Zvimiro uye kubatana kwe12 volt mwenje we LED

Nekuvandudzwa kweinjiniya yemagetsi, mwenje wechinyakare incandescent haisisiri iyo yega sarudzo yekuvhenekesa imba. 12V mwenje we LED wakawana mukurumbira mukuru pakati pevatengi. Nekuda kwesimba ravo repamusoro uye kuvimbika, vakatsiva midziyo yemhando yepamusoro.

Chigadzirwa uye nheyo yekushanda kwemarambi e LED

Mwenje-emitting diode (LED) marambi anoshanda pamagetsi e12 V uye ane akati wandei akabatanidzwa mune imwe imba.

Funga nezvezvinhu zvikuru:

• Plinth. Iyo yakakwenenzverwa musocket yechandelier kana imwe mwenje. Kazhinji kazhinji, yekushandiswa kwepamba, screw base yeE27 uye E14 mhando inogadzirwa. Iyo inogadzirwa zvakanyanya nendarira, ine nickel-plated anti-corrosion coating.
• Mutyairi. Chinhu chinodzikamisa voltage iri kuuya. Inoshandura AC kuita DC kuti ishandise iyo LED.
• Radiator. Chinhu chinogadzira tembiricha inogamuchirika yekushanda kwe LEDs. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye aluminium uye composite, ivo vane bhajeti uye vanonyatsobvisa kupisa.
• Diffuser. I “hood” yakajeka inobatsira kuparadzanisa chiedza munzvimbo. Yakagadzirwa muchimiro chehemisphere kuti iparadzire chiedza pakona yakakura. Iyo inoshandiswa ndeye polycarbonate kana plastiki. Iyo diffuser inodzivirira guruva uye hunyoro kubva mukati meimba.
• LEDs. Chinhu chikuru chekushanda kwemwenje. Nekuda kwekushanda kwe diode, mwenje unooneka.

Chigadzirwa chemwenje che LED:

Iyo nzira yekushanda inoenderana nemaitiro emuviri mune semiconductors. Kupenya kunoonekwa mushure mekufamba kwemagetsi emagetsi kuburikidza nemuganhu wekubatana kwema semiconductors maviri, imwe inofanira kutungamirirwa nema electrons anopomerwa zvisina kunaka, uye imwe neyoni inopomerwa zvakanaka.

Somugumisiro, chiedza chinoonekwa neziso. Mukuwedzera kune kupenya, kunewo kusunungurwa kwekupisa, kunobviswa kubva ku LED uchishandisa radiator.

Tsanangudzo ye12V LED bulbs

Kune akawanda ehunyanzvi uye anoshanda maficha e12 V marambi. Rondedzero yezvakanyanya:

• Kupisa kwemavara. Kuita kwaro kuri muhuwandu hwe2700-6500 K. Kana mwenje uchishanda, kutonhora (kuchena) kana kudziya (yellow) chiedza chinokunda.
• Kugara kwenguva refu. Hupenyu hwepakati pezvigadziriso zvemwenje maawa 50,000.
• Simba. Ichi chiratidzo chakakosha kuverenga kushandiswa kwese kwemwenje muimba kana chivakwa zvachose. Kune marudzi ese emarambi e LED, kushandiswa kwesimba kunosiyana kubva pa3 kusvika ku25 watts.
• Kuvepo kwemutyairi. Sezvo mutemo, vagadziri vanoita marambi e LED nehuwandu hwemagetsi – somuenzaniso, 150-250 V. Nokudaro, zvigadzirwa zvakadaro hazvina ngozi kune madonhwe makuru emagetsi.
• Nzira yekuyerera kwechiedza. Iyo LED pachayo inogona kungotungamira mwaranzi mune imwe nzira. Kana mudziyo wekuvhenekesa uchifanira kuvhenekera zvese zvakatenderedza zvakaenzana, nekuda kweizvi zvinodikanwa kuisa diffuser yakagadzirwa nechando polycarbonate pamberi pe LED.
• Kugona kugadzirisa kupenya. Kudzora mwero wekuvhenekera, dimmer inoshandiswa (mudziyo unogadzira simba nenzira yemapulses). Zvinoenderana neiyo pulse frequency, mwenje unopisa zvishoma kana kupenya.

