Ubwoko butandukanye bwumuzunguruko no guhuza kwayo

Guhitamo umushoferi w’itara rya LED kandi, mugihe kizaza, shyiramo neza, ugomba kumenyera ibishushanyo mbonera bikenewe. Igikoresho cyatoranijwe neza ntabwo kizongera ubuzima bwibicuruzwa gusa, ahubwo bizanagukiza amafaranga.

LED itara

Moderi yamatara ya diode yatangiye gusimbuza ayari asanzwe. Birahenze, ariko ibipimo byabo bya tekinike birarenze cyane moderi zishaje. Kugira ngo wumve uko bakora, ugomba kumenya igikoresho cyamatara ya LED.
Igizwe nibintu 5 bihujwe murubanza rumwe:

• Plinth –  ikintu cyinjiye mumurongo wa chandelier cyangwa irindi tara. Yatanzwe kuri:
  • gukoresha imashini yo mu bwoko bwa E27 na E14, bikozwe mu muringa hamwe na nikel irwanya ruswa;
  • kubindi bikenewe, isoko yumucyo hamwe na pin base yakozwe.
• Umushoferi  – ikintu gihindura voltage yinjira kandi igahinduranya icyerekezo cyerekezo. Itanga kandi ingufu kuri LED. Igizwe n’ibice 3:
  • microchips;
  • impinduramatwara;
  • ubushobozi.

• Heatsink nikintu gikuraho ubushyuhe kandi gitanga LED hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukora. Ubusanzwe ikora igice kigaragara cyumubiri.
• Ikwirakwizwa ni  “cap” ibonerana ifasha gukwirakwiza urumuri mumwanya. Ikozwe muburyo bwisi kugirango ikwirakwize imirasire yumucyo kumurongo mugari. Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe ni polyakarubone cyangwa plastiki. Irinda umukungugu nubushuhe kwinjira munzu. Kugirango woroshye ubukana bwurumuri no kugabanya ingaruka zitera amaso, iki kintu gisizwe na fosifore imbere. Ibi bigera ku bushyuhe bwamabara busa nurumuri rusanzwe.
• LED ni ikintu nyamukuru gikora cyamatara, bitewe nurumuri rugaragara. Hariho uburyo 4 nyamukuru bwo guteranya chip:
  • Tekinoroji ya SMD niyo ikunze kugaragara mubuzima bwa buri munsi. Kirisiti ishyirwa hejuru yigikoresho cyumucyo;
  • DIP – ikintu cyoroheje kigizwe na 1 ikomeye ya kristu, hejuru yinteguza;
  • Piranha – bakundwa b’inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, hari 4 bahuza;
  • Tekinoroji ya COB ni gahunda ya LED yo guhuza imiyoboro igezweho, uburyo bukingiwe cyane bwo gushyuha no okiside.

Mu bicuruzwa bihendutse, ntihashobora kubaho umushoferi; ahubwo, hashyizweho amashanyarazi, adatanga amashanyarazi cyangwa amashanyarazi.

Ubwoko bwumuzunguruko wumushoferi nibiranga

Ababikora bakora cyane cyane abashoferi kumuzunguruko (ICs) iguha ingufu ziva mumashanyarazi make. Abahindura bose kumuri LED iriho ubu igabanijwemo:

• yaremye hashingiwe kuri 1 ÷ 3 tristoriste – yoroshye;
• hamwe na chip hamwe na PWM – bigoye.

Igishushanyo gisanzwe cya LED wiring igishushanyo:
Kwihuza kumashanyarazi numubare wa LED urimo bigira ingaruka kumashanyarazi. Ingano yumuyaga umushoferi agomba gutanga bitaziguye biterwa nimbaraga zose nubucyo bwimirasire yabo. Imbaraga zishobora kubarwa ukoresheje formula: P = P (iyobowe) × n, aho:

• P (iyobowe) nubushobozi bwikintu kimwe;
• n ni umubare wibintu bya LED.

