Ubwoko bwo gusenyuka, no kwikosora amatara ya LED

Amatara ya LED aruta abanywanyi hafi yimyanya yose. Ariko, nubwo ubuzima bwa serivisi bwavuzwe, ibikoresho bimwe birashya na mbere yigihe cyigihe cya garanti. Ntukihutire kubajugunya, 90% by’amatara yatwitse Led-amatara arashobora gusanwa.

Igikoresho nihame ryo gukora itara rya LED

Kugira ngo ukosore itara riyobowe, ugomba kumenya neza igikoresho cyaryo. Hatitawe ku bwoko bwa LED zikoreshwa, ibikoresho byose bimurika, harimo na filament, bifite imiterere imwe.

Itara rya LED rigizwe n’ibice bikurikira:

• LED. Kenshi na kenshi, amatara ya LED afite chip ya SMD na COB. Diode isimburwa gusa nibindi bisa. Niba nta kintu kibereye, ugurisha LED zose – zigomba kuba zimwe.
• Umushoferi . Ikibaho cyumuzingo cyacapwe kiri imbere murubanza. Iyi blok ni generator igezweho. Umushoferi afite imikorere ihanitse hamwe nubushyuhe bwagutse bwo gukora (-40…. + 70 ° C).
• Plinth. Mu matara ya LED, akozwe mubyuma cyangwa mubutaka. Irashobora kandi gukorwa muri plastiki irwanya ubushyuhe. Mu matara yanditseho, urufatiro ntirugurishwa – ibi birinda okiside. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwamasogisi, mumatara yo murugo, akenshi, pin hamwe nududodo.
• Ikibaho. Ifite LED. Ibikoresho byubuyobozi ni anodize ya aluminium. Rimwe na rimwe, kugirango byorohe, ibibanza bya diode birabaze – kugirango bititiranya urukurikirane.
• Imirasire. Irinda ubushyuhe bukabije no gutwika imburagihe. Mu matara yingengo yimari, ikintu gikozwe muri plastiki. Mubyiza-byohejuru, hakunze kubaho ibyuma bitagira umuyonga ibyuma, ubunini bwabyo biterwa nimbaraga za diode.
• Ibintu byiza. Amatara menshi ya LED afite ibikoresho bya diffuzeri. Ahanini ya plastike. Ikwirakwizwa, ryibanda kumucyo kumurongo runaka, bituma iba imwe ishoboka.
  Byongeye kandi diffusers – umutekano wuzuye. Bitandukanye n’ibirahuri by’ibirahure, ntibishobora guturika, bigatera ibyago byo gukomeretsa abantu.

Igikoresho n’ihame ry’imikorere y’itara riyobowe:

• Umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi uva muri karitsiye utangwa kuri terefone fatizo, aho insinga zigurishwa – binyuze muri zo umuyagankuba utangwa winjiza umushoferi, hanyuma ukavamo ingufu za DC zijya ku kibaho hamwe na LED.
• Kugirango ukwirakwize urumuri cyangwa urinde ibice bitwara abantu gukoraho, ikibaho gifite LED gitwikiriye ikirahuri kidasanzwe.

Filament ni ubwoko bwamatara ya LED . Inyuma, birasa cyane n’amatara asanzwe yaka. Ariko munsi yikirahuri ntabwo ari tungsten filament, ahubwo LED isa na filaments.

Imiyoboro yumushoferi nihame ryimikorere

Gusana itara rya LED, ni ngombwa kumva uburyo buri kintu gikora. Abashoferi 220V bose barashobora guhurizwa mumatsinda atatu – hamwe nubu / voltage ihagaze kandi nta guhagarara.

Mubyukuri, gusa uruziga ruhagaze neza ni umushoferi. Ihitamo rya kabiri hamwe na voltage stabilisation, ahubwo ni amashanyarazi kumurongo uyoboye. Umuzunguruko udafite stabilisation nibyiza kuko byoroshye gusana. 

