Mhando dzakasiyana dzemadhiraivha maseketi uye kubatana kwayo

Kuti usarudze mutyairi wemwenje we LED uye, mune ramangwana, uiise nenzira kwayo, unofanirwa kujairana nemadhayagiramu anodiwa uye paramita. Chigadzirwa chakanyatsosarudzwa hachizongowedzera hupenyu hwechigadzirwa, asiwo kukuchengetedza mari.

Chigadzirwa chemwenje che LED

Mienzaniso yemwenje we diode yakatanga kutsiva iyo yakajairwa. Iwo anodhura, asi maitiro avo ehunyanzvi akanyanya kukwirira kune akasakara mamodheru. Kuti unzwisise kuti vanoshanda sei, unofanirwa kuziva mudziyo wemwenje we LED.
Iyo ine 5 zvinhu zvakabatana mune imwe kesi:

• Plinth –  chinhu chakaputirwa muchigadziko chechandelier kana imwe mwenje. Yakanyorerwa:
  • kushandiswa kwemumba sikuruu rudzi E27 uye E14, yakagadzirwa nendarira ine nickel anti-corrosion coating;
  • kune zvimwe zvinodiwa, magetsi ane pini base anogadzirwa.
• Mutyairi  – chinhu chinodzikamisa iyo inouya voltage uye inoshandura alternating ikozvino kuti itungamire. Inopawo simba kune LED. Inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu:
  • microchips;
  • pulse transformer;
  • capacitors.

• Heatsink chinhu chinobvisa kupisa uye chinopa maLED tembiricha yekushanda. Kazhinji inoumba chikamu chinooneka chemuviri.
• Diffuser i  “cap” inoonekera iyo inobatsira kugovera mwenje muchadenga. Inogadzirwa muchimiro chehemisphere yekuparadzira matanda echiedza pakona yakakura. Iyo inoshandiswa ndeye polycarbonate kana plastiki. Inodzivirira huruva nehunyoro kupinda mumba. Kupfavisa kupinza kwechiedza uye kuderedza kutsamwisa pameso, chinhu ichi chakaputirwa nephosphor kubva mukati. Izvi zvinowana kupisa kwemavara kwakafanana nechiedza chechisikigo.
• Ma LED ndiwo anonyanya kushanda emwenje, nekuda kwekuti kupenya kunoonekwa. Kune 4 main chip assembly tekinoroji:
  • SMD tekinoroji ndiyo yakajairika muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Iyo crystal inoiswa pamusoro pechigadzirwa chechiedza;
  • DIP – chinhu chechiedza chinosanganisira 1 crystal ine simba, pamusoro payo iyo lens yakasungirirwa;
  • Piranha – vadikani veindasitiri yemotokari, kune 4 vanobatika;
  • COB tekinoroji ndeye advanced LED chip yekubatanidza chirongwa, yakanyanya kuchengetedzwa sarudzo kubva pakupisa uye oxidation.

Muzvigadzirwa zvisingadhuri, panogona kunge pasina mutyairi; pachinzvimbo, magetsi anoiswa, ayo anopa chero ikozvino kana voltage kugadzikana.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemutyairi maseketi uye maitiro avo

Vagadziri vanonyanya kugadzira madhiraivha pamaseketi akabatanidzwa (ICs) anotendera iwe kuti uise simba kubva kumagetsi mashoma. Ese anoshandura mwenje we LED aripo parizvino akakamurwa kuita:

• yakasikwa pahwaro hwe1÷3 transistors – nyore;
• nemachipisi ane PWM – yakaoma.

Standard LED mutyairi wiring diagram:
Kubatanidza kune magetsi uye nhamba ye LEDs mairi inokanganisa kubuda kwemhepo. Huwandu hwemazuva ano hunofanira kupihwa nemutyairi zvakananga zvinoenderana nesimba rose uye kupenya kwemwaranzi yavo. Simba rinogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomula: P = P (yakatungamira) × n, apo:

• P (led) ndiko kugona kwechimwe chinhu;
• n ndiyo nhamba yezvinhu zve LED.

