Chii chinonzi mutyairi wemarambi akatungamira, ungasarudza sei uye tarisa mudziyo uyu?

Special electronic circuits – vatyairi – vanokubvumira kuti uwedzere hupenyu hwe LEDs, ita yunifomu yavo inopenya uye yemhando yepamusoro. Tichadzidza kuti chigadziri ichi chinoshanda sei, kusarudza nekuchiisa nenzira kwayo, uye kuti ungachigadzira sei iwe pachako.

Chii chinonzi mutyairi uye nei chichidiwa?

Ma LED anonyanya kunzwisiswa nekuchinja kwezvikamu zvemagetsi, saka akabatanidzwa kune network kuburikidza nemutyairi – chigadzirwa chemagetsi chinodzora ikozvino uye magetsi. Kazhinji, mutyairi wemwenje unotungamirirwa anosarudzwa nemuganhu wesimba uye achifunga nezvehuwandu hwekubuda kwemhepo uye ikozvino. Kana ma paramita ayo asingakodzeri mudziyo we LED, unozove usinga shandiswe, unofanirwa kuraswa.

Nheyo yekushanda, yekare yedunhu uye musiyano kubva kune magetsi

Kunyange zvazvo mutyairi achiwanzonzi magetsi, pane musiyano pakati pezviviri izvi. Mutyairi ndiye sosi yezvino inochengetedza kukosha kwayo kwekugara ichipfuura nepakati pe LED, uye iyo magetsi inochengetedza yakagadzikana voltage. Funga kuti magetsi anoshanda sei pane imwe muenzaniso:

• Batanidza kuramba (R) kwe40 ohms kune 12 V sosi.
• Rega ikozvino (I) ye 300 mA ichiyerera kuburikidza nekupikisa. Iine maviri resistors akaiswa, iyo yazvino ichapeta kusvika ku600 mA. Muchiitiko ichi, magetsi haashanduki, sezvo ane hukama hwakaenzana neazvino uye kuramba (mutemo we Ohm I \u003d U / R).

Zvino ngationei kuti mutyairi anoshanda sei:

• Rega 30 Ω resistor (R) ibatanidzwe munharaunda ine 225 mA mutyairi.
• Kana, pamhepo (U) ye12 V, maviri 30 Ohm resistors akabatanidzwa akafanana akabatanidzwa, ikozvino icharamba yakafanana – 225 mA, uye magetsi achava hafu yakawanda – 6 V.

Mutyairi anozopedzisira apa mutoro nekupihwa kwazvino kubuda, zvisinei nekukwira kwemagetsi. Nokudaro, ma LED, ayo achagoverwa nemagetsi e6 V, achapenya zvakajeka sekunge ane chitubu che 10 V, kana imwe nhanho yemazuva ano inoshandiswa pairi. LED
mutyairi wedunhu: Mutyairi wedunhu ane matatu akabatana node:

• capacitance yekuparadzanisa magetsi;
• kugadzirisa module;
• stabilizer.

Mashandiro anoita dunhu:

1. Kana ikozvino yapfuura, capacitor C inobhadharwa kusvikira yazara. Iyo idiki kugona kwayo, inokurumidza kuchaja.
2. Alternating current inoshandurwa kuita pulsating. Chikamu chekutanga chemafungu chinokwenenzverwa kunze sezvo ichipfuura necapacitor C.
3. Iyo electrolytic capacitor inopedza dunhu inoshanda seyakatsetseka sefa-stabilizer.

Zvinotsanangurwa

Paunenge uchitenga mwenje we LED, ungangoda kutenga mutyairi kana mudziyo wekuvhenekesa usina chinoshandura ikozvino. Main maitiro:

• kubuda ikozvino, A;
• simba rekushanda, W;
• kubuda kwemagetsi, V.

Kubuda kwemagetsi kunogona kusiyana. Izvo zvinoenderana nesimba rekubatanidza chirongwa uye nhamba ye LEDs. Chiyero chekupenya uye simba zvinoenderana nehukuru hwezvino. Kuti ma diode avheneke zvakajeka uye arege kupera, ikozvino pane zvakabuda mutyairi inochengetedzwa pamwero wakapiwa. Simba rekushandura rinofanira kunge rakakwirira zvishoma kudarika nhamba yose yewatts ye diode dzose. Kuverenga simba remutyairi, fomula inoshandiswa: P \u003d P (inotungamira) × X apo:

• P (yakatungamira) isimba reimwe LED;
• X ndiyo nhamba ye diode.