Ihinduka rya none

Muri uyu muzunguruko, hariho imiyoboro igezweho ya SM2082D. Nubwo ifite igikoresho cyoroshye, cyizewe rwose kandi cyiza, kandi cyane cyane, kirashobora gusanwa nibiba ngombwa. Hasi nigishushanyo cya LED-A60 hamwe numushoferi wuzuye:

Uburyo umuzunguruko ukora:

1. Umuvuduko uva kumurongo unyuze kuri F (fuse) winjira ikiraro cya diode VD1-VD4. Hano birakosorwa kandi bigaburirwa C1 (koroshya ubushobozi). Umuvuduko ukosowe (uhoraho) utangwa kuri LED no kuri pin No 2 ya DA1 (microcircuit).
2. Kuva mubisohoka No 1 bya DA1, imbaraga za DC zitangwa kuri LED. Agaciro kanyuma kagenwa nagaciro ka R2 (résistor).
3. R1 ifite byinshi byo guhangana. Irinda capacitor kandi mubyukuri ntabwo yitabira imikorere yumuzunguruko. Inshingano zayo nugusohora vuba capacitor mugihe itara ridacanye.
   Niba ibi bidateganijwe, noneho mugihe ukoraho shingiro, umuntu yakubiswe numuyagankuba ukomeye, kubera ko capacitor C1 yishyuzwa mugihe cyumuzunguruko ugera kuri 300 V.

Hamwe na voltage ihagaze

Uyu muzunguruko ukora stabilisation ntabwo uriho, ariko na voltage. Igishushanyo gikurikira ni amashanyarazi kumatara ayobowe:

Bikora gute:

1. Umuvuduko ukomoka kumurongo uhabwa C1 (capacitor), ikamanura hafi 20 V, hanyuma ikajya kuri VD1-VD4. Hano voltage irakosorwa, yoroshye kuri C2 (capacitor) hanyuma igaburirwa hamwe na voltage igenzura.
2. Byongeye kandi, voltage yongeye koroherezwa – kuri C3 (capacitor), inyura mumashanyarazi igabanya R2 kandi igaburirwa LED. 

Ihitamo iratandukanye niyayibanjirije kuberako hariho imipaka igabanya ubukana. Intangiriro yumuzunguruko ni umurongo wa LED ufite amashanyarazi.

Hatabayeho gushikama

Umushoferi nkuyu akoreshwa mumatara yubushinwa ahendutse. Ariko, hamwe na voltage isanzwe murusobe – nta bitonyanga bitunguranye, uyu muzunguruko urakora neza. Gutuza kwa none cyangwa voltage ntabwo byatanzwe hano. Hariho gukosora gusa voltage no kuyimanura kubiciro bisabwa.

Uburyo umuzunguruko ukora:

1. Hariho ubushobozi bwo kuzimya, buhagarikwa na rezistor kugirango umutekano wiyongere.
2. Umuvuduko ukoreshwa ku kiraro cya diode, hanyuma ukoroshywa kuri capacitor nto (hafi microfarad 10) hanyuma, nyuma yo kunyura mumashanyarazi igabanya ubukana, igaburirwa LED.

Umuzunguruko, mubyukuri, ntabwo ari umushoferi. Gutuza ntibikorwa hano, bityo voltage itangwa kuri LED biterwa numuyoboro. Niba imiyoboro ya voltage idahindagurika, urumuri ruzunguruka.

Bene abo “bashoferi” usanga mumatara yingengo yimari. Niba umuyagankuba w’amashanyarazi ari ibisanzwe, nta gusimbuka, noneho itara ntirizima kandi rishobora gukora igihe kinini.

Kumeneka kenshi

Amatara yo mu rwego rwohejuru yayoboye gake yameneka, ntushobora kuvuga kimwe kubijyanye na bihendutse. Kumeneka bibaho kuri bo, akenshi LED ziracika cyangwa umushoferi bikananirana.

Kumeneka LED

Mu matara ya LED, LED ihujwe murukurikirane. Ibisohoka bya diode imwe ihujwe no kwinjiza iyindi – umuzenguruko uroroshye cyane. Ariko birahagije kugirango kristu imwe imeneke kugirango itara rihagarike.

