Ibiranga guhitamo no gukoresha amatara ya LED

Ibiciro byumutungo wingufu, harimo amashanyarazi, biri hejuru cyane, kuburyo abaguzi bashishikajwe namatara ya LED. Kandi ibiciro biri hasi yaya matara yubukungu bigira uruhare gusa mukwiyongera kubisabwa. Ikintu nyamukuru nuguhitamo itara ryukuri uhereye kumurongo watanzwe – ibicuruzwa bitandukanye mubiciro, ibipimo, kwiringirwa.

Ibiranga amatara ya LED

Itara risohora urumuri rwa diode (LED), ritandukanye n’itara risanzwe ryaka, ni ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigoye bigizwe nibice byinshi. Imikorere y’itara riterwa n’ubwiza n’ibipimo bya nyuma – uburyo bwiza n’umutekano bizatanga urumuri, n’igihe bizakora.

Nkigice cyamatara ayo ari yo yose ya LED, hariho kristu ya semiconductor itanga urumuri, naho umushoferi numuyoboro wa elegitoronike uhindura 220 V AC kuri 12 V DC.

Ibintu nyamukuru bigize itara rya LED nibiranga:

• Plinth. Hamwe na hamwe, itara ryinjijwe mumatara. Ubusanzwe plint ikozwe mu muringa usizwe hamwe na nikel yo kurwanya ruswa. Hariho kandi amatara afite pin base – kubwoko bumwe bwamatara nibikenewe.
• Imirasire. Nubufasha bwayo, ubushyuhe bukurwa muri LED. Na none, umurimo wa radiatori ni ukureba uburyo bwiza bwubushyuhe bwo gukora. Ibikoresho byo gukora biratandukanye – kuva plastike ihendutse kugeza kubutaka buhenze. Ihitamo ryiza nibikoresho byinshi hamwe na aluminium.
• Umushoferi. Inshingano zayo nuguhindura voltage muguhindura AC kuri DC, kimwe no gukoresha LED. Nkigice cyumushoferi – microcircuits nyinshi , capacator, impinduramatwara. Mu matara yingengo yimari, ntihashobora kubaho umushoferi.
• Diffuser. Nibikoresho bisobanutse bifasha urumuri gutatana mumwanya. Mubisanzwe bifite imiterere yisi. Ibikoresho – plastiki cyangwa polyakarubone. Flask irinda kandi ubushuhe n ivumbi kwinjira munzu.
• LED. Nibintu byingenzi bikora mumatara ya LED. Umucyo ugaragara mugihe cyo gukora diode.

Ibyiza n’ibibi by’amatara ya LED

Amatara ya LED amaze igihe kinini agaragaza ko aruta amatara yahoze yaka. Nyamara, ntabwo abaguzi bose bahinduye amatara yubukungu. Isesengura rirambuye kubyiza nibibi bya amatara ya LED bizagufasha gufata icyemezo.

Ibyiza hejuru yamatara yaka:

• ubushyuhe buke – urashobora gukora ku itara utarinze gutwikwa, rikaba ari ingenzi cyane kumiryango ifite abana (iyo itara ryameza);
• kuzigama – gutanga urumuri rungana hamwe n’amatara yaka, amatara ya LED akoresha amashanyarazi ukurikije ubunini buke;
• kuramba – Amatara ya LED amara inshuro 20-50 kurenza ayasanzwe;
• ituze – umucyo umwe uragumaho, nubwo imbaraga ziyongera murusobe;
• umucyo – muri luminaire ifite imipaka ntarengwa, urashobora gushiraho itara rya LED ritanga urumuri rwinshi kuruta ibiryohereye.

Ibyiza kuri luminescent bagenzi be:

• kubungabunga ibidukikije – nta mercure;
• imikorere – gukoresha ingufu nke hamwe na luminous flux ingana;
• igisubizo cyihuse – Amatara ya LED yaka afite umuvuduko wumurabyo ku mbaraga zuzuye, kandi amatara ya fluorescent agira umucyo kuva kuri 20% kugeza 100% mumunota umwe mubushyuhe bwicyumba, ndetse birebire – kubushyuhe buke;
• icyerekezo cyiza – cyegereye cyane urumuri rusanzwe kuruta fluorescent.

Minus:

• igiciro kinini;
• umubare munini wibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge – bifite urumuri ruto;
• imikorere mibi yamatara amwe afite ibyuma byerekana;
• guhinduka kumurika bitangwa gusa muri moderi zihenze cyane.

Ni ubuhe bwoko?

