Chii chinonzi flux inopenya yemarambi e LED?

Mwenje-emitting diode (LED) marambi anoratidzirwa neakawanda ma paramita ane chekuita nemhando yepamusoro uye yakachengeteka mwenje. Ichi chinyorwa chichakurukura maitiro makuru emidziyo yekirasi ino, kusanganisira kuenzanisa iyo yekupedzisira neyechinyakare incandescent mwenje, uye ichapawo kurudziro pakusarudza mwenje we LED wemba.

Chii chinonzi luminous flux?

A luminous flux ihuwandu hwemuviri hunoratidza huwandu hwe “chiedza” mayuniti esimba reiyo inoenderana nemwaranzi flux. Simba rechiedza, zvakare, isimba rinopfuura nepane imwe nzvimbo munguva yakati.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kupenya kunopenya ipfungwa inotaridza huwandu hwechiedza chinoburitswa nechitubu (muchimiro chechinyorwa, ichi chishandiso chakareruka), uye kuti iyi radiation flux inoburitswa uye kugoverwa munzvimbo.

Kusimba kweiyo inopenya flux uye inoyerwa sei?

Paunenge uchiongorora uye uchienzanisa zvigadziriso zvekuvhenekesa, chikamu chakadaro chekuyera chekupenya chinopenya se lumen chinoshandiswa. Ichi ndicho chikamu chikuru chekuyera chinoburitswa nechitubu, kuyerera kwechiedza. Zvichakadaro, iko kukanganisa kwevashandi vekuvhenekesa uye vashandisi vese kuti vaongorore michina yekuvhenekesa vachishandisa pfungwa ye “kupenya”. Izwi iri harina kungokanganisa chete, asi rinogonawo kutsausa, kunyanya kana zvasvika pamwenje we LED.

Mwenje yechinyakare incandescent inobuda muchikamu chakakura kwazvo chechiratidzo chechiedza, nepo mwenje we LED “unovhara” chikamu nhete chenzvimbo yayo ye “blue”. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, ichiburitsa huwandu hungaenzaniswa hwesimba, sosi ye LED inopenya zvakanyanya.

Nezve mwenje we LED, iyo pfungwa ye “kuvhenekera” dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa (inoratidza kusimba kunoita kuti chiedza chinowira pamusoro). Chikamu chinogamuchirwa chekuvhenekera ndeye lux (lx).

Chigadzirwa uye nheyo yekushanda kwemarambi e LED

Mwenje ye LED yekuvhenekesa inosiyana kunze chete, chimiro chemukati chemidziyo yakasiyana inenge yakafanana. Chiedza chinobudiswa zvakananga ne LEDs, nhamba, simba uye ruvara rwemavara izvo zvinosiyana zvichienderana nemuenzaniso.

Nheyo yekushanda kwemwenje wemwenje we LED inoenderana nekushandurwa kweiyo mains alternating voltage, nenzira yedunhu remagetsi, kuita imwe nguva dzose, iyo inonyatso kudyisa makristasi anopenya.

Iyo imba yekuvhenekesa LED mudziyo ine zvinotevera zvikamu:

• Iyo diffuser inzvimbo yakakosha hemisphere inowedzera kupararira uye inoparadzira zvakaenzana kuyerera kwechiedza. Zvichienderana nemuenzaniso, chikamu ichi chinogona kugadzirwa nematte, akajeka kana translucent epurasitiki (kusiyana kune fluorescent madivayiri, apo chinhu chakakosha chekuratidzira chinoshandiswa).
• Iyo kristaro ye LED ndiyo hwaro hwemwenje wemazuva ano we LED. Nhamba yavo inogona kusiyana kubva kune imwe kusvika kune gumi nemaviri – zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa, hukuru, simba, saizi yekupisa yekupisa yeimwe modhi. Ihwo hutano hwemakristasi e LED hunotaridza iyo huru parameters yemudziyo uye kusimba kwayo, nokuti kana chip chimwechete chikakundikana, mwenje unogona kukandwa kure.
• Yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi – mukugadzirwa kwayo, yakakosha anodized aluminium alloy inoshandiswa, iyo inobvumira kuti inyatso kupindirana neradiator, inobvisa kupisa.
• Iyo heatsink ndeye yakanyatso kuumbwa aruminiyamu chigadzirwa chinobvumira zvakanyanya kunyatso bvisa kupisa kubva kumakristasi. Iyo inobvisa-kupisa nzvimbo yeradiator inowedzera nekuda kwekuvapo kwemahwendefa akawanda pamuviri wechinhu ichi.
• Mutyairi chinhu chakakosha chedunhu, pasina izvo makristasi e LED anongopisa. Iyo unit inogadzirisa, inoderedza uye inodzikamisa iyo mains voltage. Kune madhiraivha ari kure uye akavakirwa-mukati – mazhinji edzimba dzemwenje dze LED dzakashongedzerwa neazvino mhando yemidziyo yakaiswa zvakananga mudzimba dzemwenje.
• A capacitor iredhiyo-tekinoroji chikamu icho zvakare chinotsvedzerera kunze voltage ripples inopihwa kune iyo LED matrix.
• Iyo polymer base ye base chikamu chinhu chechimiro chinodiwa kuchengetedza muviri wechigadzirwa kubva pakuparara kwemagetsi uye munhu kubva kumagetsi kuvhunduka kana achichinja mwenje.
• Plinth – chikamu chinoshandura chinopa kubatana kune mains. Kazhinji kazhinji, chigadziko chinogadzirwa ne-nickel-plated brass, iyo inopa yakavimbika kuonana uye anti-corrosion effect.

Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti mumidziyo ye LED, kusiyana nemarambi echinyakare incandescent, iyo yakanyanya kupisa nzvimbo yakavakirwa mukati. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mwenje we LED unoda kushanda kwemukati kutonhora, iyo inoshandiswa nenzira ye radiator inotonhora.

Main maitiro

Munzira dzakawanda, zvigadziriso zve LED zvakakwirira kune mwenje we incandescent uye mamwe magetsi. Pakati peakati wandei ehunyanzvi ma parameter emarambi e LED, akati wandei makuru anogona kusiyaniswa.

Simba remwenje we LED

Pasi pesimba reiyo LED mudziyo, vanoreva simba remagetsi rinopedzwa naro kubva kune network. Kuita kuti zvive nyore kuti mutengi afambe, chiratidzo chakaenzana chemwenje we incandescent chinoratidzwa pakurongedza kwemwenje we LED.
Zvichakadaro, kushanda kwemidziyo yakaenzana yakadaro kunosiyana. Vane kupenya kwakasiyana uye inopenya flux simba.

Kuparadzira kona

Iyo inopenya inopenya yemarambi emumba e LED yakapararira pakona ye60 ° – 340 °. Midziyo ine yakaderera yakafara radiation pateni inoshandiswa mukugadzira mwenje wenzvimbo, zoned mwenje. Midziyo ine yakafara dispersion angle inoshandiswa kuronga mwenje wakawanda. Iyo yakakura kona yekupararira inowanikwa kune marambi ane LED filaments. Chiratidzo cherudzi urwu rwechigadzirwa chinopindirana nemarambi echinyakare incandescent.

Yakagadzirwa luminous flux

Kupenya kwechigadziro chekuvhenekesa, kana kuti kunyanya kuwanda kwechiedza chinobudiswa nacho, chinoratidzwa neparameter yakadai se “luminous flux”, sezvatotaurwa, kuyerwa mu lumens. Rambi re LED rine 400 lumens rinenge rakaenzana ne40 watt incandescent rambi. Mukuita, pane tsika yevagadziri vemidziyo ye LED kuti vawedzere nemaune hunhu uhu. Maparamita ari padyo neachokwadi kune chaiwo maturusi anogona kuwanikwa nekuongorora mhedzisiro yekuzvimiririra bvunzo.