LED ntabwo ifite ubwishingizi bwo gucanwa, niba rero itara ridacana, ikintu cya mbere ugomba gukora nukugenzura. Biroroshye cyane kubikora. Ibyo ukeneye byose ni multimeter.

Nigute ushobora kugerageza LED kugirango isenyuke:

1. Suzuma kristu. Serivise zifite ibara ryumucyo umwe, ibibara byijimye bigaragara kuri LED yamenetse.
2. Umucuruzi yangije LED. Nyamuneka menya ko ubushyuhe ntarengwa kristu yihanganira bitabangamiye imitungo yabo ni + 80 ° C. Koresha imbaraga nke zo kugurisha icyuma cyangwa icyuma kugirango ucike.
3. Mu mwanya wa LED yagurishijwe, umugurisha ushobora kugereranya ukoresheje flux kuri padi.

Nigute wagenzura ubuzima bwitara hamwe na multimeter:

Itara ryasanwe murubu buryo rizakora, ariko, rizamurika nabi. Ihitamo rikora niba hari kristu 10 cyangwa nyinshi kurubaho. Bibaho ko kristu yatwitse ishobora gusimburwa nabasimbutse insinga.

Mu matara ya 220v, LED yubwoko butandukanye irakoreshwa – mugihe cya plastiki, idapakiye, kumubumbyi weruye, kumirahuri, safiro, cyangwa icyuma.

Ruswa y’abashoferi

Niba mubigaragara LED zose zidahwitse cyangwa zifite amakosa zimaze guhinduka, kandi itara riracyazimye, noneho igihe kirageze cyo gukomeza kugenzura umushoferi. Ibyangiritse byinshi birashobora kumenyekana muburyo bugaragara – muguhindura isura yabarwanya cyangwa ubushobozi.

Mugihe habuze ibyangiritse bigaragara mumushoferi, ubushakashatsi burakorwa hifashishijwe ikizamini:

1. Reba ibintu byose ubanza, hanyuma ingingo zigurishwa, nkuko imikoranire yangirika cyangwa ikazimira bitewe nubushyuhe. Mugihe cyambere, urumuri ruri hejuru kandi ruzimye, murirwo ntirukora neza.
2. Kugirango umenye ibyangiritse kubagurisha, bisuzume witonze mumucyo. Witonze ushushe ahantu hamwe nibice hamwe nicyuma.
3. Ikiraro cya Diode gake gisenyuka, nuko bigenzurwa nyuma. Niba ubonye diode yamenetse, ntugurishe hanyuma wongere ugenzure. Niba gutsindwa byemejwe, simbuza diode yibeshya nindi isa, witegereze polarite.

Amabwiriza ya videwo:

Kumenya icyateye imikorere mibi

Hariho impamvu nyinshi zo kunanirwa-itara riyobowe, kubwibyo, mbere yo gukomeza gusana, birakenewe kumenya impamvu ihindagurika cyangwa idashya na gato.

Ikintu cya mbere ugomba gukora niba itara rya LED ridacana ni ukuyikura muri karitsiye hanyuma ugahindura irindi (ku bushake buyobowe) mu mwanya waryo. Kandi, niba yaka, noneho igitera imikorere mibi iri mumatara ubwayo.

Kubona LED zitari zo

Urashobora kugenzura serivisi / imikorere mibi ya LED ukoresheje multimeter. Hindura muburyo bwo gukomeza kandi urebe LED zose zikurikiranye. Kugirango ukore ibi, shyira mubisobanuro kuri buri kristu.

Kugirango ushakishe LED yamenetse, urashobora kandi gukoresha bateri ya 3-4 V hamwe na konti yagurishijwe.Kureba polarite, shyira insinga kuri diode. Kirisiti nziza izashya, ariko izimenetse ntizizima.

Itara rya LED ryatangiye gucana nka strobe

Niba itara ritazimye burundu, ariko rikazunguruka, rirashobora no gusanwa.