Mhando dzemarambi e LED nezvigadziko zvawo

Nekugadzira, LED mwenje masosi akakamurwa kuva akati wandei marudzi. Iwo anotevera:

• general chinangwa zvishandiso – zvinoshandiswa pakuvhenekesa zvivakwa zveindasitiri, uye munzvimbo yekugara;
• Mwenje ye LED ine chiedza chakatarisa – yakaiswa mumidziyo, inoshandiswa kuvhenekera zvikamu zvezvivakwa uye nzvimbo;
• marambi emutsetse – ane chigadziko chakafanana neaya efluorescent, ayo anotendera iwe kuti uchinje kutsiva imwe sosi yemwenje neimwe.

Kana uchibatanidza magetsi e LED kune mutsara wemagetsi ane voltage ye 220 V, inofanira kushandiswa nemagetsi emagetsi, anosarudzwa achifunga nezvechinangwa chekugadzirisa.

Mhando dzemagetsi ekushandisa:

• Yakavharwa – inoshandiswa kuisa marambi muimba yekugezera, sauna, sechiedza chemugwagwa.
• Leaky – yakagadzirirwa kuiswa mukati meimba ine yakajairika humidity chiratidzo.
• Nekutonhora kunoshanda – yakashongedzerwa nefeni kuti iwedzere simba uye kuderedza saizi.
• Passive kutonhora – heatsink inoshandiswa kubvisa kupisa.

Hunhu hunokosha hwezvipo zvemagetsi:

• Simba.
• kubuda ikozvino.
• Output voltage.

Kuitira kuti magetsi emwenje e LED akwane iyo yakatoshandiswa magetsi emagetsi chirongwa chedzimba, iwo akashongedzerwa ne screw bases. Seimwe nzira yemarambi ehalogen, marambi ane mabhesi epini anogadzirwa.

Mhando huru dzeplinth dzinoratidzwa mutafura:

Kupisa kwemavara

Mukupenya kwemwenje we LED masosi, ingave yebhuruu wavelength kana tsvuku ine yero inotungamira. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, ivo vakakamurwa kuva kutonhora uye kudziya, maererano.

Kupisa kwemavara kune zvakasiyana-siyana:

• kusvika 2800 K – inodziya yero mwenje ine tint tsvuku;
• 3000 K – inodziya chena mwenje ine yero;
• 3500 K – yakasikwa isina kwayakarerekera chena mwenje;
• 4000 K – kutonhora kuchena;
• 5000-6000 K – masikati machena;
• 6500 K uye pamusoro – inotonhora masikati ane bluish tint.

Simba uye kushanda voltage 

Kudzidza maitiro ekushanda pane chigadzirwa kurongedza, iyo yakawanda inotarisa pane zvakakosha zvekushandisa simba uye kushanda kwemagetsi.

Chiratidzo chesimba chakakosha pakuverenga huwandu hwemagetsi ekushandisa. Mwenje ye LED inogadzirwa nesimba rakasiyana, maererano nechinangwa chavo. Semuenzaniso, kubva pa3 kusvika ku20 watts inokwana imba, mamwe marambi ane simba, anenge 25 watts, anodiwa kuvhenekera mugwagwa.

Chimwe chiratidzo chakakosha ndeyekushanda kwemagetsi. Nzvimbo yemazuva ano inogona kunge isingagumi kana kuti yakasiyana-siyana, asi magetsi e LED anoda nguva dzose – 12 V. Mutyairi ane mutoro webasa ravo, rinoshandura mumambure kune chiratidzo chinodiwa.

Mwenje ye12V LED inoshandiswa kupi?

Nekuda kwekuderera kwemagetsi uye huwandu hukuru hwemhando dzepasi, 12 volt mabulb e LED ari pasi rose. Vanogona kushandiswa kune:

• general lighting (12 volt LEDs for chandeliers), kusanganisira iyo yakavakirwa mukati yakatambanudzwa sirin’i (LED sirin’i mwenje);
• mwenje wekushongedza – kunze uye mukati (spotlights).

Motokari LED bulbs iboka rakasiyana, iro rinogona kuisirwa munenge ese emota magetsi emagetsi. Iyo 12v mwenje we LED yakagadzirirwawo macornices, fenicha, mahwindo ezvitoro, zvitubu, nzira dzebindu, mibhedha yemaruva. Zviri nyore kusanganiswa muzvimiro:

• panels;
• zvikwangwani;
• signboards.

Simba repasi-voltage rinopa zvishandiso nekuwedzera kwemagetsi uye kuchengetedzwa kwemoto, izvo zvinovabvumira kushandiswa mumakamuri anotevera:

• kitchens;
• dzimba dzokugezera;
• saunas;
• madziva, kusanganisira kuvhenekera pasi pemvura;
• matura;
• dzimba dzepasi;
• kunze pasina matanho ekudzivirira akakosha uye wiring nekuwedzera kwekudzivirira.