Ababikora batanga ihitamo rinini ryamatara atandukanye ya LED atandukanye mumigambi, ubwoko bwa LED, nibindi bipimo. Byongeye, gutondekanya amatara ya LED ukurikije ibipimo bitandukanye.

Ukurikije umurima wo gusaba, amatara aratandukanye:

• Murugo. Uhagararire flask kumurongo usanzwe. Bikwiranye n’amatara ayo ari yo yose.
• Ku muhanda. Yakozwe hifashishijwe tekinoroji yo kurwanya vandal, ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwo kurinda.
• Ibimera. Zikoreshwa muguhinga indabyo zo murugo, ingemwe. Muburyo bwimirasire – ultraviolet, kwihutisha imikurire yibimera.
• Kurimbisha. Intego yabo nyamukuru nugushushanya no gutunganya imbere. Batandukanijwe nu nguni ntoya itatanye hamwe ningeri nyinshi zamabara, barema ihumure na zone icyumba.
• Amatara maremare. Yashyizwe mu busitani na parike. Bafite icyerekezo runaka cyumucyo nu mfuruka.

Ubwoko bwa LED:

• SMD – point LEDs yashyizwe kuri substrate, hejuru yashyizwemo lens. Umubare wa kristu – 1-3 pc. Igishushanyo gifite ubushyuhe bwiza.
• COB – kristu zishyirwa kumurongo. Kubaka biraramba.

Ukurikije ubushyuhe bwamabara yumucyo:

• ku manywa;
• n’umucyo ukonje;
• n’umucyo ushyushye.

Ubwoko bwa plint:

• E – ishingiro rusange “Edison”;
• G – ibishingwe;
• R – hamwe na konti yasubiwemo.

Mu buryo bwa flask (ibisanzwe):

• Buji. Amatara nkaya afite impande nke cyane zo gutatanya nimbaraga nke. Niba zikoreshwa muri chandeliers, noneho mubwinshi. Byongeye kandi, amahembe ya chandelier agomba kwerekanwa hepfo. Uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha amatara ya buji ni amatara yo kumeza n’amatara ya nijoro.
• Pearo. Mubigaragara, birasa cyane n’amatara asanzwe yaka. Zikoreshwa cyane cyane muri chandeliers zifite amahembe yo hepfo. Niba luminaire ifite socket yerekeza kuri plafond, igice cyicyumba kizaba mugicucu.
  Moderi ifite ibikoresho bya LED bifite urumuri rugera kuri 180 °, kubera ko diode zose ziri kuruhande rumwe rw’isahani.
• Ibigori . Flask isa muburyo bwa corncob – irambuye, silindrike, kandi ntabwo nini cyane kuruta ishingiro. Diode yumuhondo iherereye kuri substrate polyhedral, kandi isa nintete kuri cob.
  Amatara y’ibigori akwirakwiza urumuri neza. Zikoreshwa mumatara atambitse no mumuri ahantu hamwe nigicucu.

Ibipimo byo guhitamo

Iyo uhisemo amatara yaka, abaguzi bayobowe, nkuko bisanzwe, kubintu bimwe gusa – imbaraga, zapimwe muri watts. Iyo itara rifite imbaraga, niko rimurika. Mu matara ya LED, ibindi byinshi nibiranga bigomba kwitabwaho. Tumaze kubyumva, bizashoboka guhitamo amatara meza kuri buri rubanza.

Guhitamo itara rya LED rikwiranye nintego zawe, amakuru yanditse mumabaruwa manini kuri paki ntabwo ahagije. Uzakenera kumenyera ibisobanuro bya tekiniki byacapwe mu icapiro rito.

Umucyo utemba

Mugihe cyamatara yaka, abaguzi ntibashishikajwe nigitekerezo cya luminous flux. Umucyo wamatara wagenwe nimbaraga – umubare wa watts. Byerekanwe mbere none byerekanwe neza kuri flask yikirahure no mubipakira, niba bihari.

Bitewe n’amatara ya LED, byashobokaga, mukugabanya cyane ingufu, kongera imikorere yibikoresho. Ibi byatumaga kuzigama amashanyarazi n’amafaranga y’abaguzi.

Niki flux yamurika nibiranga:

• izina – Ф, lm / lm;
• igena ingano yingufu zoroheje itara ritanga;
• uzi flux flux, urashobora kubona byoroshye LED analogue yo gusimbuza itara ryaka – ukurikije imbonerahamwe yandikirana;
• ubushyuhe bwamabara bugira ingaruka kumatara – uko ari hejuru, niko f.

