Zvimiro zvesarudzo uye kushandiswa kwema bulbs e LED

Mitengo yezviwanikwa zvesimba, kusanganisira magetsi, yakakwira zvakanyanya, saka vatengi vanofarira marambi e LED. Uye mitengo yakaderera yemarambi aya ehupfumi inongobatsira pakuwedzera kudiwa. Chinhu chikuru ndechokusarudza girobhu remwenje rakakodzera kubva pamhando yakaratidzwa – zvigadzirwa zvinosiyana mumutengo, parameter, kuvimbika.

Zvimiro zvema LED bulbs

A light-emitting diode rambi (LED), kusiyana neyakajairwa incandescent girobhu, chinhu chemagetsi chakaomarara chine zvikamu gumi nemaviri. Kushanda kwemwenje kunoenderana nehutano uye zvigadziro zvekupedzisira – kuti zvakanaka sei uye zvakachengeteka zvichapa chiedza, uye kuti zvichashanda kwenguva yakareba sei.

Sechikamu chechero mwenje we LED, kune semiconductor crystal inogadzira chiedza, uye mutyairi idunhu remagetsi rinoshandura 220 V AC kusvika 12 V DC.

Zvinhu zvikuru zvemwenje we LED uye maitiro avo:

• Plinth. Nezvo, mwenje unoputirwa muchigadziko chemwenje. Plinths inowanzogadzirwa nendarira yakavharwa ne-anti-corrosion nickel compound. Kunewo marambi ane mabhesi epini – kune mamwe marudzi emarambi uye zvinodiwa.
• Radiator. Nekubatsira kwayo, kupisa kunobviswa kubva ku LEDs. Zvakare, basa rema radiator ndere kuona iyo yakakwana tembiricha yekushanda. Zvinhu zvekugadzira zvakasiyana – kubva kupurasitiki yakachipa kusvika kune inodhura ceramics. Iyo yakanakisa sarudzo ndeye composite zvinhu uye aluminium.
• Mutyairi. Basa rayo ndere kudzikamisa voltage nekushandura AC kuenda kuDC, pamwe nekusimbisa maLED. Sechikamu chemutyairi – yakawanda microcircuits , capacitors, pulse transformer. Mune marambi ebhajeti, panogona kunge pasina mutyairi.
• Diffuser. Iyi iflask inopenya inobatsira kuti chiedza chipararire muchadenga. Kazhinji ine chimiro chehemisphere. Zvishandiso – plastiki kana polycarbonate. Flask zvakare inodzivirira hunyoro neguruva kupinda mudzimba.
• LEDs. Ndivo zvinhu zvikuru zvekushanda mumwenje we LED. Kupenya kunoonekwa panguva yekushanda kwema diode.

Zvakanakira uye zvakaipira mwenje we LED

Marambi e LED ave nenguva achiratidza hukuru hwawo pane aimbove echinyakare mwenje incandescent. Nekudaro, havasi vese vatengi vakachinjira kune marambi ehupfumi. Ongororo yakadzama yezvakanakira uye zvakaipira zve LED mwenje bulbs ichakubatsira iwe kuita sarudzo.

Zvakanakira pane incandescent mwenje:

• kupisa kwakadzika – iwe unogona kubata mwenje pasina kuisa pangozi kupiswa, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kumhuri dzine vana (kana zvasvika pamarambi etafura);
• kuchengetedza – kupa chiyero chakaenzana chechiedza nemarambi e-incandescent, marambi e LED anodya magetsi nekuraira kwehukuru hushoma;
• kusimba – marambi e LED anogara 20-50 nguva yakareba kupfuura yakajairika;
• kugadzikana – kupenya kwakafanana kunochengetedzwa, pasinei nekuwedzera kwesimba mumambure;
• kupenya – mune luminaire ine muganhu wesimba, unogona kuisa mwenje we LED unopa chiedza chakajeka kupfuura incandescent sweets.