Pfungwa dzakakosha:

• Yakananga yakayerwa ikozvino ndiyo huru parameter yechero LED. Tisingazvifungidzire, tinorasikirwa nekupenya, uye nekuzvifungidzira, tinoderedza zvakanyanya hupenyu hwesevhisi.
• Iwo magetsi akapihwa mudhetabheti ku LED haaite sarudzo uye anongoratidza kuti mangani mavolts anodonha pajunction yepn kana yakayerwa ikozvino ichiyerera. Zvarinoreva zvinofanira kuzivikanwa.
• Kuti ubatanidze maLED-ane simba, a high- quality cooling system yakakosha. Paunenge uchiisa ma LED ane simba rekushandisa rinopfuura 0.5 W pane radiator, yakagadzikana yenguva yakareba basa ichaenderera mberi.

Kubatanidza ma LED kumutyairi:

Iva nechokwadi chekutarisa ruvara rwemutengi paunenge uchiverenga, sezvo inokanganisa kudonha kwemagetsi.

Zvinoenderana nemhando yemutyairi, ivo vakakamurwa kuva 3 mhando:

• low quality, shanda kusvika maawa 20 zviuru;
• neavhareji parameters – kusvika 50 zviuru maawa;
• converter, inosanganisira zvikamu zvezvinozivikanwa brands – 70 zviuru maawa uye nezvimwe.

Ne capacitors kuderedza voltage

Capacitor C1 inodzivirira kubva mukukanganiswa kwema mains, uye C4 inotsvedza kunze ma ripples. Panguva iyo ikozvino inoshandiswa, 2 resistors – R2 uye R3 – inogadzirisa uye panguva imwechete ichidzivirira kubva kune pfupi dunhu, uye chinhu cheVD1 chinoshandura mhepo inoshandura. Apo kushandiswa kwemazuva ano kunomira, iyo capacitor inosunungurwa nerubatsiro rwe resistor R4. R2, R3 uye R4 haishandiswe nevagadziri vese.
Minuses:

1. Diode burnout , sezvo kugadzikana kwekugovera ikozvino hakuonekwi. Iyo voltage yekutakura inoenderana zvachose nemagetsi ekupa.
2. Hapana galvanic isolation , kune njodzi yekuvhunduka kwemagetsi. Hazvikurudzirwi kubata ikozvino-kutakura zvinhu panguva yekuparara kwemarambi, sezvavari pasi pechikamu.
3. Zvinenge zvisingabviri kuwana mhepo inopenya yakakwirira , nokuti izvi zvingada kuwedzera kwe capacitances ye capacitors.

With impulse driver

Inodzivirira kubva kumagetsi ekuwedzera uye kukanganisa mune network. Muenzaniso ndeye CPC9909 modhi. Kubudirira kunosvika 98% – chiratidzo apo munhu anogona kunyatsotaura nezvekuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedza.
Chigadzirwa chacho chinogona kushandiswa zvakananga kubva kune high voltage – kusvika ku 550 V, sezvo mutyairi ane yakagadzirirwa-in stabilizer.

Iyo microcircuit inoshandiswa zvinobudirira kusimudzira emergency uye backup magetsi emagetsi network, sezvo yakakodzera boost inoshandura maseketi.

Pamba, zvichibva paCPC9909, marambi ane bhatiri kana madhiraivha ane simba risingadariki 25 V anowanzo unganidzwa. Semuenzaniso, iyo MAX16833 chip ine inopinza voltage range ye5 kusvika 65 V, nepo MAX16822 ine voltage range ye 6.5 kusvika 65 V. Mamwe machipisi anokubvumira kuti uise kutendeuka frequency kubva 20 kHz kusvika 2 MHz. Iwo MAX16801 uye MAX16802 madhiraivha e LED anotendera iwe kugadzira DC/DC inoshandura inosvika 10A inobuda ikozvino.The MAX16807, MAX16809, MAX16838, uye MAX16814 madhiraivha e LED anopa 1:5000 inobuda ikozvino gadziriso renji. Mazhinji ekuchinja madhiraivha e LED anotendera iwe kuti usarudze yakanyanya kunaka yedunhu topology yekushanda kwakanyanya.

