Kubatanidza mitsara ye LED: mitemo, madhayagiramu, zvikanganiso zvakajairika

Kuvhenekera kwe LED kwakakurumbira zvikuru, uye nekuda kwekureruka kwekuiswa kwe LED strips, kunyange vanhu vasina ruzivo rwakanyanya mubasa rakadaro vanogona kuiisa. Iwe unongoda ruzivo rwekutanga chikoro chefizikisi uye nekutevera nhanho-nhanho mirairo.

General mitemo yekubatanidza LED strip

Paunenge uchiisa LED mitsetse, unofanira kutevedzera zvinotevera mitemo:

• Chigadzirwa chacho hachifanirwe kuisirwa kune chero mechanical stress (haifanire kunge yakakotama, yakaunyana), zvikasadaro pachava nezvinetso zvine chekuita nevanobatika, uye zvakanyanya chete zvikamu zvega zvinopenya patepi.
• Muchigadziro chekubatanidza zvidimbu zvematepi, zvakakosha kuti udzivise kukanganisa kune conductive tracks pabhodhi. Zvikasadaro, kukuvara kwakafanana kuchaitika.
• Kana iyo yazvino mutoro wematepi chidimbu ichipfuura 4A, vagadziri havakurudzire kushandisa zvibatanidza kubatanidza uye kubatanidza LED mitsetse. Zvichava zvakachengeteka kushandisa soldering.
• Simba remagetsi rinofanirwa kusarudzwa zvichienderana nekuremerwa kwakazara kwechigadzirwa che LED, uye simba rePSU rinofanira kunge riri makumi matatu muzana. Kana simba reyuniti rakaderera, zvino mugore rekushanda richava risina kunaka, se tepi, uye mari yekuchengetedza mari haizoruramiswa.
• Iyo RGB controller kana dimmer kuti ichinje ruvara kana kupenya uye kuwana inoshanduka mhedzisiro haifanire kunge ine simba shoma pane yakabatana tepi. Muchiitiko ichi, hapana chikonzero chekuchengetedza simba. Kana iyo RGB controller kana dimmer isina simba rakakwana, ipapo imwe yekuwedzera chiratidzo amplifier ichadikanwa kuti igadzirise iyo isipo simba uye inodiwa nhamba yematanho (yeimwe-ruvara tepi – imwe chiteshi, yeRGB tepi – matatu, ye a RGBW tepi – ina).

• Kana simbi kana imwe conductive surface inoshandiswa kugadzirisa LED strip, zvino zvakakosha kuisa magetsi ekudzivirira zvinhu pakati pemutsetse uye kutsigirwa kuitira kuti pasave nekuyerera ikozvino.
• Kudzivirirwa kweguruva uye kunyorova kunofanirwa kuitwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekushandiswa kweiyo tepi mudziyo.
• Pane mukana wekukuvadza tepi nemagetsi akasimba.
• Kana uchisimbisa tepi dhiraivha, yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika kubata nyanzvi. Kana izvi zvisingabviri, saka iwe unogona kuita kubatana iwe pachako. Izvo zvakanyanya kukosha kusavhiringidza iyo yekuisa (220V) uye inobuda (12/24V) nzvimbo. Kuti urege kuwana kushamiswa kwemagetsi, haufaniri kushanda pasi pemagetsi.

Iyo inoteedzana yekubatanidza nyore kweiyo LED strip

Iyo iri nyore uye inokurumidza nzira yekubatanidza waya kune yekusangana pads ye LED strip ndeye mechaniki yekubatanidza uchishandisa yakakosha LED yekubatanidza. Kuti ubatanidze, zvinodikanwa kuenzanisa mapedhi ekusangana e tepi nematanho ekubatanidza uye snap chivharo. Iyi nzira inodhura nokuti imwe yekubatanidza inodhura inenge 0.5 m yetepi uye haina kuvimbika sekutengesa. Haasi munhu wese anobvumirana nemitengo yemari yakadaro, zvichipihwa kuti mudziyo wekuvhenekesa une akawanda matepi zvikamu, uye kwete imwe.