Ingingo z’ingenzi:

• Ikigereranyo cyerekanwe neza nicyo kintu nyamukuru cya LED iyo ari yo yose. Kubisuzugura, tubura umucyo, no kubirengagiza, tugabanya cyane ubuzima bwa serivisi.
• Umuvuduko watanzwe muri datasheet kuri LED ntabwo ari umwanzuro kandi werekana gusa umubare wa volt uzagabanuka kumasangano ya pn mugihe igipimo cyagenwe gitemba. Igisobanuro cyacyo kigomba kumenyekana.
• Guhuza ingufu-LED nyinshi, sisitemu yo mu rwego rwohejuru yo gukonjesha ni ngombwa. Iyo ushyizeho LED hamwe nogukoresha ingufu zirenga 0.5 W kuri radiator, ibikorwa byigihe kirekire bihamye bizakomeza.

Guhuza LED na shoferi:

Witondere kuzirikana ibara ryabaguzi mugihe ubara, kuko bigira ingaruka kumanuka wa voltage.

Ukurikije ubuziranenge bwumushoferi, bagabanijwe mubwoko 3:

• ubuziranenge, kora amasaha agera ku bihumbi 20;
• ugereranije ibipimo – amasaha agera ku bihumbi 50;
• uhindura, agizwe nibigize ibirango bizwi – amasaha ibihumbi 70 nibindi.

Hamwe na capacator kugirango ugabanye voltage

Capacitor C1 irinda imiyoboro yivanga, kandi C4 yoroshya imvururu. Kuri ubu ikigezweho kirakoreshwa, 2 résistoriste – R2 na R3 – bigabanya kandi icyarimwe ukirinda umuzunguruko mugufi, kandi ikintu cya VD1 gihindura imbaraga za voltage. Iyo itangwa ryubu rihagaze, capacitor irekurwa hifashishijwe ristoriste R4. R2, R3 na R4 ntabwo bikoreshwa nababikora bose.
Minus:

1. Diode yatwitse , kubera ko ituze ryubu ritagaragaye. Umuvuduko w’imizigo uterwa rwose na voltage yo gutanga.
2. Nta kwigunga kwa galvanic , harikibazo cyo guhungabana amashanyarazi. Ntabwo byemewe gukoraho ibintu bitwara ibintu mugihe cyo gusenya amatara, kuko biri mubice.
3. Ntabwo bishoboka rwose kugera kumurongo mwinshi , kuko ibi bisaba kwiyongera mubushobozi bwa capacator.

Numushoferi utabishaka

Kurinda imbaraga ziyongera no kwivanga murusobe. Urugero ni icyitegererezo cya CPC9909. Imikorere igera kuri 98% – igipimo umuntu ashobora kuvugaho rwose kubijyanye no kuzigama ingufu no kuzigama.
Igikoresho kirashobora gukoreshwa biturutse kuri voltage ndende – kugeza kuri 550 V, kubera ko umushoferi afite ibyuma byubatswe neza. Umuzunguruko wabaye woroshye, kandi ikiguzi ni gito.

Microcircuit ikoreshwa neza mugutezimbere amashanyarazi yihutirwa no kugarura amatara, kuko abereye kuzamura imiyoboro ihindura.

Murugo, ushingiye kuri CPC9909, amatara akoreshwa na bateri cyangwa abashoferi bafite ingufu zitarenze 25 V bakunze guterana.Abashoferi bahinduranya bafite intera nini yinjiza voltage. Kurugero, chip ya MAX16833 ifite voltage yinjiza ingana na 5 kugeza kuri 65 V, mugihe MAX16822 ifite voltage ya 6.5 kugeza 65 V. Chip zimwe zimwe zigufasha gushiraho inshuro zihinduka kuva kuri 20 kHz kugeza kuri 2 MHz. Abashinzwe gutwara ibinyabiziga bya MAX16801 na MAX16802 bagufasha gukora imashini ihindura DC / DC ifite amashanyarazi agera kuri 10A. Abashoferi ba MAX16807, MAX16809, MAX16838, na MAX16814 LED batanga intera yo guhindura ibintu 1: 5000. Abashoferi benshi bahindura LED bagufasha guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwumuzingi wa topologiya kugirango ukore neza.

