Ibiranga no guhuza amatara 12 volt LED

Hamwe niterambere ryubwubatsi bwamashanyarazi, itara gakondo ryaka ntikiri inzira yonyine yo kumurika urugo. Amatara ya 12V LED yamenyekanye cyane mubaguzi. Bitewe ningufu zabo nyinshi kandi zizewe, basimbuye ibikoresho bya kera.

Igikoresho nihame ryo gukora amatara ya LED

Amatara asohora urumuri (LED) akora kuri voltage ya 12 V kandi afite ibice byinshi bifitanye isano munzu imwe.

Suzuma ibintu by’ingenzi:

• Plinth. Yashizwe mumurongo wa chandelier cyangwa irindi tara. Kenshi na kenshi, kugirango bikoreshwe murugo, hashyizweho shitingi yubwoko bwa E27 na E14. Bikozwe cyane cyane mu muringa, hamwe na nikel isize anti-ruswa.
• Umushoferi. Ikintu gihindura voltage yinjira. Hindura AC kuri DC kugirango ikoreshe LED.
• Imirasire. Ikintu gikora ubushyuhe bwemewe bwo gukora kuri LED. Bikunze kugaragara cyane ni aluminium na compte, ni bije kandi ikuraho neza ubushyuhe.
• Diffuser. “Hood” ibonerana ifasha gutandukanya urumuri mumwanya. Yakozwe muburyo bwisi kugirango ikwirakwize urumuri kumurongo mugari. Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe ni polyakarubone cyangwa plastike. Ikwirakwizwa ririnda umukungugu nubushuhe kwinjira munzu.
• LED. Ibyingenzi byingenzi bigize itara. Bitewe nimikorere ya diode, itara rigaragara.

Igikoresho cy’itara LED:

Uburyo bwo gukora bushingiye kubikorwa bifatika muri semiconductor. Umucyo ugaragara nyuma yo kunyura mumashanyarazi unyuze kumupaka wihuza rya semiconductor ebyiri, imwe igomba kuba yiganjemo electron zishishwa nabi, indi ikoresheje ion zishyizwe neza.

Nkigisubizo, urumuri rugaragara kumaso. Usibye urumuri, hariho no kurekura ubushyuhe, bukurwa kuri LED ukoresheje radiator.

Ibisobanuro bya 12V LED

Hano haribintu byinshi bya tekiniki nibikorwa byamatara 12 V. Urutonde rwingenzi:

• Ubushyuhe bwamabara. Imikorere yacyo iri murwego rwa 2700–6500 K. Iyo itara rikora, urumuri rukonje (rwera) cyangwa urumuri (umuhondo) rwiganje.
• Kuramba. Impuzandengo yubuzima bwo kumurika ni amasaha 50.000.
• Imbaraga. Iki kimenyetso kirakenewe mukubara ikoreshwa ryamatara yose mubyumba cyangwa inyubako muri rusange. Kubwoko bwose bwamatara ya LED, gukoresha ingufu biratandukanye kuva kuri watt 3.
• Kuboneka k’umushoferi. Nkuko bisanzwe, abayikora bakora amatara ya LED hamwe numubyigano mwinshi – urugero, 150-250 V. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho nkibi ntabwo ari bibi kubitonyanga bikabije.
• Icyerekezo cyumucyo. LED ubwayo irashobora kuyobora imirasire gusa icyerekezo kimwe. Niba igikoresho cyo kumurika kigomba kumurikira ibintu byose bingana, kubwibi birakenewe gushyira diffuzeri ikozwe muri polyakarubone ikonje imbere ya LED.
• Ubushobozi bwo guhindura umucyo. Kugenzura urwego rwo kumurika, hakoreshwa dimmer (igikoresho kibyara imbaraga muburyo bwa pulses). Ukurikije inshuro ya pulse, urumuri rwaka cyane cyangwa rukayangana.

