa yokusebenza kwexesha elide;
• ixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu (kodwa ubomi benkonzo ende ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili buphelisa ngokupheleleyo le ntswelo).

Yintoni omele uyijonge xa ​​ukhetha?

Abavelisi banikezela ngoluhlu olukhulu lwezibane zesitalato ezahlukileyo kuyilo, indlela yokufaka kunye neempawu zobugcisa.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge izibane zokukhanyisa indawo okanye igadi, funda ngokucophelela iimpawu zabo.

Yintoni onokuyikhetha kwindawo yokuhlala ehlobo?

Xa ukhetha izibane zesitalato kwindawo yokuhlala yasehlotyeni okanye indlu yelizwe, cinga ngenjongo oyidingayo. Ukuba kuphela ukukhanyisa, unokuthenga iimodeli ezilula kakhulu kwifom, ukuba nangenxa yobuhle, khetha idizayini ehambelana nesitayela sesayithi kunye nokwakhiwa kwendlu.

Izibane zasesitalatweni zanamhlanje zenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• iklasikhi;
• mihla;
• phezulu;
• Ubuchwephese obuphezulu.

Yintoni emayiqaqambise elizweni ngezibane zesitrato:

• indlela eya endlwini;
• izinyuko kunye neveranda;
• ichibi eyenziweyo okanye ichibi;
• gazebo, njl.

Ukugcina ukukhanya, sebenzisa izibane ezixhotyiswe ngeenzwa ezishukumayo – zisebenza kuphela xa umntu esondela. Abo bafuna ukuzisa umoya womlingo kwindawo kufuneka basebenzise izibane zokuhlobisa ezinemibala emininzi.

Indlela yokukhetha isibane sesibonda esifanelekileyo?

Uluhlu olunikezelwayo lwezibane zesitalato lukhula rhoqo. Ukhetho olukhulu luhlala lubhida umthengi. Ukuthenga eyona ndlela ilungileyo, zivavanye ngokweeparamitha ezingezantsi.

Yintoni omele uyijonge xa ​​ukhetha isibane sepali:

• Ukuqaqamba. Kuxhomekeke kwi- flux ekhanyayo yesibane esikhokelwayo , esilinganiswa kwiilumens. Okukhona ixabiso liphezulu, kokukhona ukukhanya kuqaqambile.
• Inzuzo. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuxhomekeke kwinani le-watts. I-W encinci kwisibane, ngakumbi ukonga.
• Ubushushu bombala. Ilinganiswa ngee-kelvins kwaye ichaphazela i-hue yokukhanya. Ukukhanya kwendalo – i-5-6 iwaka le-K. Kwizinga eliphezulu, ukukhanya kubanda, kunye ne-bluish tint, kumazinga aphantsi – afudumele.
• Umkhombandlela wehlabathi. Ichazwa ngamaqondo – ukusuka kwiiyunithi ezimbalwa ukuya kumakhulu amaninzi. I-angle ephezulu yezibane zepaki ifikelela kwi-360 °.
• Iklasi yokhuseleko. Iqondo lokukhuselwa kwesakhiwo kwimpembelelo embi yendawo ixhomekeke kuyo. Igama elithi “IP” kunye namanani amabini. Ukuphakama kweklasi, ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo. Olona didi lusezantsi IP54.
• Ubomi bonke. Kuxhomekeke kumandla, umgangatho, umenzi. Kumiselwa ngokumakisha: L kunye nenani leeyure.

Abavelisi bokukhanya be-LED bangaphandle

Kanye kunye nokuthandwa kwezibane ze-LED, inani labavelisi babo liyakhula. Iimfuno eziphezulu kunye nethemba zibekwe kwizibane zesitrato – kufuneka zisebenze ixesha elide, nangona iimeko ezinzima zokusebenza. Ngoko, ukhetho kufuneka lunikwe kwiimveliso zeenkampani ezaziwayo.

Ukuba umenzi akaboneleli ngeenkcukacha ezicacileyo zesibane se-LED, kunokwenzeka ukuba kukho iingxaki ezisemgangathweni. Emva kweenyanga ezi-2-3 zokusebenza, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwezibane ezikumgangatho ophantsi kuncitshiswa ngesiqingatha.