Zvakanakira pane luminescent vamwe:

• ushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza – hapana mercury;
• kushanda zvakanaka – kushomeka kwesimba rekushandisa pamwe neakaenzana luminous flux;
• kukurumidza kupindura – Mwenje ye LED inobatidza nekumhanya kwemheni nesimba rakazara, uye marambi efluorescent anowana kupenya kubva pa20% kusvika ku100% muminiti imwe patembiricha yekamuri, kunyange kureba – pakudziya kwakaderera;
• yakanaka spectrum – iri padyo nechiedza chechisikigo pane fluorescent vamwe.

Minuses:

• mutengo mukuru;
• nhamba huru yezvigadzirwa zvemhando yakaderera – nehurombo husina kunaka;
• kusashanda zvakanaka kwemamwe marambi ane ma switch uye zviratidzo;
• kugadzirisa kupenya kunopiwa chete mumhando dzinodhura.

Ndedzipi mhando?

Vagadziri vanopa sarudzo yakakura yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemwenje dze LED dzinosiyana nechinangwa, marudzi e LEDs, uye mamwe ma parameter. Uyezve, kurongeka kwe LED-marambi maererano nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana.

Maererano nemunda wekushandiswa, marambi anosiyaniswa:

• Zvekumba. Ratidza flask pane yakajairwa socle. Inokodzera chero marambi.
• Zvemugwagwa. Yakagadzirwa uchishandisa anti-vandal technologies, iva nehupamhi hwekudzivirira.
• Zvezvirimwa. Iyo inoshandiswa mukurima kwemaruva emukati, mbesa. Muchikamu chemwaranzi – ultraviolet, kukurumidza kukura kwezvirimwa.
• Zvekushongedza. Chinangwa chavo chikuru ndechekushongedza uye stylize mukati. Ivo vanosiyaniswa nediki diki yekuparadzira kona uye huwandu hwakawanda hwemavara, kugadzira kunyaradza uye zone mukamuri.
• Zviedza zve LED. Yakaiswa mumapindu nemapaki. Vane imwe nzira yechiedza uye kona yekuparadzira.

LED mhando:

• SMD – point LEDs dzakaiswa pane substrate, pamusoro payo iyo lens inoiswa. Nhamba yemakristasi – 1-3 pcs. Iyo yakagadzirwa ine yakanaka yekupisa kupisa.
• COB – makristasi anoiswa zvakananga pabhodhi. Kuvaka kunogara kwenguva refu.

Zvinoenderana nekupisa kwemavara kwechiedza:

• nechiedza chemasikati;
• nechiedza chinotonhora;
• nechiedza chinodziya.

Plinth mhando:

• E – pasi rose “Edison”;
• G – pini mabhesi;
• R – ine marecessed contacts.

Muchimiro cheflask (inonyanya kuzivikanwa):

• Kenduru. Mwenje akadaro ane kona shoma yekuparadzira uye simba rakaderera. Kana iyo yakashandiswa mumakona, ipapo muhuwandu hwakawanda. Uyezve, nyanga dzechandelier dzinofanira kutungamirirwa pasi. Mashandisirwo akanakisa emarambi emakenduru ndiwo marambi etafura nemwenje yeusiku.
• Pear. Muchitarisiko, iwo akafanana chaizvo neakajairika incandescent mwenje. Anoshandiswa kunyanya mumakanderi ane nyanga dzakadzika. Kana iyo luminaire ine zvigadziko zvakanangidzirwa padenga, chikamu chekamuri chichava mumumvuri.
  Mamodheru akashongedzerwa nespo maLED ane danda angle inosvika 180 °, sezvo madhiodhi ese ari kudivi rimwe chete rendiro.
• Chibage . Chimiro cheflask chakafanana nechibage – chakareba, cylindrical, uye kwete yakakura kudarika chigadziko. Yellow diodes ari pa polyhedral substrates, uye akafanana zviyo pa cob.
  Marambi echibage anoparadzira chiedza zvakanaka. Iwo anoshandiswa mumarambi akachinjika uye mukuvhenekesa kwemavara ane shading shades.