Impamvu zo gucana amatara ayoboye:

• Intege nke cyangwa kubura ubushobozi. Ikibazo kirashobora gukemurwa no gushyira ikintu gikomeye. Niba voltage ya capacitor ari 100 V, na voltage ya diode ni 180 V, agaciro kambere kagomba kongerwa inshuro 1.5-2.
  Igisubizo cya kabiri cyikibazo ni uguhuza ubushobozi bwa kabiri muburyo bubangikanye (kugirango twongere ubushobozi nimbaraga zose).
• Ubushoferi bukabije. Impamvu ni umwuka mubi. Itara, kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi, ritangira guhindagurika no guhumbya, kandi iyo résistoriste igabanya imbaraga, izimye rwose.

Niba LED zidahwitse

Niba LED zose zikora, kandi itara ryazimye, birashoboka cyane ko ibyangiritse biterwa no kwangirika kwabashoferi – résistoriste, microcircuits, ikiraro cya diode, nibindi.

Muri iki kibazo, biroroshye ko umukoresha usanzwe agura itara rishya, kubera ko gusana irishaje bisaba ubumenyi, ubuhanga nubushobozi runaka. Ariko, mbere yo guta itara, fungura ikibaho hamwe na LED hanyuma urebe imbere.

Kurandura itara, kura silicone, kura imigozi no kugurisha insinga “+/-“. Iteraniro rirashobora kuba kumasoko yuzuye amasoko cyangwa kumurongo wagurishijwe. Niwe ukunze gutwika kubera guhura nabi.

Ni iki kizakenerwa mu gusana?

Kugirango usane itara riyobowe, uzakenera gupima na multimeter.

No gusana uzakenera:

• kugurisha icyuma cyingufu nkeya, hamwe noroheje;
• tewers;
• insinga z’insinga;
• platypus;
• ibice by’ibicuruzwa – bigomba kugurwa bitewe n’ubwoko bwo gusenyuka.

Hifujwe kugira itara ridakora – rirashobora kuba isoko yamakuru arambuye.

Platypus yitwa pliers nto. Bafite gufata maremare, byoroshye gufata ibice bito. Ihame, niba nta platypusi, urashobora kubona hamwe na tweger.

Nigute ushobora gusenya itara rya LED?

Gusana cyangwa guhindura amatara ya LED ntibishoboka utabanje kuyasenya. Ubu buryo ntibushobora kwitwa ko bugoye, ariko busaba ubunyangamugayo runaka. Ni ngombwa kutangiza ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cy’itara. Ikibaho cyumuzingo cyacapwe gisaba ibiryo byihariye.

Birasabwa kurasa gusenya itara kuri videwo kugirango bititiranya gahunda zinyuranye zikorwa.

kudacukumbura

Itara rya LED nigikoresho cyoroshye, bityo rero uzisenyure witonze, udakoresheje imbaraga nibikoresho bikarishye aho ushobora gukora utabifite.

Inzira:

1. Kuraho ikibuye cya diffuzeri. Kugirango ukore ibi, fata itara kumpande n’amaboko yombi kandi witonze uzenguruka utandukanya igice cyo hejuru numubiri. Ikidodo gihuza ni gito, kubwibyo ntibisaba imbaraga nyinshi.
2. Tandukanya isahani hamwe na LED mumubiri ukuramo ibimera. Koresha ubwoko bwihariye bwa screwdrivers.
3. Hagarika isahani yo kwishyiriraho ubushyuhe. Koresha ikintu gifite inkingi ityaye, iringaniye, nka tewers. Witonze witonze ku nkombe z’ikibaho hanyuma ukureho burundu.
4. Kugurisha aho uhurira ninsinga zamashanyarazi hanyuma amaherezo utandukane ikibaho hamwe na diode nibindi bice.
5. Tandukanya shingiro na radiator mukuzunguruka. Shira ibice byose by’itara kumeza hanyuma utangire gusana.

Gushyushya umusatsi

Ihitamo rirakwiriye kumatara hamwe nikirahure cyinshi. Kuma umusatsi wubaka bigufasha gushyushya umubiri wamatara kubushyuhe bwifuzwa – ubu ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo gukuraho ikirahuri gifatanye na silindrike.

Bitewe n’umwuka ushyushye, ibice bishyushye biraguka kandi ibifata bifashe ikirahure biba byoroshye. Nyuma yo gushyushya, itara rishobora gusenywa byoroshye mubice bigize ibice.