Kupisa kwemavara

Mwenje weincandescent wakajairika unoburitsa mwenje weyero unofadza, iwo tembiricha yeruvara unosvika 2750 Kelvin (K). Saizvozvo, mwenje we LED une tembiricha yeruvara wakafanana unopa kupenya kwepedyo kune yechinyakare mwenje. Kazhinji, zvigadziriso zve LED zvinoratidzirwa nekushisa kwemavara kwe3000 K – ine runyararo rwakanaka rwemaziso, asi chiedza chichena zvishoma. Marambi ane chiratidzo che3000 – 4000 K akakodzera kumahofisi. Zvigadzirwa zvemwenje zvine tembiricha yemavara 5000 K kana kupfuura zvakakodzerwa chete nemakamuri ekushandisa.

Ripple factor

Chimiro ichi chinoshanda kune zvese zvigadziriso zvemwenje. Midziyo yemhando yepamusoro ye LED ine yakaderera ripple factor, iyo iri 3 kusvika 5 times yakaderera pane incandescent mwenje. Maererano nechiratidzo ichi, midziyo ye LED inobvumirwa kushandiswa mune chero nzvimbo. Mune marambi asingadhure, kazhinji kacho ripple coefficient haina kuratidzwa, zvisinei, iyo flicker intest inotariswa zviri nyore uchishandisa kamera yefoni. Muhupo hwema ripples, mitsetse yakasviba inoonekwa pachiratidziro.

Simba rakaenzana

Pakurongedzerwa kwemwenje we LED, pane zvakare inowanzoita parameter seyakaenzana simba remwenje we incandescent. Semuenzaniso, inogona kuve ruzivo rwekuti mudziyo we LED une simba re 5 W, yakaenzana nesimba remwenje we incandescent we40 W. Vagadziri vasina kunyanya kungwarira vanogona kuve vanonyepedzera mune izvi zvimiro, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti iwe utange wanyatsoteerera kune hunhu hwekupenya kunopenya kwemwenje we LED.

Kushanda voltage

Iwo akamisikidzwa ekushanda magetsi emarambi emazuva ano e LED ari 220 V (yemazuva ese mains) uye 12 V (ekushandisa nemagetsi). Iyo yekupedzisira inoshanda pane ese AC uye DC voltages. Zvisinei, mamwe emarambi aya, kana achifambiswa neanochinja-chinja, anogona kunge aine chinhu chakanyanya kukwira chinokuvadza maziso.

Indekisi inoburitsa mavara

Iyo spectral color rendering index ye LED mudziyo yakasiyana kana ichienzaniswa nemwenje we incandescent. Iine zvakawanda zvechikamu cheruvara rwebhuruu. Iyo color rendering index (Ra), inotsanangurwa nemugadziri wemudziyo, inoratidza kufanana kweyero yezvikamu zvese zvemavara. Luminous flux ine yakaderera index (pasi pe80 Ra) haina kufadza maziso. Incandescent mwenje uye chiedza chezuva zvine chiratidzo ichi munharaunda ye97 – 98 Ra, yepamusoro-mhando mwenje ye LED inodarika makumi masere, mhando dzemunhu – makumi mapfumbamwe. Mukuita, iyo spectral color rendering index inowedzeredzwa nemaune nevamwe vanogadzira: kana yakanyorwa paRa – 80 kurongedza, inogona kuita makumi manomwe neshanu kana kunyange mashoma mayuniti.

Kudzora kupenya

Mazhinji marambi e LED haashande nema dimming zvishandiso zvakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa kupenya kwezvigadziriso zvemwenje. Nekudaro, ma LED luminaires anogona kuwanikwa pamusika ane yakavakirwa-mukati dimmer unit, kana ivo vane sarudzo yekutsigira ekunze dimmers emwenje incandescent kana yakanyatsogadzirirwa diode zvishandiso.