Mitemo yekusarudza

Pakusarudza marambi e-incandescent, vatengi vaitungamirirwa, sekutonga, neparameter imwe chete – simba, kuyerwa mu watts. Kana girobhu rine simba rakawanda, chiedza charo chinowedzera kupenya. Mune marambi e LED, mamwe akawanda ma paramita uye maitiro anofanirwa kuverengerwa. Kuvanzwisisa, zvinokwanisika kusarudza mwenje wakakwana weimwe neimwe kesi.

Kuti usarudze mwenje we LED wakanyatsokodzera zvinangwa zvako, ruzivo rwakanyorwa nemavara makuru pasuru haruna kukwana. Iwe unozofanirwa kujaira iwe pachako nehunyanzvi hwekuita zvakadhindwa mudiki diki.

Kuyerera kwechiedza

Munguva yemarambi e-incandescent, vatengi vakanga vasingafariri pfungwa yekuvhenekera. Kupenya kwemwenje kwakatemwa nesimba – nhamba yewatts. Yakanga yambove uye ikozvino yakaratidzwa zvakananga pagirazi flask uye pane yekurongedza, kana iripo.

Nekuda kwemarambi e LED, zvaigoneka, nekudzikisa zvakanyanya simba, kuwedzera kushanda kwemidziyo. Izvi zvakabvumira kuchengetedza magetsi nemari yevatengi.

Chii chinonzi flux inopenya uye maitiro ayo:

• zita – Ф, lm/lm;
• inosarudza huwandu hwesimba rechiedza iro rambi rinopa;
• uchiziva iyo inopenya flux, unogona kuwana nyore analogue ye LED kutsiva mwenje weincandescent – zvinoenderana netafura yetsamba;
• tembiricha yeruvara inokanganisa iyo inopenya inoyerera – iyo yakakwirira iyo, yakakura iyo f.

Simba

Simba remwenje rinoyerwa muWatts (W), rinoratidzwa nechiratidzo “P” uye rinoratidza huwandu hwesimba rinoshandiswa pachikamu chenguva (awa). Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa marambi e LED zvigadzirwa zvine simba re5 kusvika 13 W – zvinoenderana nemwenje incandescent ine simba re40-100 W.

Iyo yakazara simba rekushandisa ndiyo huwandu hwemasimba – iwo maLED uye mutyairi. Uyezve, iyo yekupedzisira haidyi inopfuura 10% yesimba – kana iri yemhando yepamusoro.

Supply voltage uye frequency

Zvitoro zveRussia zvinopa marambi akagadzirirwa 12 V kana 220 V. Munyika dzakawanda, magetsi emagetsi e110 V anopiwa, uye marambi akagadzirirwa ayo haana kukodzera kune vatengi vedu.

Maitiro ekuita nestress:

• kana paine E mark pachigadziko, iri rambi 220 V;
• kana G iri rambi repasi rose, rakagadzirirwa zvese zviri zviviri 12 V uye 220 V.

Voltage inoyerwa muVolts (V) uye inotaridzwa netsamba U. Iyo parameter inowanzo ratidzwa pakurongedza nenzira yemhando – iri mairi iyo mugadziri anovimbisa kushanda kwakaringana uye kwakachengeteka kwemwenje.

Kana, semuenzaniso, zvichiratidzwa kuti mwenje wekushanda wemwenje uri pakati pe176-264 V, zviri pachena kuti ichamira zvakachengeteka madonhwe akakomba uye kuwedzera kwesimba mumambure pasina kurasikirwa nekupenya. Iyo inoshanda frequency yemarambi e LED ndeye 50/60 Hz.

Plinth mhando

Vagadziri vanopa mwenje we LED nemhando dzakasiyana dzechigadziko, vachiedza kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevatengi zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa mhando yechigadziko ndeye E27. Iyi ishanduro yekare inofanana nehwaro hwemarambi akajairwa incandescent.

Plinth marudzi:

• E14 – minion;
• E27 – chiyero;
• E40 – yemwenje ine simba mukati uye kunze;
• G4 – kutsiva halogen mwenje ne LED;
• GU5.3, GU10, GX53 – yezviedza zvakadzika uye pamusoro pedenga, fenicha;
• G13 – swivel type tubular base yemarambi eT8.