Kana iyo yakaverengerwa simba ikava 10 W, mutyairi anofanira kutorwa nechikamu che20-30%.

Mhando dzevatyairi

Vese vatyairi vanosiyaniswa zvinoenderana nemaitiro matatu – zvinoenderana nenzira yekudzikamisa, madhizaini maficha uye kuvapo / kusavapo kwedziviriro. Ngatifungei nezvese sarudzo mune zvakadzama.

Linear uye impulse

Zvichienderana nezvino kudzikamisa dunhu, vatyairi vakakamurwa kuva marudzi maviri – linear uye pulse. Izvo zvakasiyana mumusimboti wekushanda nekushanda. Pamberi pedunhu remagetsi remutyairi, basa rakaiswa – kuve nechokwadi chakagadzikana kukosha kweazvino uye voltage inopihwa kune kristaro (LED). Iyo yakapusa uye yakachipa sarudzo ndeyekusanganisira inomisa resistor mudunhu. Linear power scheme:
Iyi yekutanga dunhu haigone kupa otomatiki ikozvino kugadzirisa. Nekuwedzera kwemagetsi, inokura zvakaenzana uye, kana ichidarika kukosha kunobvumirwa, kristaro ichaputsika kubva pakupisa. Kunyanya kuomarara kutonga kunoitwa nekusanganisira transistor mudunhu. Izvo zvisingabatsiri mutsara wedunhu kuderera kwesimba nekuwedzera kwemagetsi. Iyi sarudzo inoshanda kana uchishandisa low-power led sources, asi kana uchishandisa ma-high-power LEDs, matunhu akadaro haashandiswe. Zvakanakira iyo linear scheme:

• nyore;
• cheapness;
• kuvimbika.

Pamwe chete nemaseketi emitsetse, yazvino uye voltage inogona kugadzikiswa nekudzikama kwepulse:

• mushure mekudzvanya bhatani, iyo capacitor inobhadharwa;
• mushure mekusunungurwa, iyo capacitor inobuda, ichipa simba rakachengetwa kune semiconductor element (LED), iyo inotanga kubudisa chiedza;
• kana iyo voltage ichikwira, ipapo nguva yekuchaja ye capacitor inoderedzwa, kana ikadonha, inowedzera.

Mushandisi haafanire kudzvanya bhatani – zvemagetsi zvinomuitira zvese. Basa remabhatani emagetsi emagetsi emazuva ano rinoitwa nema semiconductors – thyristors kana transistors. Iyo inofungidzirwa musimboti wekushanda inonzi pulse-width modulation mumagetsi. Mazana uye kunyange zviuru zvekushanda zvinogona kuitika pasekondi. Kubudirira kwechirongwa chakadaro kunosvika 95%. Yakarerutswa chirongwa che impulse stabilization:

Electronic, dimmable uye capacitor yakavakirwa

Chiyero chekushandiswa kwayo uye maitiro ekuita zvinoenderana nemusimboti wemutyairi mudziyo. Mhando dzevatyairi zvinoenderana nemusimboti wemudziyo:

• Electronic. Maseketi avo anoshandisa transistor. A capacitor inoiswa pane inobuda, kubvisa kana kanenge kutsvedzerera kunze kwazvino ripples. Vashanduri vemagetsi vanokwanisa kudzikamisa mafambiro anosvika 750 mA. Madhiraivha emhando yemagetsi anonetsekana kwete chete nema ripples, asiwo ne-high-frequency electromagnetic kukanganiswa kunokonzerwa nemidziyo yemagetsi (redhiyo, TV, router, nezvimwewo). Kuderedza kupindira kunobvumira kuvapo kweiyo yakakosha ceramic capacitor. Iyo minus yemutyairi wemagetsi ndiyo inodhura, pamwe nekubudirira kuri pedyo ne95%. Iyo inoshandiswa mumagetsi e-led-marambi ane simba: magetsi emotokari, mwenje, marambi emugwagwa.
• Dimmable. Chimiro chevatyairi vanodzima ndiko kugona kudzora kupenya kwemwenje. Kugadziriswa kunobva pane kuchinja kwezvinobuda, izvo zvinotarisa kupenya kwechiedza chechiedza. Mutyairi anogona kuiswa munharaunda nenzira mbiri: pakati pemwenje uye stabilizer kana pakati pesimba remagetsi uye mushanduri.
• Capacitor yakavakirwa. Aya ndiwo mamodheru asingadhuri anoshandiswa kune yakaderera mitengo ye LED zvigadziriso. Kana mugadziri asina kupa inotsvedza capacitor mudunhu, ipapo ripple inoonekwa pakubuda. Chimwe chinokanganisa kushaikwa kwekuchengeteka. Kubatsira kwemhando dzakadaro ndeyekushanda kwepamusoro, kutarisa ku100%, uye nyore kwedunhu. Vatyairi vakadaro vari nyore kuunganidza nemaoko ako pachako.