Kupisa uye kupisa chizvarwa

Iyo inopenya inoyerera ye LED inotungamirwa mune imwe nzira, nepo kupisa kunoburitswa kune imwe nzira. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mukati memwenje we LED inofanira kunge yakanyoroveswa. Kuti uite izvi, mudziyo wekuvhenekesa wakashongedzerwa neradiator.

Kuenzanisa maitiro e LED madivayiri uye incandescent mwenje

Kuti uenzanise kuenzanisa kwezvigadzirwa zve LED uye marambi e-incandescent, unofanirwa kureva tafura inokosha. Sezvauri kuona, mutsauko mukushandiswa kwesimba pakati peaya makirasi emidziyo ane imwechete inopenya inopenya simba wakakosha.

Asi kutaura zvazviri, 5W LED fixture haina kuenzana ne40W incandescent girobhu. Kuvhenekera kwechigadzirwa che LED kunogona kunge kuri kure ne400 lumens zvichienderana nezvakati wandei zvinhu. Izvi, semuenzaniso, matte kesi, “kudya” chikamu chesimba nemutyairi, zvimwe zvikamu zvemagetsi, nezvimwe.

Chiedza chinobuda

Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha parameter mukuverenga kwechiedza chekuvhenekesa chekamuri ndiko kubuda kwechiedza chechigadzirwa chakaiswa. Hunhu uhu hunoyerwa neLumens/Watts. Mumwenje we incandescent, chiedza chinobuda kubva pa8 kusvika ku10 lm/W. Mune maLED, parameter inotangira pa90 kusvika 110 Lm / W, uye mumhando yepamusoro – kubva pa120 kusvika 140 Lm / W. Panyaya yekubuda kwechiedza, ma LED luminaires ari nani ka8-10 pane dzimwe sarudzo.

Kupisa kupisa

Kana uchienzanisa ma LED uye marambi echinyakare incandescent, kupisa kwavo kupisa kunofanirwa kuverengerwa. Magirabhu emarambi emwenje anopisa anosvika 230 – 240 madhigirii celsius, nepo mwenje we LED une simba unogona kupisa kusvika kunosvika 45 degrees. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, iyo yekupedzisira haisi moto inotyisa uye inogona kuiswa mune chero kamuri, kusiyana nemwenje incandescent, iyo isingakurudzirwi kushandiswa, semuenzaniso, mukati mezvivakwa zvehuni.

Hupenyu nguva

Hunhu hukuru hunotaura nezve mukana we LEDs. Iyo LED matrix inogona kushanda kwe40,000 maawa, nepo mwenje weincandescent kashoma kutora anopfuura chiuru maawa, iyo inenge yakapetwa ka40 zvishoma. Nekuda kwekururamisira, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mazinga akadaro anowanikwa mumhando yepamusoro yezvigadzirwa zve LED kubva kune vanozivikanwa vanogadzira. Cheap LED makristasi ane yakaderera sosi.

kunyatsoshanda

Kubudirira kwemwenje ipfungwa inoratidza huwandu hwechiedza chinogadzirwa maererano nekupisa kwekubuda kwechigadzirwa. Ichi chimiro chemagetsi e LED chinosvika 90%, nepo, semwenje incandescent, chiito chinobatsira chinofungidzirwa pa7-9 muzana. Hazvina maturo kutaura, yakawanda sei yehupfumi yemagetsi ekuvhenekesa ma LED ari mukuenzanisa neyechinyakare vamwe.

Price

Mubvunzo unonyanya kukakavara ndeupi unobatsira kushandisa: mwenje we diode kana mwenje we incandescent? Pasinei nokuti iyo yekare ndeyekurongeka kwehukuru hunodhura, nguva yavo yose yekushanda inopfuura kudarika hupenyu hwebasa rechipiri sarudzo. Uye kana tikafunga nezvechiratidzo chakadaro sekuchengetedza simba, marambi echinyakare haana mukana zvachose. Mukuita, zvisinei, zvinhu hazvina kujeka zvakanyanya. Chigadzirwa che LED, semamwe marudzi emarambi, chinogona kutadza kumberi kupfuura chikumbaridzo chehupenyu hwesevhisi (somuenzaniso, panguva yekuwedzera kwesimba kana shanduko yekushisa). Uye zvakare, ivo vanopenya zvishoma, saka vashandisi vanowanzo tenga nekuisa imwe mwenje we LED.