Imbaraga

Imbaraga z’amatara zapimwe muri Watts (W), zerekanwa n’ikimenyetso “P” kandi zerekana ingano y’ingufu zikoreshwa kuri buri gice (isaha). Amatara ya LED azwi cyane ni ibicuruzwa bifite ingufu za 5 kugeza kuri 13 W – bihuye n’amatara yaka afite ingufu za 40-100 W.

Amashanyarazi yose hamwe ni igiteranyo cyimbaraga – LED na shoferi. Byongeye kandi, aba nyuma ntibakoresha imbaraga zirenze 10% – niba zifite ubuziranenge.

Tanga voltage na frequency

Amaduka yo mu Burusiya atanga amatara yagenewe 12 V cyangwa 220 V. Mu bihugu byinshi, hatangwa umuyagankuba wa 110 V, kandi amatara yabugenewe ntabwo abereye abakiriya bacu.

Uburyo bwo guhangana n’imihangayiko:

• niba hari ikimenyetso cya E kuri base, iri ni itara 220 V;
• niba G ari itara ryisi yose, ryakozwe kuri 12 V na 220 V.

Umuvuduko wapimwe muri Volts (V) kandi ugaragazwa ninyuguti U. Ubusanzwe ibipimo byerekanwa mubipfunyika muburyo bwurwego – niho uwabikoze yemeza ko itara rikora neza kandi ryizewe.

Niba, nkurugero, herekanywe ko voltage ikora yamatara iri murwego rwa 176-24 V, biragaragara ko izahangana neza nigitonyanga gikomeye kandi cyinshi mumashanyarazi ntatakaze umucyo. Inshuro ikora kumatara ya LED ni 50/60 Hz.

Ubwoko bwa plint

Ababikora batanga amatara ya LED hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwibanze, bagerageza guhaza ibyo abakiriya bakeneye. Ubwoko bwibanze buzwi ni E27. Ubu ni verisiyo ya kera ihuza ishingiro ryamatara asanzwe.

Ubwoko bwa plint:

• E14 – minion;
• E27 – bisanzwe;
• E40 – kumatara akomeye mumazu no hanze;
• G4 – gusimbuza amatara ya halogen n’amatara ya LED;
• GU5.3, GU10, GX53 – kuri luminaire yasubiwemo kandi hejuru hejuru mu gisenge, ibikoresho;
• G13 – swivel ubwoko bwa tubular base ya T8 amatara.

Ubushyuhe bwamabara

Amatara yose yaka asohora urumuri rumwe, ariko amatara ya LED aratandukanye mugicucu cyimirasire. Igipimo cyera cyera kigabanijwemo urumuri rutabogamye, rushyushye kandi rukonje.

Ubushyuhe bwamabara yamatara ya LED:

• 2700-3200K – urumuri rushyushye. Bihuye nurumuri rwamatara yaka. Gutuza no gukora umwuka mwiza.
• 3 200-4 500K – urumuri rutabogamye. Nibyegeranye bishoboka kumanywa yumunsi. Nibyiza kumurika aho bakorera.
• Kuva 4 500K – urumuri rukonje. Batanga urumuri rwubururu-rwera. Ikoreshwa mubikorwa. Aho kwibanda cyane no kwibanda kubikorwa byakozwe birakenewe.

Inguni

Iyi parameter igira ingaruka ku gukwirakwiza urumuri mu kirere. Igenwa nigishushanyo cya diffuser kandi biterwa nuburyo LED iherereye. Ibisanzwe biva kuri dogere 210.

Niba ukeneye kumurika kumurimo ujyanye nibintu bito, birasabwa kugura itara rifite inguni ya dogere 120.

Muri luminaire yagenewe kumurika muri rusange, hakenewe amatara afite inguni nini cyane. Kandi kumatara yameza, kurundi ruhande, hitamo ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro gake kuriki kimenyetso.

Ntibishoboka

Dimmers ni module yagenewe kugenzura urumuri rwumucyo utemba, kandi ikwemerera guhindura umucyo. Ariko, ntabwo abashoferi ba LED bose bashoboye gushyigikira ubu buryo.

Igiciro cyamatara ya LED yaka cyane arenze ayari asanzwe, kubera ko ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigoye. Itara risanzwe rya LED rihujwe na dimmer ntirizaka. Cyangwa izaka.

Impamvu

Bitewe no guhindagurika k’umucyo, amaso araruha kandi ubuzima rusange bukagenda nabi. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kugura no gukoresha amatara adafite imvururu zigaragara (ukurikije SNiP, ziremewe kurwego rwa 5-20%).