Tape Kureba Kuverenga

Kutanga, kuverengwa kwehurefu hukuru hwechikamu icho chigadziro che tepi chichagadziriswa chinoitwa. Iva nechokwadi chekufungisisa kuti kuchekwa kwe tepi kunogona kuitwa pane dzimwe nguva maererano nenhamba ye LED.

Kucheka tepi

Chigadzirwa chacho chinoumbwa nezvikamu zvakabatana zvakafanana. Sechikamu chechikamu chimwe che tepi ine magetsi ekupa 12V, pane zviitiko zvitatu zvine diode uye zvitatu zvinopikisa. Imba yega yega ine matatu semiconductor makristasi ane tsvuku, girinhi uye bhuruu kupenya. Kune makristasi ane rumwe ruvara, sequential switching inoitwa. Kudzikamisa simba rezvino richipfuura nemaketani edhiodhi, kuramba kuri munhevedzano: R1, R2, R3. Pane dzimwe nguva apo iwe unoda kubatanidza chete chidimbu chiduku che tepi, uye kwete yose mamita mashanu echigadzirwa, iyo iri muzinga reel. Zvadaro inofanira kutemwa munzvimbo dzakatarwa.

Iyo LED strip inogona kutemwa neyakajairwa clerical scissors. Sezvo mutemo, zvikamu zvakacherechedzwa zvakaenzana nema LED matatu. Izvi zvinokonzerwa neiyo serial parallelization yemakopi matatu.

Kana iyo tepi yakatemwa pamwe chete nemitsetse yemugadziri, zvino izvi hazvizotungamiri kumigumisiro yakaipa. Asi ma LED maviri chete ane denderedzwa rakavhurika haazopenye.

Kubatanidza kune 220 V network, kubatanidza magetsi, dimmer

Mushure mekusarudza sosi yemagetsi, unofanirwa kubatanidza tambo ye LED kwairi.

Scheme kubva kune imwe magetsi uye imwe tepi

Waya dzekubatanidza dzakabatanidzwa kumucheto wekunze we tepi. Kana ivo vasipo, unotofanira kuvatengesa. Waya dzvuku (-+) nedema (–) inoyerwa kureba zvekuti inokwana kune magetsi. Vanocheneswa kubva kumativi maviri. Uchishandisa simbi yakaderera-simba, solder waya kune tepi matepi. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira kuti zvisakuvadza ma LED, kwete kuapisa. Munzvimbo idzo soldering yaiitwa, yemhando yepamusoro insulation inofanira kuitwa uchishandisa kupisa shrink tubing. Zvadaro tepi yakabatanidzwa kune magetsi. Tarisa vhidhiyo yekumisikidzwa kwakapfava kwe LED: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmdDpr5sJH8

Scheme yeimwe magetsi uye matepi maviri (tichifunga nezvesimba rakakodzera remagetsi emutoro wakadaro)

Kana iwe uchida kuisa, semuenzaniso, masere-mita e LED strip, iwe uchafanirwa kubatanidza zvikamu zviviri zve 3 kana 5 metres imwe neimwe. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, nzvimbo yemutsara wekucheka inosarudzwa. Zvadaro, nerubatsiro rwetambo, dunhu rakaputsika rinotengeswa. Mushure mekutengesa, zvidimbu zviviri zvinogona kungobatanidzwa mukufanana, kwete mumutsara. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, imwe magetsi inobatanidzwa kune akati wandei ma LED mitsetse iri munzvimbo dzakasiyana (semuenzaniso, kuvhenekesa hwindo rechitoro muzvitoro kana kuvhenekesa zvimwe zvinhu pamadaro akasiyana). Muchiitiko ichi, hapana chikonzero chekuisa waya kune chikamu chimwe nechimwe. Iwe unogona kutsiva zvese nemugwagwa mukuru, kune iyo inodiwa nhamba ye LED mitsetse yakatobatanidzwa. Iyo dimmer ye LED strip inopihwa simba ne12/24V. Iyo yakabatanidzwa mudunhu rine simba rekupa, uye kune rumwe rutivi, tambo ye LED yakabatana nayo. Kubuda kwemagetsi emagetsi kwakabatana nekuisa kwe dimmer, uye kubuda kwayo kwakabatana ne LED strip. Iva nechokwadi chekucherechedza polarity.