Ubwoko bwamatara ya LED nibishingiro byabo

Mugushushanya, urumuri rwa LED rugabanijwe muburyo butandukanye. Ni aba bakurikira:

• ibikoresho rusange bigamije – bikoreshwa mu gucana inyubako zinganda, no mubuzima;
• Amatara ya LED afite urumuri rwerekanwe – rushyizwe mubikoresho, bikoreshwa mu kumurika ibice byinyubako nubutaka;
• amatara y’umurongo – afite ishingiro risa na fluorescent, igufasha guhita usimbuza isoko yumucyo nindi.

Iyo uhuza amasoko ya LED kumurongo wamashanyarazi hamwe na voltage ya 220 V, bigomba gukoreshwa n amashanyarazi, byatoranijwe hitawe kumigambi yibikoresho.

Ubwoko bw’amashanyarazi:

• Ikidodo – gikoreshwa mugushira amatara mubwiherero, sauna, nkamatara yo kumuhanda.
• Kumeneka – byashizweho kugirango ushyire mu nzu hamwe nubushuhe busanzwe.
• Hamwe no gukonjesha gukora – ifite umuyaga kugirango wongere imbaraga kandi ugabanye ubunini.
• Gukonjesha gusa – ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mugukuraho ubushyuhe.

Ibintu nyamukuru biranga amashanyarazi:

• Imbaraga.
• Ibisohoka.
• Umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi.

Kugirango urumuri rwa LED ruhuze gahunda yo gukoresha amashanyarazi asanzwe akoreshwa mumazu, bafite ibikoresho bya screw. Nubundi buryo bwo gucana amatara ya halogen, hakorwa amatara afite pin base.

Ubwoko bwingenzi bwa plints butangwa mumeza:

Ubushyuhe bwamabara

Mu mucyo w’urumuri rwa LED, haba uburebure bwubururu cyangwa umutuku ufite umuhondo wiganje. Kubera iyo mpamvu, bagabanijwemo ubukonje n’ubushyuhe.

Ubushyuhe bwamabara bufite intera nini:

• kugeza kuri 2800 K – urumuri rushyushye rw’umuhondo rufite ibara ritukura;
• 3000 K – urumuri rwera rushyushye n’umuhondo;
• 3500 K – urumuri rwera rutagira aho rubogamiye;
• 4000 K – umweru ukonje;
• 5000-6000 K – amanywa;
• 6500 K no hejuru – amanywa akonje hamwe nubururu.

Imbaraga na voltage ikora 

Kwiga ibintu bikora kubipfunyika byibicuruzwa, benshi bibanda ku ndangagaciro zo gukoresha ingufu na voltage ikora.

Ibipimo by’amashanyarazi ni ngombwa mugihe ubara ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi yose. Amatara ya LED akorwa n’imbaraga zitandukanye, akurikije intego yabyo. Kurugero, kuva kuri watt 3 kugeza kuri 20 birahagije kubwinzu, amatara menshi akoresha ingufu, hafi watt 25, arakenewe kumurikira umuhanda.

Ikindi kimenyetso cyingenzi ni voltage ikora. Inkomoko iriho irashobora guhoraho cyangwa guhinduka, ariko voltage ya LED ikenera guhoraho – 12 V. Umushoferi ashinzwe akazi kabo, kayihindura murusobe kubipimo bisabwa.

Amatara ya 12V LED akoreshwa he?

Bitewe na voltage nkeya hamwe numubare munini wubwoko bwibanze, 12 volt LED yamashanyarazi ni rusange. Birashobora gukoreshwa kuri:

• itara rusange (12 volt LEDs ya chandeliers), harimo iyubatswe mubisenge birambuye (amatara ya LED);
• amatara yo gushushanya – hanze n’imbere (amatara).

Amatara ya LED yamashanyarazi nicyiciro cyihariye, gishobora gushyirwaho mumashanyarazi hafi ya yose. Itara rya 12v LED naryo ryagenewe ibigori, ibikoresho, amadirishya yububiko, amasoko, inzira yubusitani, ibitanda byindabyo. Byoroshye kwinjizwa muburyo:

• imbaho;
• ibyapa byamamaza;
• ibyapa.

Imbaraga zidafite ingufu zitanga ibikoresho byongerewe ingufu mumashanyarazi numuriro, bibemerera gukoreshwa mubyumba bikurikira:

• igikoni;
• ubwiherero;
• sauna;
• ibidendezi, harimo no kumurika amazi;
• ububiko;
• hasi;
• hanze nta ngamba zidasanzwe zo kurinda no gukoresha insinga ziyongera.