Vatyairi veCapacitor vanogona kukonzera flicker uye nekudaro havakurudzirwe kushandiswa nemidziyo yemukati. Flicker inokanganisa kuona uye inogumbura hurongwa hwetsinga.

Ne uye pasina muviri

Mutyairi anogona kana kusaiswa mukati mekesi inodzivirira. Maseketi emagetsi ari panjodzi kune akawanda ekunze zvinhu, saka kuisa mutyairi mune imwe kesi kunoonekwa seyakanyanya kuvimbika sarudzo. Imba yacho inodzivirira shanduko yemagetsi kubva kune unyoro, guruva, zuva rakananga, etc. Unpackaged mienzaniso inodhura, asi ine hupenyu hupfupi hwebasa uye kuipa kwekushanda kugadzikana. Ivo vakanyanya kukodzera kukwirisa flush.

Zvakanakisa zuva risati rasvika

Mutyairi anoyerwa kwemaawa angangoita 30,000. Izvi zvishoma zvishoma pane inofungidzirwa hupenyu hweakawanda maLED fixtures. Kuderera kwakadaro kunobatanidzwa nezvinhu zvisina kunaka umo iyo ikozvino stabilizer inofanira kushanda. Chii chinokanganisa kushanda kwemutyairi:

• kuwedzera kwesimba;
• tembiricha uye/kana mwando kuchinja.

Kana mudziyo we 200 W wakatakurwa ne100 W, ipapo 50% yemutengo wezita inodzoserwa kune network. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuwandisa uye kupera simba.

Hupenyu hwemutyairi hunogumira nehupenyu hweiyo smoothing capacitor. Nokufamba kwenguva, electrolyte inoputika mairi, uye chigadzirwa chinokundikana.

Kurebesa kushanda kwemutyairi, inofanirwa kushandirwa mumakamuri ane hunyoro (kwete hwepamusoro) humidity, uye yakabatana kune network ine high-quality voltage pasina masurges.

Ungasarudza sei mutyairi wemwenje we LED?

Kana yakabatana kune yazvino stabilizer, semiconductors inogamuchira simba ravanoda uye inosvika yavo yezita maitiro. Hupenyu hwebasa hwema diode hunoenderana nekuti mutyairi anosarudzwa sei. Ndeapi ma parameter ekutarisisa:

• Simba. Inosarudza huwandu hunobvumirwa mutoro wakagadzirirwa chigadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, kumaka (20×26) x1W zvinoreva kuti kubva pa20 kusvika ku26 maLED anogona kubatanidzwa kumutyairi panguva imwe chete, imwe neimwe iine simba re1 W.
• Ikozvino uye voltage (nominal values). Vagadziri vanoratidza iyi parameter pane imwe neimwe LED, ndeye iyo iyo mutyairi anosarudzwa. Kana iyo yepamusoro yakayerwa ikozvino iri 350mA, 300-330mA magetsi anofanirwa kubatanidzwa. Mhando yakadaro yemazuva ekushanda inokubvumira kuti uve nechokwadi chehupenyu hwesherufu yemwenje, inopiwa nemuiti.
• Dziviriro kirasi. Izvo zvinoenderana nechiratidzo ichi panogona kunyatso mwenje mwenje – kunze kana mukati. Kirasi yekudzivirira hunyoro uye kusimba inoratidzwa nemavara IP uye inoratidzwa nenhamba mbiri. Nhamba yekutanga inoshandiswa kutonga dziviriro kubva pazvikamu zvakasimba (guruva, tsvina, jecha, ice), yechipiri – kubva kumagetsi emvura. Kirasi yekudzivirira hairatidze tembiricha iyo luminaire inogona kushandiswa.
• Frame. Mutyairi anogona kuva nekesi yesimbi yakavhurika ine perforated kana yakavharwa. Muchiitiko chechipiri, chigadzirwa chacho chinoiswa mubhokisi resimbi. Nekushandisa kumba, kesi yepurasitiki isina kuvharwa yakakodzera.
• Nheyo yekushanda. Iyo inomisa resistor haibvisi kushanduka kwemagetsi muma mains uye haidzivirire kubva kune ruzha rwekumanikidza. Iko kudiki kudiki shanduko yevoltage inotungamira kune kamwe kamwe kusimuka kwezvino. Linear regulators vanoonekwa sevasina kuvimbika uye yakaderera kunyatsoshanda madhiraivha, switching maseketi anodiwa.