Video yuburyo bwo gusenya itara rya e27 LED:

Wikorere-ubwawe LED itara ryo gusana ingero

Mbere yo gukomeza gusana amatara ya LED, ni ngombwa gusuzuma iyi nzira hamwe ningero zihariye. Ntabwo hariho verisiyo nyinshi zamatara ayoboye, ariko kandi no kumeneka kwabo.

Amatara ya LED arashobora guhinduka ubuziraherezo niba utumye LED idakora kuri 100 cyangwa 120% yubushobozi bwabo, ariko kuri 50-70% – ibi bizagabanya ubushyuhe kandi birinde ubushyuhe bwinshi, bitewe namatara menshi ya LED ananirwa.

Wikorere-wenyine 220 V yayoboye gusana itara

Umushoferi, 80% byimanza zitera gusenyuka, ntabwo byanze bikunze byubatswe mumatara. Irashobora kuba igizwe na LED yonyine, kandi igikoresho gihamye cyubatswe muri luminaire.

Niba umushoferi akozwe ukundi, gusana biroroshye gukora. Birahagije guhindura itara no kureba neza ko ikibazo kirimo. Niba atari byo, noneho stabilisateur yaracitse. Mu matara hamwe nubushoferi bwubatswe, ibintu biragoye.

Uburyo bwo gusana itara rya bara hamwe numushoferi:

1. Hindura ubushyuhe bwa saha kugirango ugabanye itara.
2. Kuraho umushoferi. Hamagara LED zose, ikiraro cya diode hamwe na microcircuit hamwe na tester.
3. Ntushobora gukorana nibikoresho bya SMD hamwe nicyuma cyo kugurisha, koresha rero umusatsi nogukora sitasiyo. Ntabwo buriwese afite ibyo bikoresho, ugomba rero kumenya gukora utabifite.
4. Nyuma yo kugurisha microcircuit hamwe nikiraro cya diode, shyira hamwe na paste idasanzwe hanyuma ubishyuhe. Ibi bizagufasha nyuma gushiraho ibintu bito hanyuma ubigurishe neza.
5. Tangira na microchip. Ibice nkibi bigurishwa mububiko buzwi cyane bwabashinwa kumurongo kumafaranga 50-80. agace. Fata chip kuri paste, uyifate kandi ugurisha.
6. Ibikurikira nuguhindura ikiraro cya diode. Urashobora kandi kugura iki gice kurubuga rwubushinwa.
7. Kugurisha umushoferi urangiye kuri base. Afite insinga ngufi cyane, ubyubake. Ibi bizirinda gusenya plint, kuzunguruka kuri plastike.
8. Kugurisha kurundi ruhande rwumushoferi kumurongo wacapwe wanditseho LED. Ikintu nyamukuru ntabwo ari uguhindura polarite. Mubisanzwe, inkingi zerekanwa ku kibaho na shoferi – zibande kuri zo.
9. Reba imikorere y’itara. Ariko, niba udafite uburambe mubikorwa byamashanyarazi, ntukabikore mugihe itara ryashenywe – harikibazo cyumuzunguruko mugufi no guhitanwa n amashanyarazi.

LED yo gusana itara:

Gusana ukoresheje urugero rwitara rya ASD LED-A60, 11 W kuri chip ya SM2082

Uyu munsi, amatara akomeye ayobowe arakoreshwa, aho abashoferi bateranira kuri microcircuits ya SM2082. Ibikurikira nurugero rwo gusana itara rimwe na rimwe ryazimye kandi ryongeye gucanwa. Isuzuma ryibanze – guhura nabi.

