Igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere yabashoferi kumatara ya LED

Abashoferi nibikoresho byihariye byemeza imikorere itara ya LED. Bitabaye ibyo, diode ntigihinduka kandi birananirana vuba. Tuziga uburyo abashoferi batunganijwe nuburyo bakora.

Kuki umushoferi wa LED?

LED ikoresha ingufu nyinshi kandi ikamara igihe kirekire kuruta amatara yaka. Barashobora gukora imyaka myinshi kandi bagakoresha amashanyarazi inshuro nke ugereranije n’itara risanzwe, hamwe n’amashanyarazi ahamye, umushoferi akaba ashinzwe.
LED irumva cyane imbaraga zitangwa mubyo zinjiza. Ntibatinya indangagaciro zo hasi, ariko kwiyongera kwumuvuduko numuyoboro ntibishobora kugabanya gusa umutungo wa semiconductor, ariko kandi birashobora no kubihagarika. Inshingano yumushoferi nugutanga LED hamwe numuyoboro uhamye. Umushoferi w’amatara ya LED – gutanga amashanyarazi. Numuzunguruko wa elegitoronike, ibisohoka bikaba bihoraho byigihe cyagaciro.

Kugirango ibintu bya LED bikore igihe kirekire kandi neza, gutwika cyane kandi nta guhindagurika, umuyoboro w’agaciro nkako ugaragara mumpapuro zamakuru ya tekiniki yikintu cya semiconductor ugomba gutembera muri LED.

Abashoferi ba LED batangwa nababikora bagenewe gukora voltage ya 10, 12, 24, 220 V hamwe numuyoboro utaziguye wa mA 350, 700 mA, 1 A. Mubisanzwe, abashoferi bakorerwa ibikoresho byihariye, ariko hariho nibikoresho rusange bigurishwa bikwiranye LED nyinshi- ibintu biva mubirango bizwi. Stabilisateur ya none ikoreshwa muri:

• sisitemu yo kumurika imihanda no murugo;
• amatara yo mu biro;
• LED imirongo n’amatara meza.

Abashoferi bahindura urumuri nibara rya LED. Ibi bikorwa hifashishijwe ipfundo cyangwa igenzura rya kure. Itara rya LED ridafite umushoferi ntirihinduka kandi rikoresha ibyago byo gutsindwa vuba.

Ihame ry’imikorere

Umuvuduko ukoreshwa mubyinjijwe na LED, bishobora gutandukana. Ibiriho byanyuze mubirwanya R1 na R3, kubona agaciro wifuza, kandi capacitor C1 ishyiraho inshuro zayo. Guhinduranya ibyubu, kubona ibipimo byashyizweho, byinjira ikiraro cya diode. Kunyura muri iki gikosora, ikigezweho cyahinduwe kuva muburyo bwo kuyobora. Byongeye, ibipimo byayo byahinduwe nabarwanya R2 na R4 na capacitor C2. Muri ubu buryo, ubwinshi bwukuri bwibisohoka ibipimo bigerwaho. Igishushanyo cy’amashanyarazi cyigikoresho:

Ubwoko bwabashoferi ukurikije ihame ryimikorere

Abashoferi bose ba LED bagabanijwe kumurongo kandi bahinduwe. Buri tsinda rifite ibyiza, ibibi n’ibyifuzo byo gukoresha. Kugereranya kumurongo na pulse ihindura:

Umurongo

Ukurikije umurongo uzunguruka, abashoferi boroheje kumatara ya LED bararemye. Nkikintu gihamye, résistoriste igabanya imbaraga zirwanya ikoreshwa. Mu mushoferi winganda, “moteri” ya résistor ntabwo igenzurwa numuntu, ahubwo ikoreshwa na electronics. Niba voltage izamutse kubintu byingenzi, ikigezweho nacyo gitangira kuzamuka, kandi iyo kigeze ku gaciro kitemewe, LED irashyuha hanyuma igasenywa. Mubice byinshi byumuzunguruko, tristoriste ikoreshwa mugutunganya ibyagezweho. Ingaruka zumurongo wumurongo nigihombo kinini cyingufu, kuva hamwe na voltage yiyongera, gutandukana kwayo kutagira umumaro kwiyongera. Ingaruka nkiyi iremewe usibye amatara make. Kuri LED nyinshi za watt, gahunda nkizo ntizikwiye. Ibyiza bya gahunda yo gutuza umurongo:

• igishushanyo cyoroshye;
• igiciro gito;
• kwiringirwa bihagije (ku mbaraga nkeya).

Umurongo uhamye:

Indwara

Ihitamo rya kabiri ni impulse stabilisation. Nyuma yo gufungura buto ya KH, capacitor C irishyurwa. Nyuma yo gufungura imibonano ya buto, itangira gusohora, itanga amashanyarazi kubintu bya semiconductor. Igenzura ryoroshye cyane:
Mugihe ubushobozi butanga ingufu, diode itanga urumuri. Hejuru yinjiza voltage, nigihe gito cyo kwishyuza. Kanda no kurekura buto bikomeza urumuri. Iri hame ryimikorere ryitwa pulse-ubugari modulation. Ibikorwa byinshi ndetse nibihumbi nibihumbi bibaho kumasegonda.

Ubwoko bwabashoferi ukurikije ubwoko bwibishushanyo

Abashoferi kubintu bya LED nibintu bito bya elegitoronike byegeranijwe bivuye kubirwanya, capacator hamwe na diode ya semiconductor yashyizwe ku kibaho. Ibikoresho bihindura ibyerekezo bya LED birahari muburyo 2:

• Muri corps. Ubu ni bwo buryo busanzwe. Igiciro cyiki gikoresho kiri hejuru. Inyungu zayo nyamukuru ni ukurinda ibintu byubatswe nubushyuhe n ivumbi.
• Nta mubiri. Imikoreshereze yabo ifite ishingiro gusa kwishyiriraho. Birahendutse kuruta kugereranya.