Kana iyo dimmer isina simba rakakwana rekubatanidza tepi, saka unofanirwa kushandisa amplifier (iyo dhizaini yekubatanidza inoratidzwa pakutanga kwechinyorwa).

Kubatanidza tape zvidimbu

Soldering inoshandiswa kubatanidza zvikamu zvematepi zvikamu. Izvo zvinodiwa kuti uchenese pamusoro pematanho ekusangana anowanikwa munharaunda yekucheka mitsetse. Imwe neimwe puratifomu pachikamu chekupedzisira che tepi yakabatana nepuratifomu kubva kune rumwe rutivi. Muchiitiko ichi, tambo inoshandiswa, iyo dhayamita isingapfuuri 0.5 mm. Kuti uwane ruzivo kune mapedhi ekusangana, zvinodikanwa kubvisa jira resilicone yekuputira tepi (zvakanamirwa chete zvigadzirwa zvinazvo). Ipapo waya dzinotengeswa kunzvimbo idzi. Pane zvingasarudzwa zvekubatanidza mitsetse ye LED uchishandisa zvibatanidza. Kuti vaite izvi, maitirwo avo akabatanidzwa kune mumwe nemumwe, uye chivharo chinoputirwa pamusoro.

Complex wiring diagrams

Kubatanidza matepi akawanda

Kana matepi akawanda akabatanidzwa, uye magetsi haapi simba rakakwana, saka rimwe nerimwe rawo rinogona kushandiswa neine chikwata chayo kana iine maparameter anodiwa.

Kubatanidza RGB tepi

Kana 
uchibatanidza RGB LED strip , imwe mudziyo unoshandiswa – mutongi. Nekubatsira kwayo, mavara anodzorwa, kusimba kwekuvhenekera kwema diode kunoenderana nazvo. Misiyano kubva kune imwechete-mavara matepi ndeyokuti waya ina dzinoshandiswa pakubatanidza: imwe yadzo inowanzoitika, uye mavara anodzorwa achishandisa mamwe matatu matatu. Kana uchibatanidza, soldering kana zvakakosha zvibatanidza zvinoshandiswa.

Kubatanidza kune komputa magetsi

Iyo PC simba rekupa ine 12V simba njanji inokodzera maLED module. Muhupo hweATX block, mudziyo haugone kutangwa nekukasira mumagetsi. Kuti uite izvi, unofanira kutanga wavhara waya dzakasvibirira uye dzakasviba pane huru yekubatanidza.
Ipapo iyo molex yekubatanidza inogurwa kana iyo molex mhando “amai” inoshandiswa, uye tepi inotengeswa kune waya wayo. Mhedzisiro ndeye dhizaini inoputsika. Kuti ubatanidze chishandiso chine simba kwazvo chekuvhenekesa, zvinokurudzirwa kusanganisa waya akati wandei yero kudzikisa kudonha kwemagetsi.

Iyo komputa magetsi haikurudzirwe kushandiswa pasina mutoro.

Zvinogoneka zvikanganiso zvekubatanidza uye kubviswa kwavo

Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekukundikana kwe LED zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaderera-mhando uye magetsi emagetsi, pamwe nekuiswa kusina kunaka uye kubatana kwe tepi. Nekuda kwekukanganisa, hupenyu hwemagetsi ekuvhenekesa hwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya.