Kupisa kwemavara

Mwenje yese incandescent inoburitsa mwenje wakafanana, asi mwenje we LED unosiyana mumumvuri wemwaranzi. Muyero wewhite glow wakakamurwa kuita mwenje unodziya, unodziya uye unotonhora.

Kupisa kwemavara kwemarambi e LED:

• 2700-3200K – inodziya mwenje. Inopindirana nekupenya kwemarambi e-incandescent. Inodzikama uye inogadzira mhepo inotonhorera.
• 3 200-4 500K – chiedza chisina kwazvakarerekera. Iri pedyo sezvinobvira kune masikati chaiwo. Yakanakira kuvhenekera nzvimbo dzebasa.
• Kubva ku4 500K – chiedza chinotonhora. Vanopa kupenya kwebhuruu-chena. Inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzebasa. Apo kukoshesa kwakakwirira uye kuisa pfungwa pabasa rinoitwa kunodiwa.

Kuparadzira kona

Iyi parameter inokanganisa kupararira kwechiedza munzvimbo. Inotemerwa nekugadzirwa kweiyo diffuser uye zvinoenderana nekuti ma LED anowanikwa sei. Chimiro chinobva ku210 degrees.

Kana iwe uchida backlighting yebasa rine chekuita nezvinhu zvidiki, zvinokurudzirwa kutenga rambi rine kona yekuparadzira ye120 degrees.

Mune zvivheneko zvakagadzirirwa kuvhenekera zvakajairika, marambi ane hukuru hwemakona anodiwa. Uye kune marambi etafura, pane kudaro, sarudza zvigadzirwa zvine hushoma kukosha kwechiratidzo ichi.

Dimmable

Dimmers ma modules akagadzirirwa kudzora kupenya kwechiedza chinoyerera, uye anokubvumira kuti uchinje kupenya kwekupenya. Nekudaro, havasi vese vatyairi vemwenje ve LED vanokwanisa kutsigira iyi sarudzo.

Mutengo wemarambi e LED anodzima wakakwira kupfuura akajairwa, sezvo zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvawo zvakanyanya kuoma. Rambi rakajairika re LED rakabatana kune dimmer haripenye. Kana kuti ichapenya.

Ripple factor

Nekuda kwekuputika kwechiedza, maziso anoneta uye kugara zvakanaka kunowedzera. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kutenga uye kushandisa marambi asina mavhiri anooneka (maererano neSNiP, anogamuchirwa pamwero we5-20%).

Iwe unogona kutarisa mwenje we pulsation uchishandisa smartphone – tarisa mwenje wainoburitsa kuburikidza nekamera. Kana paine ripple, mitsetse ichaonekwa pachiratidziro.

Vamwe chete vanogadzira vanoratidza mune rondedzero yehunhu iyo parameter Kp – iyo ripple factor. Muchokwadi, ichi hunhu hwakakosha zvakanyanya hunoenderana nehutano uye kugara kwemunhu.

Zvinokurudzira zve pulsation factor yemarambi e LED:

• Kp yemwenje inofambiswa netiweki ine yakagadzikana yakananga ikozvino 0.
• Iyo yepamusoro mhando mwenje ye LED inoonekwa, umo iyo Kp iri pasi pe20%.
• Marambi akaiswa madhiraivha ane Kp isingadarike 1%.

Kp inogona kutsanangurwa uchishandisa oscilloscope. Kutanga, iyo amplitude yechikamu chinoshanduka chechiratidzo pa LED inoyerwa, uyezve inoparadzaniswa nemagetsi kubva pakubuda kwemagetsi.

Kushanda tembiricha range

Iyi parameter inonyanya kukosha kana uchishanda marambi kunze kana mudzimba dzekugadzira dzisina kupisa. Kune mhando dzemarambi e LED anoshanda nemazvo mune imwe tembiricha renji. Chiyero chekugadzika chiri kubva -30°C kusvika +60°C.

Munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeRussia, tembiricha munguva yechando inodonha zvakanyanya pazasi -30 ° C, izvo zvinoreva kuti kune yemugwagwa uye isina kupisa nzvimbo inodiwa kusarudza mwenje we LED wakagadzirirwa kuderera tembiricha.

Mwenje we LED unofanirwa kushandiswa nekuchenjerera mumakamuri ane tembiricha yakakwira, pamwe nepedyo nekupisa zvitubu – mumakamuri emhepo, saunas, nezvimwe.

Indekisi inoburitsa mavara

Iyi parameter inoratidzwa CRI kana Ra uye inokubvumira kuti uongorore kuonekwa kwemavara echisikigo ezvinhu muchiedza chinobudiswa nemarambi e LED. Indekisi yakakurudzirwa iRa≥70.

Unyoro uye kudzivirira guruva

Hunhu uhu hunotsanangurwa nemazita ealphanumeric – IPXX. Apo XX iri nhamba yenhamba inoratidza chiyero chekudzivirira kwerambi. Iyi parameter haisi nguva dzose yakanyorwa, kunyanya kana mwenje wakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwemukati.

Upenyu hwechigadzirwa

Nguva yekushanda inenge isinganzwisisiki, sezvo iyo, inotsanangurwa nemugadziri, ine chokuita ne LEDs, uye kwete mwenje wose. Nguva yekushanda yemarambi e LED inoenderana nemhando yekushambadzira kwezvinhu, pane kuti nyaya yacho yakaunganidzwa sei.

Vagadziri, nekuda kwehupenyu hurefu hwemarambi e LED, havaite yakazara-chiyero bvunzo kuti vaongorore kuparara kwe LEDs. Maawa ekushanda anonzi 30,000 kana kudarika, iyi ingori pfungwa, kwete nhamba chaidzo.

Flask type

Chimiro cheflask kune vazhinji vatengi haisi yakakosha parameter, asi mune maitiro ayo anowanzo kuratidzwa mumitsara yekutanga. Sezvo mutemo, rudzi rwebhubhu rinoratidzwa mune alphanumeric code.

Zvimiro zvema bulbs emarambi e LED uye mazita awo anoratidzwa mutafura iri pasi apa:

Kurema uye zviyero

Huremu hwemwenje we LED hahuwanzo kufarira vatengi, asi iyi parameter inogona kubatsira kana tasvika kune mwenje wakareruka.

Mumwe nemumwe anogadzira anogadzira marambi e LED akadaro sezvaanoona zvakakodzera. Marambi anogadzirwa nemhando dzakasiyana anogona kusiyana zvakanyanya pakuonekwa, uremu uye saizi. Semuenzaniso, 10 W mwenje kubva kune vakasiyana vanogadzira inogona kuva nemusiyano pakureba uye hupamhi hunopfuura 1 cm.

Mwenje dze LED dzinopenya sei?

Kushanda kwemwenje we LED kunobva pane maitiro emuviri anoitika muma semiconductors.

Mashandiro anoita mwenje we LED:

• Kupenya kunoitika nekuda kwekufamba kwemagetsi emagetsi kuburikidza nenzvimbo yekusangana kwesemiconductors ine akasiyana conductivity – n uye p. Imwe inodzorwa nemaerekitironi (n, ine chaji isina kunaka), nepo imwe yacho inotongwa nemaion (p, ine chaji yakanaka).
• Iyo semiconductor zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvinobvumira magetsi kuyerera munzira imwe chete. Kana zvimedu zvinochaji zvichipfuura muganhu wemasemiconductors, kubatanidzwazve kunoitika – shanduko yemaerekitironi kune imwe nhanho yesimba. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pane kupenya kunoonekwa neziso.
• Panguva imwe chete nekubuda kwechiedza, kupisa kunosunungurwa, izvo zvinobviswa kubva ku LED kuburikidza ne radiator.

Chiyero cheakanakisa ma bulbs e LED

Paunosarudza mwenje we LED, zvine musoro kuterera kwete chete kune maitiro avo, asiwo kune vanogadzira. Pakati pemakambani akawanda anogadzira marambi e LED, kune vatungamiri vane zvigadzirwa zvakanyanya kudiwa, uye unhu hwavo hahuna mubvunzo.