Inzira:

1. Koresha icyuma kugirango ushireho kandi ukureho ikirahure gitatanye.
2. Suzuma chip ya SM2082. Niba utaragaragaje inenge mugurisha no kumeneka inzira, kura ikibaho. Kugirango ukore ibi, gabanya silicone hanyuma usige ikibaho ukoresheje icyuma.
3. Kugirango ugere kuri shoferi, ntugurishe ushyushya imibonano nicyuma – byombi icyarimwe, hanyuma ubimure iburyo.
4. Kuruhande rumwe rwibibaho byabashoferi hari capacitor 400 V. Kurundi ruhande, hari ikiraro cya diode hamwe na rezistor ebyiri. Kugirango wumve ikibaho kidafite aho gihurira, ubahuze na polarite – insinga ebyiri.
5. Kanda ku mbaho ​​ukoresheje icyuma cya screwdriver. Shakisha aho amakosa ari – muguhuza insinga, muri capacator, muguhuza itumanaho hagati ryibanze.
6. Niba umubonano wangiritse ubonetse, uyisige amavuta na flux hanyuma uyigurishe.

Nigute kugurisha LED yangiritse no kugurisha bishya?

Gukorana na LED, ugomba kuba ushobora kugurisha kandi ufite ibikoresho byose bikenewe muribi. SMD diode ntabwo ifite ibintu bitwara ibintu. Ahubwo, hano hari udupapuro twihariye two guhuza. Kugurisha koresha icyuma kigurisha gifite ingufu za watt 12.

Kugurisha LED uzakenera:

• tewers;
• icyuma;
• flux;
• icyuma;
• nyirubwite.

Nigute wagurisha LED ivuye mumatara ya LED hamwe nicyuma:

1. Kuraho ikibaho cya aluminiyumu utandukanya inzu yamatara nigitereko cyamatara.
2. Reba diode zose hamwe nuwipimishije.
3. Zana icyotezo inyuma yubuyobozi kumasegonda 3-5. Hagarika diode mugihe kugurisha kurekuye.
4. Mbere yuko shingiro rikonja, shyira igitonyanga cya flux kuri paje yo guhuza hanyuma ushyire diode hejuru, urebye polarite.
5. Ongera ushyushye kandi ukande byoroheje kuri kristu. Fata diode kugeza “amaguru” ashyizwe neza mubagurisha.

Amabwiriza ya videwo:

Kwirinda umutekano mugihe usana amatara 220 V LED

Mugihe cyo gusana amatara yayoboye, birakenewe kubahiriza ingamba zibanze zumutekano wamashanyarazi. Ibi bizarinda guhungabana amashanyarazi no gukomeretsa.

Amabwiriza y’umutekano:

• Ibipimo byose hamwe no kugurisha bigomba gukorwa gusa ku mbaho ​​zidafite ingufu.
• Ntugasige icyuma cyagurishijwe.
• Wambare amadarubindi akingira (hari ibyago byo guturika).
• Kuraho ingofero ukoresheje uturindantoki (hari ibyago byo kugabanuka ukoresheje uduce).
• Kora akazi ahantu hafite umwuka, kuko guhumeka imyuka ya rosine byangiza ubuzima.

Ibibazo bizwi cyane

Hano haribibazo bimwe bisanzwe bijyanye no gusana amatara ya LED. Ni aba bakurikira:

• Ni ukubera iki byemewe kugabanya itumanaho rya LED yaka mumatara ya LED? Umushoferi uyobora-itara, bitandukanye na voltage yumuriro uhoraho, itanga agaciro gahoraho kumasoko, ntabwo ari voltage.
  Kubwibyo, utitaye ku kurwanya imitwaro (murwego runaka), ikigezweho kizahora gihoraho, bivuze ko igabanuka rya voltage kuri buri diode izaba imwe.
• Ubuzima bwa serivisi bwamatara yasanwe ni ubuhe, kandi nuburyo bwo kuwongera? Nta gisubizo nyacyo kuri iki kibazo. Abantu basannye amatara ya bara bonyine bavuga ko bamaze umwaka nigice bakora. Nta cyemeza ko indi LED itazashya kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi.
  Rwose, uwabikoze ntashaka gukora amatara “ahoraho”, kuko ibi bizagira ingaruka mbi kubikorwa byinganda zabo.

Byinshi mu bimena amatara ya LED birashobora gukosorwa n’intoki. Kugirango ukore ibi, ugomba kumva neza igikoresho cyitara nihame ryimikorere yacyo. Nukwiga gusana ibikoresho-biyobowe, urashobora kuzigama amafaranga menshi kubyo baguze.