Zvikanganiso pakubatanidza tepi refu

Paunenge uchigadzira chinongedzo chekushongedza, tambo yekuvhenekesa inogona kuve 10 kana kunyange 25 metres kureba. Pakutanga kuona, zvinoita sekunge unogona kuibatanidza mukutevedzana uye wapedza. Zvisinei, izvi zviito zvisiri izvo. Chidimbu chimwe chetepi chinogona kunge chakareba mamita mashanu kureba, nokuti yakamboverengerwa kuti imwe chiyero chemazuva ano inogona kuyerera nemakwara ayo. Kana uchibatanidza chimwe chikamu chemamita mashanu emutsetse we LED, kune kuwedzera kukuru kwemutoro wakaverengwa pamitambo yekufambisa muchikamu chekutanga. Kubatana kwakadaro kunotungamirira kune kupenya kusina kuenzana kwe LED uye kunokonzera kukurumidza kupisa. Kuti uvhenekere zvikamu izvo kureba kwacho kunopfuura mamita mashanu, zvimedu zvematepi zvakabatana zvakafanana, nokuda kweizvi uchafanira kushandisa tambo yakareba yekubatanidza (5 m kana kupfuura).

Chinhu chikuru chekufunga ndechekupikisa kwepamusoro kwetambo refu. Panyaya iyi, kuitira kuti voltage irege kudonha zvakanyanya mukati mayo, iyi waya yekuwedzera inofanira kunge yakapetwa kaviri.

Mitsetse ye LED yakabatana nemagetsi maviri kana maviri uchishandisa mativi maviri kana maviri mativi. Mukuwedzera, nekuiswa kwemativi maviri, simba rechigadzirwa rinofanira kunge rakapfuura 9.6 W / m. Kuvhenekera kwakadaro kuchave kunodhura, nokuti imwe tambo ichadiwa, asi iyi inobhadharwa nehutano uye hupenyu hurefu hwebasa.

Kuisa tepi pasina chimiro

Iyo tambo ye LED inofanirwa kuve yakamisikidzwa kune aruminiyamu mbiri inoita senge inotonhorera radiator. Panguva yekushanda, kwete chete rukova rwechiedza runobva kune diode, asiwo kupisa, uye kana kupisa kukaitika, chiedza chavo chinobuda chichaderera, nokuti ma LED achaderedza uye anoparara. Somugumisiro, zvinosvika kuti panzvimbo yemakore mashanu ebasa rematepi, ichakundikana mukati megore. Nekudaro, kana chimiro chealuminium chiripo, iwo ma LED anozoshanda pane yakajairika tembiricha mamiriro. Nzira yekusarudza uye kuisa purogiramu inotsanangurwa
pano .

Kupisa kwakanyanya kunowanzoitika kune mitsetse ye LED ine silicone inodzivirira firimu pane diode. Kupisa kwekupisa pamatepi akadaro kunoitika chete kuburikidza ne substrate, uye kana yakanamirwa kune huni kana epurasitiki pamusoro, kukurumidza kupisa kunovimbiswa kune matepi akadaro.

Kusarudzwa kwakashata kwekupa magetsi

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti simba remagetsi rinofanira kunge riri 30% yakakwirira kudarika simba rose re LED strip yakabatana nayo. Kutenda kune iyi simba rekuchengetedza, mudziyo uchakwanisa kushanda zvakavimbika uye kwenguva yakareba. Paunenge uchiisa magetsi ane anenge akaenzana emagetsi ma parameter, anozoshanda pamuganho waro, izvo zvinozotungamira mukuderedzwa kwechishandiso chayo. Hazvisi zvakaoma kuverenga simba rinodiwa remagetsi. Semuenzaniso, kana uchitenga tepi yemamita gumi nemashanu, kana simba rayo riri 4.8 W pa 1 mita, ukuru hwesimba rose huchava 4.8×15 + 72 V. Izvi zvinoda simba rekupa simba rine simba re 30%, se mhedzisiro, 93.6 Watt. Maitiro ekuverenga simba rinodiwa remagetsi rinotsanangurwa zvakadzama muvhidhiyo iri pazasi: https://youtu.be/WA07cYPxYD0?t=93 Kuve wakazvimiririra kudzidza maficha ekubatanidza LED mitsetse, iwe unogona kupa chero nzvimbo yebasa kana imba nemagetsi anoshanda uye ehupfumi. Chinhu chikuru ndechokutevera mitemo iri nyore yekushanda nemagetsi uye maverengero akaitwa.