Urashobora kugenzura itara kugirango uhindurwe ukoresheje terefone – reba urumuri rutanga binyuze muri kamera. Niba hari ripple, imirongo izagaragara kumurongo.

Gusa ababikora bamwe berekana murutonde rwibiranga ibipimo Kp – ibintu bihindagurika. Mubyukuri, ibi nibintu byingenzi biranga ubuzima nubuzima bwiza bwumuntu.

Ibyifuzo kubintu bya pulsation yamatara ya LED:

• Kp yamatara akoreshwa numuyoboro hamwe numuyoboro uhoraho ni 0.
• Amatara yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ya LED arasuzumwa, aho Kp iri munsi ya 20%.
• Amatara abashoferi bagezemo ubu bafite Kp itarenze 1%.

Kp irashobora kugenwa ukoresheje oscilloscope. Ubwa mbere, amplitude yikintu gihindagurika cyikimenyetso kuri LED irapimwa, hanyuma igabanywa na voltage iva mumasoko yatanzwe.

Ikigereranyo cy’ubushyuhe

Iyi parameter ni ingenzi cyane mugihe ikora amatara hanze cyangwa mumazu adashyuha. Hano hari moderi yamatara ya LED ikora neza murwego runaka rwubushyuhe. Igipimo gisanzwe ni kuva -30 ° C kugeza + 60 ° C.

Mu turere twinshi two mu Burusiya, ubushyuhe mu gihe cy’itumba bugabanuka cyane munsi ya -30 ° C, bivuze ko ku muhanda n’ahantu hadashyushye ari ngombwa guhitamo amatara ya LED agenewe ubushyuhe buke.

Amatara ya LED agomba gukoreshwa mubwitonzi mubyumba bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, ndetse no hafi yubushyuhe – mubyumba byamazi, sauna, nibindi.

Ironderero ryerekana amabara

Iyi parameter yagenewe CRI cyangwa Ra kandi igufasha gusuzuma neza ibara risanzwe ryibintu mumucyo utangwa namatara ya LED. Icyifuzo gisabwa ni Ra≥70.

Kurinda ubushuhe no gukungugu

Ibi biranga byasobanuwe ninyuguti – IPXX. Aho XX numubare wimibare yerekana urwego rwo kurinda itara. Iyi parameter ntabwo buri gihe itondekanya, cyane cyane niba itara rigenewe gukoreshwa murugo.

Ubuzima bwibicuruzwa

Igihe cyakazi ntigisobanutse, kubera ko, cyerekanwe nuwagikoze, kireba LED, ntabwo ari itara ryose. Igihe cyo gukora amatara ya LED biterwa nubwiza bwo kugurisha ibintu, nukuntu urubanza rwateranijwe neza.

Ababikora, kubera ubuzima burebure bwamatara ya LED, ntibakora ibizamini byuzuye kugirango bakore iperereza ku iyangirika rya LED. Amasaha asabwa yo gukora ni 30.000 cyangwa arenga, iyi ni igitekerezo gusa, ntabwo ari imibare ifatika.

Ubwoko bwa flask

Imiterere ya flask kubakoresha benshi ntabwo ari ikintu cyingenzi, ariko mubiranga bikunze kugaragara kumurongo wambere. Nibisanzwe, ubwoko bwamatara bugaragarira kode yinyuguti.

Imiterere yamatara yamatara ya LED nibisobanuro byayo bigaragara kumeza ikurikira:

Uburemere n’ibipimo

Uburemere bw’itara rya LED ntibikunze gushimisha abaguzi, ariko iyi parameter irashobora kuba ingirakamaro mugihe itara ryoroheje.

Buri ruganda rutanga amatara ya LED uko ishaka. Amatara yakozwe nibirango bitandukanye arashobora gutandukana cyane mumiterere, uburemere nubunini. Kurugero, amatara 10 W avuye mubakora ibintu bitandukanye arashobora kugira itandukaniro muburebure n’ubugari bwa cm zirenga 1.

Nigute amatara ya LED amurika?

Imikorere y’itara rya LED rishingiye kubikorwa bifatika bibera muri semiconductor.