Numushoferi udahinduka

Dimmer ikoreshwa muguhindura neza ubukana bwitara. Kimwe mu bipimo nyamukuru ni imbaraga. Umubare ntarengwa wamatara uhujwe nayo biterwa nimbaraga. Guhindura urumuri rw’ibikoresho byo kumurika bigufasha gushyiraho urwego rwifuzwa rwo kumurika mucyumba. Nibyiza:

• mugihe cyo gukora uturere dutandukanye;
• kugabanya umucyo wumucyo kumanywa;
• kumurika ibintu by’imbere.

Bagabanijwe mu matsinda ukurikije ubwoko bw’igenzura:

• ubukanishi;
• buto-buto;
• kure.

Hifashishijwe dimmer, ikoreshwa ryamashanyarazi rirushaho gushyira mu gaciro, kandi ubuzima bwa serivisi bwibikoresho byamashanyarazi buriyongera.

Hariho ubwoko 2:

• Kugenzura PWM. Bashyizwe hagati y’itara n’amashanyarazi. Ingufu zitangwa muburyo bwa pulses zigihe kirekire.
• Icyerekezo cya 2. Zikoreshwa kubikoresho bifite imiyoboro ihamye kandi bigira ingaruka kumasoko ubwayo.

Itara rya e14 rimurika LED rikwiranye no kuzuza sisitemu zikoresha. Ihangane n’imikorere y’isoko yumucyo. Barasabwa cyane nabaguzi. 14 ni diameter ya base yamatara, yerekanwe muri milimetero. Uyu munsi, amatara aboneka muburyo butandukanye:

• umupira;
• igitonyanga;
• buji;
• ibihumyo.

Igishushanyo cyo guhuza ibinyabiziga kuri LED

Hano hari ubwoko 3 bwo guhuza, reka turebe urugero hamwe nabaguzi 6. Igihombo cya voltage ni 3 V, ikoreshwa ryubu ni 300 mA:

• bihamye;
• parallel;
• bikurikiranye na 2.

Ubwoko bwingenzi bwa gahunda:

• Microchip ishingiye. PT4115 ifite pin yihariye yo kugenzura kuri LED no kuzimya. Ukoresheje iyi pin, urashobora kubona byoroshye umushoferi wa LED. Umushoferi udahinduka aboneka muguhindura urwego rushoboka kuri DIM pin (ibikorwa bikomeza umushoferi), cyangwa mugukoresha ikimenyetso cyerekana impanuka yumurimo wifuzwa (uburyo bwa pulse hamwe na stroboscopique). Mugihe cyanyuma, igipimo ntarengwa cyo gusubiramo ni 50 kHz.
• Gufungura neza LEDs, niba capacator ihujwe hagati ya DIM pin nubutaka. Igihe cyo kugera kumurabyo ntarengwa bizaterwa nubushobozi bwa capacitor, nini nini, niko itara rizamurika.
• Hamwe na voltage dimmer. Cyakora bitewe nuko imbere ya microcircuit DIM pin “ikururwa” kuri bisi 5 V ikoresheje 200 kΩ résistor. Iyo igitereko cya potentiometero kiri mumwanya wacyo wo hejuru, hashyirwaho diviteri ya voltage ya 200 + 200 kΩ hanyuma hashobora kubaho 5/2 = 2.5 V kuri pin ya DIM, ihuye numucyo 100%.
• Hatariho kwigunga . Biroroshye kandi byizewe. Igabana rishingiye ku bushobozi. Imashanyarazi ya electrolytike yorohereza imvururu nyuma yo gukosorwa. L7812 ni stabilisateur ubwayo.

Abashoferi bagenewe koroshya ibintu byose bigezweho muri sisitemu y’amashanyarazi. Guhitamo kwabo cyangwa guterana kwabo bigomba kwegerwa neza kandi nyuma yo kubara ibipimo byose bisabwa. Gahunda yo gutwara ibinyabiziga izagufasha guhitamo igikoresho gikwiye no kugishyiraho neza.