Iibrendi onokuthi uzithembe:

• I- Nichia yinkampani yaseJapan evelisa ii-LED ezixhathisa ukuphuka kwe-electrostatic.
• I- Osram Opto Semiconductors ngumvelisi waseJamani iimveliso zakhe zithathwa njengomgangatho womgangatho.
• I- CREE yifemu yaseMelika ethathwa njengenkokeli kwimveliso ye-LED kunye nezisombululo ezintsha.
• ISeoul Semiconductors ngumenzi waseMzantsi Korea onomjikelezo opheleleyo wemveliso. Iimveliso zikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nabavelisi baseYurophu nabaseMelika.
• I- Philips – i- Lumileds – amaziko ayo ophando kunye nophuhliso ahlala e-USA, kwaye inkampani ngokwayo iphakathi kweenkokeli ekuveliseni ii-LED.
• I-Vsesvetodiody LLC yenye yabakhiqizi abakhulu baseRashiya. Uninzi lwezibane zesitalato zixhotyiswe ngeOsram LEDs.
• I- Samsung LED ngumenzi waseKorea ovelisa ii-LED kunye nezibane zesitrato esele zenziwe. Iimveliso zale nkampani zinexabiso elihle lemali.

Ezona zibane zintle zangaphandle ze-LED

Izibane ezingcono kakhulu zokulungelelanisa izibane zesitrato zezo zimodeli zihlala ixesha elide, zinika ukukhanya okuphezulu, kwaye zikhuselekile ngokuthembekileyo kwimvula kunye nothuli.

Iimodeli ezidumileyo zezibane zesitrato:

• I-Globo Cotopa 32005-2 isibane sodonga oluphezulu oluvela kumenzi wase-Austrian. Umzimba umnyama, imilo i-cylindrical. Ubude – 16 cm, ububanzi – 8 cm. Ngaphakathi kukho izibane ezi-2 ezininzi. Indawo yokukhanyisa – 10 sq. m. Ixabiso: 2,640 ruble.
• I-Nowodvorski 9565 sisibane somgangatho ophezulu wobugcisa . I-plafond yayo yenziwe ngeglasi, kwaye isiseko senziwe ngentsimbi. Amandla esibane aphezulu angama-35 watts. Ixabiso: 6 995 ruble.
• I-Paulmann Plug & Shine Floor 93912 sisibane somhlaba kwi-cylindrical body yentsimbi. Isibane se-LED sibekwe phantsi kweglasi yeglasi, ukukhanya kubhekiswe phezulu. Ixabiso: 8 650 ruble.
• I-Eglo Penalva 1 94819 sisibane esisezantsi se-4W. Isebenza kwinethiwekhi yesigaba esisodwa 220 V. Isigqubuthelo esicacileyo sibekwe kwisigxina sentsimbi. Ubunzima bekholomu yi-2 kg. Ixabiso: 2 480 ruble.
• I-Lightstar Lampione 375070 – isibane sependant sinokuxhonywa phantsi kwee-canopies, kwiipali okanye kwii-arches. Amandla esibane se-LED yi-8 W. Isixhobo se-LEDs ziiyure ezingama-20,000. Ixabiso: 2,622 ruble.

Ukufakwa kwezibane ze-LED zangaphandle

Izibane zesitalato zifakwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo – zifakwe kwiindonga, zifakwe kwiipali, zifakwe ngqo emhlabathini.

Iindidi zezibane zesitalato ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yofakelo:

• Umhlaba – bane-bayonet engaphantsi kwamanzi, engcwatywa emhlabeni kwaye ilungise i-lantern. Iimodeli zihluke omnye komnye ngobude be-bayonet kunye nokuphakama kwesilingi.
• I- Wall -mounted – isetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa indawo yendawo kunye nokukhanyisa ukukhanya. Xa ufaka izibane ezizimeleyo (i-solar-powered), kubalulekile ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo isikhundla esinxulumene namanqaku ekhadinali.
• Ukumiswa – zibekwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zesakhiwo kwaye ziqiniswe ngokungqongqo (izibiyeli, imiqadi, njl.). Ukulungiswa kwe-Flexible kukwaphunyezwa (amanqaku olulwayo, iintambo, njl.).
• I -Built -in – imele isakhiwo esisodwa esinezinto zokwakha kunye noyilo (amanyathelo, iintsika, iindlela zegadi, njl.).

Imiyalelo yokufakela izibane zesitalato:

1. Xa ufaka izibane kwiipali ngokwakho, qiniseka ukuba ucime umbane wombane – uhlukanise umgca omnye kunye nokufakelwa kombane wangaphandle kwaye ubeke umatshini wangaphandle kuyo (ukuba i-luminaire ayinayo iipaneli zelanga).
2. Beka intambo emhlabeni, uyibeke kuqala kumbhobho we-corrugated.
3. Beka intambo kubunzulu be-0.5-0.6 m.. Buyela umva 1.5 m ukusuka kumda wendlela.
4. Gcwalisa umsele wentambo ngesanti ukubonelela ngamanzi.
5. Ukuba kukho izibane ezininzi, zidibanise ngokulandelelana kwisekethe.
6. Beka izixhobo zomhlaba kwi-substrate yegrabile kwaye ulungise ngodaka. Sebenzisa inqanaba ukuqinisekisa indawo yenqanaba.
7. Emva kokudibanisa isiseko, qhagamshela i-lantern kwinethiwekhi ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo.