Wiring diagram ye 12 V marambi

Kubatana kwakafanana nemarambi e-incandescent uye fluorescent – iwe unofanirwa kubvisa-energize cartridge uye kupukuta mwenje mairi. Kana iwe uchida kubatanidza akati wandei LED magetsi masosi, ipapo maviri ekubatanidza sarudzo anogoneka: serial uye parallel.

serial connection

Inoda nhamba shoma yewaya, asi haiwanzoshandiswa. Chikonzero cheizvi zvikanganiso zvinotevera:

• apo rimwe girobhu rinopisa, dunhu rose rinokundikana;
• marambi haashande nesimba rakazara, sezvo kana yakabatana mumutsara, iyo voltage inopfupikiswa.

Chirongwa chacho chiri nyore:

1. Tungamira chikamu kubva kubhokisi rekubatanidza kune switch.
2. Kubva pakuchinja, tambanudza chikamu kune mwenje we LED.
3. Batanidza tambo yekusarerekera kune yechipiri kusangana kwerambi rekupedzisira mudunhu.
4. Dhonza tambo yechikamu kubva kumarambi kune mumwe nemumwe.

Parallel connection

Mukana mukuru ndewekuti iyo voltage imwechete inoshandiswa kune ese ma bulbs ari mudunhu. Muchiitiko chekutsva, chete chitubu chechiedza chakakundikana chinodonha kunze kwedunhu, izvo zviri nyore kutsiva.

Zvakakosha kufunga nezvenguva yekubatanidza kwezvinhu zvose. Kazhinji kazhinji, terminal block inoshandiswa kune izvi. Kune rumwe rutivi, chikamu chinopiwa kune vanosvetuka varo, kune reverse side, waya dzakabatanidzwa, dzichitambanudzwa kubva kumabhururu emwenje.

Wiring diagram:

Zvakanakira nezvayakaipira

Kuti uchinje kumidziyo yekuvhenekesa yakabatana kune yakaderera-voltage magetsi sosi, iwe unofanirwa kudzidza zvakanakira nekuipira kwavo. Pakati pezvakanakira pane zvinotevera:

• Safety. Kushandiswa kwemarambi e LED mune 12V zvigadziriso zvinowedzera mwero wekudzivirira uye kubvisa mukana wekuvhunduka kwemagetsi.
• Kuchengetedza moto. Low-voltage wiring haigoni kuva chitubu chekupisa uye kukonzera moto.
• Saving. Paunenge uchishandisa chiedza ichi chekamuri, kushandiswa kwemagetsi uye, maererano naizvozvo, mari yekubhadhara zvikwereti inoderedzwa.
• Ushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza. Iwo madhizaini haashandise zvinhu izvo, panguva yekushanda kwechigadzirwa, zvinoburitsa zvinhu zvinokuvadza kune hutano hwevanhu kana hwemhuka.
• Kuvimbika. Iwo marambi anopikisa zvakanyanya kukuvadzwa kwemuchina: mavanga, machipisi, nezvimwe.

Izvo zvakashata zvemarambi e LED akagadzirirwa 12V anosanganisira:

• Iko kudiwa kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi (PSU). Kuvapo kwemutyairi anodzikamisa uye kudzikisa mains voltage kubva 220 kusvika 12 V kunokanganisa wiring, kunoderedza kupenya kwemwenje, uye nekuda kweiyo imwezve isina simba link inoonekwa mudunhu, iyo inogona kutadza.
• Kupenya kupenya. Simba rechiedza chinopenya chemwenje chakabatanidzwa kune yakaderera-voltage network inobatwa nekudonha kwemagetsi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwehuwandu huripo.

Yakanyatsosarudzwa LED mwenje sosi ichashanda kwenguva yakareba. Ikozvino kukanganisa kukuru kwemarambi mutengo wavo wakakwira, asi nekuvandudzwa uye kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi, ivo vanozowanikwa pachena kune vese vatengi.

12 volt mwenje we LED inogona kunzi ndiyo inogamuchirwa sarudzo yemutengi. Vane hunhu hwese hunodiwa hwekubudirira uye kushanda zvakanaka kwenguva yakareba. Vagadziri vanopa huwandu hwakasiyana, vachibvumira munhu wese kuti asarudze yakanakira sarudzo ivo pachavo.