Uburyo itara rya LED rikora:

• Umucyo ubaho bitewe no kunyura mumashanyarazi binyuze mumwanya wo guhuza igice cya semiconductor hamwe nubushobozi butandukanye – n na p. Imwe yiganjemo electron (n, hamwe nuburyo bubi), mugihe iyindi yiganjemo ion (p, hamwe nuburyo bwiza).
• Ibikoresho bya semiconductor byakoreshejwe bituma amashanyarazi atembera mu cyerekezo kimwe gusa. Iyo ibice byashizwemo byambutse umupaka wa semiconductor, recombination ibaho – ihinduka rya electron kurwego rutandukanye. Nkigisubizo, hari urumuri rugaragara kumaso.
• Icyarimwe hamwe no gusohora urumuri, ubushyuhe burarekurwa, bukurwa muri LED hakoreshejwe radiator.

Gutondekanya amatara meza ya LED

Iyo uhisemo amatara ya LED, birumvikana ko utita kubiranga gusa, ahubwo no kubakora. Mu masosiyete menshi akora amatara ya LED, harimo abayobozi ibicuruzwa byabo bikenewe cyane, kandi ubuziranenge bwabo ntibushidikanywaho.

Abafilipi

Isosiyete ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, kandi amatara yacyo afite umutekano ku jisho – ibi byemezwa n’ibizamini bya laboratoire. Mu murongo – icyitegererezo aho, ukanze buto, urashobora guhindura ubushyuhe bwurumuri. Isosiyete ikora kandi moderi yingengo yimari – Ibyingenzi.

Ibibi byibicuruzwa bya Philips birimo igiciro cyinshi cyikitegererezo, kimwe no gutandukanya impande zamatara ahendutse.

Osram

Iyi sosiyete yo mu Budage ni imwe mu zikora amatara manini ku isi. Yerekana urwego runini rwa LED-amatara kumirima itandukanye. Amatara yose arangwa nimikorere myiza nubukungu.

Ikibi nigiciro cyinshi ugereranije no kubura ishingiro ryikitegererezo “cyubwenge” (cyagenewe guhuza bitaziguye). Mugihe kuri Philips, kurugero, Moderi ya SmartSwitch ifite ibikoresho bya plint bisanzwe.

Gauss

Amatara yuru ruganda atandukanijwe nubuzima burebure. Avuga ko ibicuruzwa bye bimara amasaha 50.000 – amatara azashobora gukora imyaka igera kuri 35. Garanti – imyaka 3-7. Mubusanzwe, isosiyete ikora amatara yaka (kuva 900 lm) afite ibara ryera ridafite aho ribogamiye.

Feron

Uruganda rwakemuye kimwe mubibazo byingenzi bya LED-ibintu – gushyushya mugihe gikora, kubera igishushanyo cyihariye cya radiator. Amatara ava muri Feron hafi ntashyuha iyo yaka. Isosiyete itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi – ifite amatara kubisubizo byimbere cyangwa ubwubatsi.

Amatara ya Feron agaragaza amabara meza kandi akoresha ingufu nke. Ariko hariho n’ibibi – kwizerwa kudatunganye hamwe ningaruka zo kugura ubukwe.

ingamiya

Harimo muri TOP yisi ikora amatara. Ibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, bugari kandi nibisubizo byinshi bidasanzwe. Amatara yingamiya amara igihe kinini, atanga urumuri rwinshi, rutagira urumuri kandi rutwara imbaraga nke.

Nigute ushobora guhinduranya amatara ya LED?

Icyifuzo cyo kuzigama ntigikwiye gutsinda kubara gukonje. Ntukihutire kujya mu iduka no kugura amatara ya LED kugirango usimbuze amatara yose yaka murugo rwawe icyarimwe.

Mugihe uhinduye amatara ya LED, uyobore amahame akurikira:

1. Simbuza ubanza gusa amatara akomeye – kuva kuri watt 60. Kuzigama gusimbuza amatara maremare ni mato kandi igiciro cya LED-igereranya ntigishobora kwishyura.
2. Simbuza amatara muri ayo matara yaka cyane kumunsi – muri salle, pepiniyeri, biro. Ntabwo byumvikana guhindura amatara aho adakunze gukingurwa – mumazu ahindura, ibyumba byingirakamaro, nibindi.
3. Ntugure amatara menshi yikigo kimwe icyarimwe. Fata 1-2 kugirango ugerageze. Suzuma ibice hanyuma noneho ufate umwanzuro.

Abakora amatara ya LED ntibahagarara – isoko ryibicuruzwa byabo riratera imbere kandi riratera imbere. Kuba ushishikajwe n’ibiranga amatara ya LED, ibiranga n’ubushobozi, ntushobora kuzigama gusa gukoresha amashanyarazi, ariko kandi ushobora gukemura neza ikibazo cyo gucana amazu atuyemo kandi adatuwe, imbuga nubusitani.