Environmental chikamu

Certified LED marambi ane chikamu chidiki kwazvo chemakemikari ane njodzi. Iwo, semarambi eincandescent, haadi kuraswa kwakasarudzika. Asi izvi hazvirevi zvachose kuti midziyo yakapera nguva inofanira kuraswa pamwe nemamwe marara emumba. Midziyo yekuvhenekesa inogona kupihwa, semuenzaniso, kunzvimbo dzakakosha dzekuunganidza.

Mazano ekusarudza mwenje we LED

Kusarudza mwenje we LED yakanaka haisi basa riri nyore. Dzimwe nguva, kunyangwe kubva kune vagadziri vane mukurumbira pasirese, pane zviitiko zvine mwero wepamusoro wekupuruzira kana nechiedza chekubuda paramita izvo zvakanyanyisa kufungidzira maererano nehunhu chaihwo. Mazano anotevera anobva pane ruzivo rwevashandisi uye mhedzisiro yenyanzvi dzakazvimiririra. Mwenje we LED wakanaka unofanirwa kuzadzisa zvinotevera maitiro:

• ripple factor – kwete kupfuura 30%;
• ruvara rwekupa – index 80 uye nezvimwe;
• luminous flux level – inoenderana nekukosha kwechiedza chechiedza chemwenje we incandescent;
• inogamuchirwa mwenje angle – kwete kupfuura 50 madhigirii;
• kana zvichidikanwa, tsigiro yekuchinja nechiratidzo;
• kana zvichidikanwa – tsigiro yekudzima.

Mukuwedzera, hazvizove zvakanyanyisa kutarisa pane zvinotevera pfungwa:

• Isa ruoko rwako pasi pechiedza chemwenje. Kana ganda rine grey tint, mudziyo unoshandisa maLED ane yakaderera color rendering index.
• Kunyangwe iwe ukaona zita rekuti “hapana ripple” pasuru, izvi hazvireve kuti flicker haipo zvachose. Kunyanya kukosha kwayo kuri mukati me5%.
• Kana zvichikwanisika kubatidza mwenje, nongedzera iyo yakabatidzwa-yakabatidza smartphone kamera pairi. Kana iwe usingaone chero mitsetse, iyo LED inogadzirisa ine yakaderera pulsation level.
• Rova chitubu pamberi pemwenje wakabatidzwa. Kana chinhu chacho chakapetwa kaviri kana katatu, chitubu chacho chine mwero wepamusoro wekuputika.
• Kupenya kwemwenje we LED kunogona kutariswa uchishandisa yakakosha mwenje mita yekushandisa pane yako Android smartphone.
• Usatenga chigadzirwa chine zuva rekuburitsa re3 makore kana kupfuura. Zviri nani kusarudza imwe sarudzo yemazuva ano.
• Sarudza mwenje we LED ine nguva yakareba waranti (makore 3-5).
• Ndapota chengeta risiti yako kuitira kuti udzoke kana kuchinjana chinhu kana zvichidiwa.

Mwenje ye LED inosiyana kubva kune yekare incandescent mwenje mune akawanda maitiro. Chinonyanya kukosha chazvo isimba, dispersion angle, luminous flux, tembiricha yemavara uye ripple factor. Paunosarudza mwenje we LED, iwe unofanirwawo kuterera kune chiedza uye kupisa kunobuda kwechigadzirwa, nguva yewaranti, kushanda zvakanaka, simba rakaenzana, kushanda kwemagetsi uye mavara ekupa index.