Nzira yekutarisa kana inoshanda?

Kuti utarise mutyairi pasina mutoro, zvakakwana kushandisa 220 V kune kuiswa kwebhokisi. Kukosha kwaro kuchave kwakakura zvishoma pane muganhu wepamusoro unotaridzwa pamutyairi label. Kana, semuenzaniso, iyo stabilizer ine huwandu hwe 27-37 V, ipapo iyo inobuda inofanira kunge inenge 40 V. Kuchengetedza ikozvino mune imwe nzvimbo yakapiwa, sezvo kupikisa kwemutoro kunowedzera (inowanzoita infinity pasina mutoro), iyo voltage. inokurawo kune imwe muganhu. Iyi nzira yekuongorora iri nyore uye inowanikwa, asi haibvumiri kutora mhedziso dzisina kujeka nezve 100% yekushanda kwechigadzirwa. Kune vatyairi vekuti, mushure mekuvhurwa pasina mutoro, usatanga kana kuzvibata nenzira isinganzwisisiki. Chechipiri cheki sarudzo:

1. Batanidza resistor kune yakabuda yemutyairi, uchisarudza kuramba kwayo zvichienderana nemutemo weOhm. Semuenzaniso, simba remutyairi ndeye 20 W, iyo inobuda ikozvino 600 mA, iyo voltage ndeye 25-35 V. Kurwisana kunoda kuchava 38-58 ohms.
2. Sarudza kupikisa kubva pane yakatarwa uye nesimba rakakodzera. Kunyangwe idiki, saka izvi zvakakwana kuti zvionekwe.
3. Batanidza resistor uye kuyera inobuda voltage ne tester. Kana iri mukati memiganhu yakatarwa, saka mutyairi ari kushanda zvechokwadi.

Paunenge uchitsvaga kuputsika, zvakakosha kufunga nezve musimboti wedunhu rekugadzira. Mumutsara uye pulse circuits, kuputsika kunogona kusanganiswa nemamwe matambudziko. Zvingango kanganisa:

• In linear stabilizers , maviri ezvidziviriro ane kupesana kwe5 kusvika ku100 ohms inoshandiswa kudzivirira kubva pakudonha kwemagetsi. Imwe iri pakupinza bhiriji re diode, yechipiri iri pakubuda. Kuti uderedze flicker, capacitor-electrolyte yehuwandu hwehuwandu hunoshandurwa pamwe chete nemutoro. Linear mutyairi kukundikana kunogona kubatanidzwa nekutsva kweimwe kana maviri ekudzivirira anodzivirira kamwechete.
• Mune pulse ikozvino inoshandura, microcircuits inodzivirirwa kubva pakuremerwa, kupisa uye overvoltage uye, muchirevo, haigoni kuputsa. Muchokwadi, chero microcircuit, kunyanya muChinese-yakagadzirwa madhiraivha, inogona kuve isingagoneki. Dambudziko rinowedzerwa nenyaya yekuti mazhinji machipisi eChinese akaoma kuwana anotsiva. Zvimwe zvacho hazviwanikwe kunyange paInternet.

Connection

Kubatanidza mutyairi kune LEDs hakukonzeri matambudziko kune vashandisi, sezvo pane inodiwa yekumaka pamuviri wayo. Ungabatanidza sei mutyairi:

1. Isa voltage yekupinza kune waya dzekupinza (INPUT).
2. Batanidza maLED kune waya dzinobuda (OUTPUT).

Kana uchibatanidza, cherechedza polarity:

• Polar input (INPUT). Kana mutyairi achifambiswa nemagetsi anogara aripo, saka batanidza iyo “+” inobuda kune imwechete danda remagetsi sosi. Kana iyo voltage iri AC, teerera kune mamaki pawaya dzekupinza. Pane zvingasarudzwa zviviri:
  • “L” uye “N”. Isa chikamu kune inobuda “L” (iwane ine chiratidzo screwdriver), ku “N” – zero.
  • “~”, “AC” kana kwete kucherekedza – haugone kuona polarity.
• Polar kubuda (OUTPUT). Tarisa polarity nguva dzese. Batanidza waya “+” kune anode ye1 LED, “-” kune cathode yekupedzisira. Yese semiconductors yakabatana munhevedzano – iyo anode yeinotevera inonamirwa kune cathode yeiyo yapfuura.