Philips

Iyo kambani inoshandisa tekinoroji yazvino, uye marambi ayo akachengeteka kumaziso – izvi zvinosimbiswa nebvunzo dze laboratori. Mumutsara – muenzaniso umo, nekutsikirira bhatani, unogona kuchinja kutonhora kwekupenya. Iyo kambani zvakare inogadzira yepamusoro bhajeti mhando – Yakakosha.

Izvo zvisingabatsiri zvezvigadzirwa zvePhilips zvinosanganisira kudhura kwakanyanya kwemamodheru mazhinji, pamwe neyakamanikana yekuparadzira kona yemarambi akachipa.

Osram

Iyi kambani yeGermany ndeimwe yevagadziri vakuru vemagetsi munyika. Inomiririra huwandu hwakakura hwemarambi e-LED kune akasiyana minda uye zvinangwa. Mwenje yese inoratidzirwa nekuita kwakanakisa uye hupfumi.

Iyo yakaderera ndiyo yakakwira mutengo uye kushomeka kwechigadziko che “smart” modhi (yakagadzirirwa kubatanidza zvakananga). Ipo paPhilips, semuenzaniso, SmartSwitch modhi ine yakajairika plinth.

Gauss

Mwenje wemugadziri uyu anosiyaniswa nehupenyu hurefu hwebasa. Anoti zvigadzirwa zvake zvinotora maawa 50 000 – marambi achakwanisa kushanda kweanenge makore makumi matatu nemashanu. Warranty – makore 3-7. Chaizvoizvo, kambani inogadzira akajeka (kubva ku900 lm) marambi ane ruvara ruchena rwakarerekera.

Feron

Mugadziri akagadzirisa imwe yezvinetso zvakakosha zve LED-elements – kupisa panguva yekushanda, nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwakakosha kweradiator. Marambi anobva kuFeron anenge asingadzise kana achipenya. Iyo kambani inopa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvigadzirwa – ine marambi kune chero mukati kana engineering mhinduro.

Marambi eFeron anoratidza kunaka kwekupa ruvara uye kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa. Asi panewo zvipingamupinyi – kuvimbika kusina kukwana uye njodzi yekutenga muchato.

camelion

Inosanganisirwa mu TOP nyika vagadziri vemarambi. Zvigadzirwa ndezvemhando yepamusoro, yakakura uye yakawanda isina kujairika mhinduro. Marambi eCamelion anogara kwenguva yakareba, anopa chiedza chakajeka, chisina kupenya uye anopedza simba shoma.

Nzira yekushandura mwenje we LED?

Chido chekuchengetedza hachifanirwe kukunda kutonhora kuverenga. Usamhanye kuchitoro uye tenga marambi e LED kutsiva ese incandescent bulbs mumba mako kamwechete.

Paunenge uchichinjira kumwenje we LED, tungamirwa neanotevera masimboti:

1. Tsiva pakutanga chete mwenje ine simba – kubva pa60 watts. Kuchengetedza kubva pakutsiva marambi emagetsi mashoma uye mutengo we LED-analogues haugone kubhadhara.
2. Dzorera mwenje mumarambi iwayo anopisa nguva zhinji mukati mezuva – muhoro, nursery, office. Hazvina musoro kushandura marambi kwaasingawanzo kuvhurwa – mudzimba dzekuchinja, makamuri ekushandisa, nezvimwe.
3. Usatenge ma bulbs akawanda ekambani imwechete kamwechete. Tora 1-2 kuedza. Ongorora spectrum uye chete wozoita sarudzo.

Vagadziri vemarambi e LED havamire – musika wezvigadzirwa zvavo uri kuvandudza nekuvandudza. Kufarira maitiro emarambi e LED, maitiro avo uye kugona kwavo, haugone kuchengetedza chete pakushandiswa kwemagetsi, asi zvakare kugadzirisa zvakanyanya dambudziko rekuvhenekesa nzvimbo dzekugara uye dzisiri dzekugara, chivanze nemapindu.