Ividiyo malunga nokudibanisa kunye nokufaka isibane sesitrato:

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nezibane zesitalato ze-LED

Ngaphambi kokuthenga izibane ze-LED, abathengi abaninzi bafuna ukufumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga nokusebenza kunye nokufakwa kwabo ngokusemandleni.

Eyona mibuzo ixhaphakileyo abanayo abathengi malunga nezibane zasesitalatweni yile:

• Ingaba izibane zesitalato kufuneka zibe nenqanaba elingakanani lothuli kunye nokhuseleko lokufuma? Kuxhomekeke apho ukufakela kwenziwa. Kwindawo evulekileyo, i-IP kufuneka ibe ubuncinane i-44, phantsi kwe-canopy – 23, 33 okanye i-44, kufuphi ne-pool okanye umthombo – ukusuka kwi-IP65, kufuphi ne-echibini egadini – IP68 (banokusebenza naphantsi kwamanzi).
• Ngaba izibane zesitrato zinokufakelwa ngaphakathi? Ewe, akukho zithintelo ekufakeni kwabo kwindawo. Kodwa kwizibane eziqhelekileyo kukho – iqondo lokukhusela i-IP kufuneka libe ubuncinane be-44, kwaye kwiimpawu kufuneka kubekho inqaku – “kwiqondo lokushisa lesitrato”.
• Yintoni eyona nto ingcono kwizibane zesitrato? Kwimozulu ephakathi kweRashiya, izibane ezenziwe ngetsimbi kunye neepolymers (iplastiki) zifanelekile ngakumbi. Aba bamva banyanyezelwa ngokukodwa yimiphumo emibi yemozulu, ukuxhathisa ukutshiswa, i-oxidation kunye nokubola.
• Nguwuphi umbala wokukhanya okhethiweyo kwisitalato? Ukushisa kombala wezibane kukhethwe ngokuqwalasela umphumo olindelekileyo. Ukukhanya ukuya kwi-3 500 K (efudumeleyo) kudala imvakalelo yokuthuthuzela, ifanelekile ukukhanyisa i-gazebos, i-verandas, i-facade evelele.
  Ukukhanya okuvela kwi-4,500 K (kubanda) kuqaqambileyo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa iindlela, iindawo zokupaka, kunye neendlela zokuhamba. Uluhlu lwe-2,700-4,000 K lungathathi hlangothi (ukukhanya kwemini), kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhethe njengeyona nto iphambili.
• Ngawaphi amaxesha apho zifakwa khona izibane zesitrato? Akufanele ubeke izibane ngokusondeleyo omnye komnye, uzama ukufezekisa ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo kunye okufanayo kwendawo. Izibonda ezi-1-1.2 m eziphakamileyo zicetyiswa ukuba zibekwe kumgama we-5-8 m ukusuka komnye nomnye, ukuya kwi-1 m – ngezithuba ze-3-5 m. Kufuneka kubekho malunga ne-10 m phakathi kwezibane eziphezulu.

Ingxelo malunga nezibane zesitrato ze-LED

Roman E., Lipetsk. Kwisayithi ndifake izibane ze-LED zeGadgetut 2030 kunye nenzwa yentshukumo. Ukukhanya kukhanya kwaye kufana, ukumelana nayo nayiphi na imozulu embi. Basebenza ngaphandle kweengxaki kuluhlu lwe -40…..+40°C. I-angle yokukhanyisa ibanzi – ikhanyisa iyadi, indawo yokupaka, nayiphi na enye indawo kakuhle.

Igor T., Voronezh. Ndibeka izibane kwindlu yelizwe kwaye ndifake izibane ze-console ze-100 W kuzo. Inamandla kakhulu, kunye nokukhanya kwe-lumens ye-140 nge-watt ye-1. Ukukhanya kuqaqambile, ngoko isibane esinye sikhanyisa indawo endilisekileyo. Ukukhanya kungokwemvelo, akukhathazi amehlo kwaye ayiphambukisi imibala, ayiqhwanyazi.

Izibane ze-LED zesitrato azigcini nje kuphela kumbane kwaye zisombulule ingxaki yokukhanyisa, kodwa ziphinde zenze ukukhanya kwe-landscape enhle. Izibane ze-LED zanamhlanje, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lofakelo, ziba zizinto zoyilo ezipheleleyo zesayithi.