With dimmable driver

Iyo dimmer inoshandiswa kushandura zvakanaka kusimba kwemwenje. Imwe yemhando huru isimba. Nhamba yakawanda yemwenje yakabatanidzwa nayo inobva pane simba. Kugadzirisa kupenya kwemagetsi ekuvhenekesa kunokubvumira kuti uise chiyero chinodiwa chekuvhenekera muimba. Zviri nyore:

• pakugadzira nzvimbo dzakasiyana;
• kuderedza kupenya kwechiedza masikati;
• kuratidza zvinhu zvemukati.

Iwo akakamurwa kuita mapoka zvichienderana nerudzi rwekutonga:

• mechanical;
• push-bhatani;
• kure.

Nekubatsirwa kwe dimmer, kushandiswa kwemagetsi kunowedzera kunzwisisika, uye hupenyu hwebasa rekushandisa kwemagetsi hunowedzera.

Kune mhando mbiri:

• NePWM control. Vanoiswa pakati pemwenje uye magetsi. Simba rinopihwa nenzira yemapulses enguva dzakasiyana.
• 2nd maonero. Izvo zvinoshandiswa kune zvishandiso zvine yakagadzikana ikozvino uye zvinokanganisa iyo sosi yemagetsi pachayo.

Iyo e14 dimmable LED mwenje inonyatsokodzera kupedzisa otomatiki masisitimu. Bata nekuita kwechiedza sosi. Izvo zvinonyanya kudiwa nevatengi. 14 ndiyo dhayamita yechigadziko chemwenje, inoratidzirwa mumamirimita. Nhasi, mababu aya anowanikwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana:

• bhora;
• a drop;
• kenduru;
• howa.

Dhiraivha yekubatanidza dhizaini ye LEDs

Kune mhando nhatu dzekubatanidza, ngatitarisei muenzaniso nevatengi vatanhatu. Kurasikirwa kwavo kwemagetsi ndeye 3 V, iko kushandiswa kuri 300 mA:

• consistent;
• parallel;
• zvakatevedzana ne2.

Mhando huru dzezvirongwa:

• Microchip based. Iyo PT4115 ine pini yakaparadzana yekudzora iyo yekubatidza nekubvisa maLEDs. Uchishandisa pini iyi, unogona kuwana nyore nyore dimmable LED mutyairi. Mutyairi asingadzimike anowanikwa nekushandura nhanho inogona kuitika paDIM pini (inoenderera mberi mutyairi mashandiro), kana nekushandisa pulse chiratidzo cheinodiwa basa cycle kwairi (pulse mode ine stroboscopic effect). Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, iyo yakakura yekudzokorora chiyero ndeye 50 kHz.
• Smooth turning ye LEDs, kana capacitor yakabatana pakati peDIM pini uye pasi. Nguva yekusvika pakupenya kwakanyanya ichaenderana necapacitance ye capacitor, iyo yakakura, iyo yakareba iyo mwenje inopenya kumusoro, zvichiteerana.
• Nenguva dzose voltage dimmer. Inoshanda nekuda kwekuti mukati meiyo microcircuit pini yeDIM “inodhonzwa” kubhazi re5 V kuburikidza ne200 kΩ resistor. Kana iyo potentiometer slider iri panzvimbo yayo yepamusoro, mutsara wemagetsi we 200 + 200 kΩ unoumbwa uye simba re 5/2 = 2.5 V rinoumbwa paDIM pini, iyo inoenderana ne100% kupenya.
• Pasina galvanic isolation . Nyore uye yakavimbika. The divider inobva pakukwanisa. Iyo electrolytic capacitor inopfavisa ma ripples mushure mekugadzirisa. L7812 ndiyo stabilizer pachayo.

Vatyairi vakagadzirirwa kukwenenzvera kunze kwese kwazvino kuvhiya mumagetsi system. Sarudzo yavo kana kuzvibatanidza kunofanirwa kusvikirwa zvine mutsindo uye chete mushure mekuverenga ese anodiwa paramita. Zvirongwa zvemutyairi zvichakubatsira iwe kusarudza chishandiso chakakodzera uye nekuchiisa nemazvo.