Igishushanyo cyerekana amatara 12 V.

Ihuza risa n’amatara yaka na fluorescent – ugomba kwongerera ingufu karitsiye hanyuma ukayinjizamo itara. Niba ukeneye guhuza amasoko menshi ya LED yumucyo, noneho inzira ebyiri zo guhuza zirashoboka: serial na parallel.

ihuriro

Irasaba umubare ntarengwa winsinga, ariko ni gake ikoreshwa. Impamvu yabyo ni amakosa akurikira:

• iyo itara rimwe ryaka, umuzenguruko wose urananirwa;
• amatara ntabwo akora ku mbaraga zuzuye, kuva iyo ahujwe murukurikirane, voltage iba yegeranijwe.

Gahunda iroroshye:

1. Kuyobora icyiciro uhereye kumasanduku ahuza kugeza kuri switch.
2. Kuva kuri switch, kurambura icyiciro kugeza itara rya LED.
3. Huza insinga idafite aho ibogamiye kumurongo wa kabiri wamatara yanyuma mumuzunguruko.
4. Kuramo insinga ya fase kuva mumatara.

Guhuza

Inyungu nyamukuru nuko voltage imwe ikoreshwa kumatara yose mumuzunguruko. Mugihe habaye umunaniro, gusa urumuri rwananiranye rutemba ruva mumuzunguruko, byoroshye gusimbuza.

Ni ngombwa gusuzuma umwanya wo guhuza ibintu byose. Kenshi na kenshi, itumanaho ryakoreshejwe kuriyi. Ku ruhande rumwe, icyiciro gihabwa abasimbuka, kuruhande rwinyuma, insinga zirahujwe, ziva kumatara.

Igishushanyo cy’insinga:

Ibyiza n’ibibi

Kugirango uhindure ibikoresho byamatara bihujwe nimbaraga nkeya yumuriro, ugomba kwiga ibyiza byabo nibibi. Mu byiza harimo ibi bikurikira:

• Umutekano. Gukoresha amatara ya LED mubice 12V byongera urwego rwo kurinda kandi bikuraho amahirwe yo guhitanwa n amashanyarazi.
• Umutekano wumuriro. Umuyoboro muke wa voltage ntushobora kuba isoko yo gutwika no gutera umuriro.
• Kuzigama. Iyo ukoresheje isoko yumucyo mubyumba, gukoresha amashanyarazi kandi, kubwibyo, ikiguzi cyamafaranga yo kwishyura fagitire kiragabanuka.
• Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije. Ibishushanyo ntibikoresha ibikoresho, mugihe cyo gukora igikoresho, bisohora ibintu byangiza ubuzima bwabantu cyangwa inyamaswa.
• Kwizerwa. Amatara arwanya cyane ibyangiritse: gushushanya, chip, nibindi.

Ibibi by’amatara ya LED yagenewe 12V harimo:

• Gukenera amashanyarazi (PSU). Kubaho kwa shoferi bihamye kandi bikagabanya umuyagankuba wamashanyarazi kuva kuri 220 kugeza 12 V bigora insinga, bikagabanya imikorere yumucyo, kandi kubwibyo byongeye umurongo udakomeye ugaragara mumuzunguruko, ushobora kunanirwa.
• Garagaza umucyo. Imbaraga za luminous flux yumucyo uhujwe numuyoboro muke wa voltage bigira ingaruka kumanuka wa voltage. Ibi biterwa no gukoresha byinshi bigezweho.

Byatoranijwe neza LED itanga isoko izakora igihe kirekire. Noneho imbogamizi nyamukuru yamatara nigiciro cyayo kinini, ariko hamwe niterambere niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, bizaboneka kumugaragaro kubaguzi bose.

Amatara 12 ya LED amatara arashobora kwitwa uburyo bwemewe kubakoresha. Bafite imico yose ikenewe kugirango igende neza kandi neza mugihe kirekire. Ababikora batanga intera nini, yemerera buri wese guhitamo inzira nziza kuri we.