Pane yechipiri sarudzo yekubatanidza maLED – akati wandei maketani ane yakaenzana nhamba ye diode akabatanidzwa mukufanana. Kana yabatanidzwa munhevedzano, zvinhu zvese zvinopenya zvakafanana, neshanduro yakafanana, mitsetse inogona kuve nekupenya kwakasiyana.

Nzira yekuita sei mutyairi wemwenje we LED nemaoko ako?

Mutyairi anogona kugadzirwa kubva kune yakare foni charger. Zvinongodiwa chete kuita shanduko diki kune chip. Chigadzirwa chakadaro chepamba chinokwana kugonesa 3 maLED ane simba re 1 W imwe neimwe. Funga nhanho nhanho kuungana kwemutyairi kubva pajaja yefoni:

1. Bvisa bhegi muchaja.
2. Uchishandisa simbi yekunyungudutsa, bvisa chinodzivirira chinomisa voltage inopihwa kufoni.
3. Panzvimbo peiyo soldered resistor, isa tuning resistor. Isa iyo ku5,000 ohms.
4. Solder ma LEDs munhevedzano kune inobuda chiteshi.
5. Unsolder nzira dzekupinza uye solder 220V simba tambo panzvimbo.
6. Tarisa kushanda kwedunhu nekuisa voltage pane resistor neregulator kuitira kuti diode dzipise zvakajeka, asi usachinje mavara.

Paunenge uchiita basa rekugadzira diver kubva pajaja, unofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza. Kana ukabata zvikamu zvisina chinhu, unogona kuwana simba remagetsi rakasimba.

Mutyairi anogonawo kugadzirwa kubva pakutanga. Kuti uite izvi, iwe unoda simbi yakanyungudutswa, tester, waya uye inokosha stabilizer KR142EN12A (kana imwe analogue yekunze – LM317), iyo inogona kutengwa kune chero chitoro chepamusoro kune 20 rubles. 1.5 A current. Iyo ine yakavakirwa-mukati yekudzivirira yakawandisa, kupisa uye kupfupika kwedunhu. Iyo microcircuit inodzikamisa voltage, uye mutyairi anoenzana neyazvino, saka iwe uchafanirwa kuita shanduko kune yakajairwa dunhu rekubatanidza microcircuit. Mutyairi pane yakasanganiswa stabilizer:
Muchiitiko ichi, basa re microcircuit nderekugadzirisa, nekuda kwekuti ikozvino ichachengetwa pachiyero chinodiwa. Iko kukosha kwazvino kunotarirwa nekupokana kweiyo resistor R1. Kukosha kwayo kwezita kunoverengerwa neformula: R = 1.2 / I, uko:

• R – kuramba, Ohm;
• Ini-zvino, A.

Mutyairi kuvaka order:

1. Unganidza 9.9 V ikozvino regulator ine ikozvino ye300 mA. Zvadaro R1 \u003d 1.2 / 0.3 \u003d 4 ohms. Resistor simba – kubva 4 watts. Unogona kutora resistors anoshandiswa muTV. Vanogonawo kutengwa muzvitoro. Simba rezvinhu izvi 2 W, kupikisa 1-2 ohms.
2. Batanidza resistors munhevedzano. Kupikisa kwavo kuchawedzera uye kunenge kwakaenzana ne2-4 ohms.
3. Batanidza chip kune heatsink uye batanidza dunhu reakateedzana-akabatana diode kune inobuda yemutyairi. Tarisa polarity paunenge uchibatanidza ma LED.
4. Isa mhepo inogara iine 12-40 V kune yekuisa (chigadzirwa chakagadzirirwa 9.9 V, saka tinochitora necheji). Izvo hazvina kukosha kudarika kukosha kwemuganhu – iyo microcircuit inogona kupisa kunze. Iyo voltage inopihwa inogona kusadzikamiswa. Unogona kushandisa bhatiri remota, laptop power supply kana nhanho-pasi transformer ine diode bridge. Batanidza mutyairi, cherechedza polarity – basa raitwa.

Kutenda kune vatyairi, zvinogoneka kwete kungovandudza mashandiro emarambi e LED, asiwo kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwavo kwenguva refu, kusingapindiki. Tichifunga nezvemutengo wezvigadziriso zve LED, kushandiswa kwevatyairi kunova mhinduro inodhura.