Ukurikije igishushanyo, abahindura bagabanijwe mu matsinda atatu.

Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki

Muguhindura ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, transistor ishinzwe gukosora ibyagezweho. Inshingano zayo ni ugupakurura microcircuit igenzura. Kugirango ucyure neza ibishoboka byose, capacitor yashizwe kumusaruro wumuzunguruko.
Ibikoresho bya elegitoronike birazimvye, ariko bigahindura ibyagezweho kugeza kuri 750 mA. Abashoferi baheruka muri ubu bwoko basanzwe bashyirwa kumatara hamwe na E27 shingiro. Ingaruka nyamukuru ningaruka no kwivanga murwego rwo hejuru. Niba ibikoresho byo murugo, nka radio, byacometse kumurongo umwe hamwe n itara, kwivanga bibaho kumurongo wa FM. . Umushoferi mwiza wa elegitoronike agomba kugira ubushobozi bubiri icyarimwe:

• amashanyarazi, yoroshya impanuka;
• ceramic, igabanya inshuro nyinshi.

Uku guhuza ni gake, cyane cyane mubashinwa bikozwe nabashinwa. Abakoresha IC bazi neza barashobora kubona ibipimo byumushoferi muguhindura indangagaciro. Bitewe nubushobozi buhanitse – hafi 95% – abashoferi ba elegitoronike bakoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye (kugirango barebe imikorere yamatara ya LED yimodoka, amatara kumuhanda no kumurika murugo).

Bishingiye ku bushobozi

Abashoferi bashingiye kumikoreshereze ya capacator ntibakunzwe cyane. Hafi yingengo yimari ya LED yamashanyarazi hamwe nibikoresho nkibi bifite imiterere isa.
Bitewe nimpinduka zakozwe nababikora kumashanyarazi, ibintu bimwe bishobora gukurwaho. Cyane cyane akenshi ntibafite capacitor ishinzwe koroshya imvururu. Ibyiza byabashoferi ba capacitor:

• ubworoherane bwo gushushanya;
• Imikorere ikunda 100%, kubera ko gutakaza ingufu bigaragarira gusa muburwanya no guhuza ibice bya semiconductor.

Nk’uko GOST ibivuga, igipimo cyemewe cyo guhindagurika ni 10-20% kandi biterwa n’intego y’icyumba igikoresho gikoreramo.

Ntibishoboka

Dimmer ni igikoresho kigenzura urumuri rwa LED. Abashoferi benshi ba kijyambere bashiramo ibi bintu byingirakamaro.
Ibyiza byabashoferi badahinduka:

• umukoresha ahitamo urwego rwo kumurika rworohewe kurubu;
• kwinjizamo dimmer muri stabilisateur zubu bigufasha gukoresha ubukungu gukoresha amashanyarazi nubuzima bwa LED.

Amahitamo yo kwicwa:

• Igikoresho kijimye kiri hagati yumuriro n itara rya LED. Igikoresho nkiki kigenzura amashanyarazi ahabwa LED. Mubisanzwe aba ni pulse-ubugari stabilisateur (PWM) ikosora ingano yubu.
• Igikoresho kigenzura amashanyarazi. Irakora ikosora. Umucyo n’ibara rya diode birahinduka.

Ubuzima bwose

Ikiringo cyimikorere ikwiye yumushoferi biterwa nubwiza bwimikorere. Ariko nigikoresho cyiza cyane gifite ibikoresho bito cyane kuruta LED ihujwe nayo. LED ibintu biva mubirango bizwi bimara amasaha 100.000. Igihe cyagereranijwe cyo gukora:

• ubuziranenge – kugeza ku masaha 20.000;
• mpuzandengo – kugeza ku masaha 50.000;
• muremure – kugeza amasaha 70.000.

Kubyara umusaruro n’umuhanda, birasabwa gufata abashoferi bafite ubuzima burebure.

Ikiringo cya stabilisateur igezweho ya LED iterwa nibintu byo hanze. Umushoferi arashobora kunanirwa kubwimpamvu zikurikira:

• ubuhehere bwinshi mu cyumba, butajyanye n’urwego rwo kurinda igikoresho;
• ubushyuhe bukabije;
• guhumeka nabi;
• kubara imbaraga zitari zo kubara.

Kenshi na kenshi, umushoferi aravunika bitewe na capacitor – birananirana mugihe amashanyarazi yiyongereye murusobe.

Nigute ushobora guhitamo umushoferi?

Benshi mu bashoferi ba LED bagurisha ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu bikozwe mu Bushinwa, bihendutse, kandi ntabwo bifite ireme. Mu bashoferi b’amatara ya LED yo mu Bushinwa, microcircuits zifite inenge zikunze kuboneka, ntabwo ari byiza kuzigura. Igikoresho nkiki kirananirana vuba, kandi ntibishoboka ko bizashoboka kuyigurana bundi bushya cyangwa gusubiza amafaranga. Inama zo guhitamo umushoferi wa LED:

• Fata stabilisateur iriho hamwe numutwaro.
• Reba imbaraga zumutwaro uzahuzwa na shoferi.
• Witondere umubiri. Igomba kwerekana imbaraga, voltage iringaniye (ibyinjijwe nibisohoka), agaciro ka nominal yumuyaga uhagaze neza, urwego rwo kurwanya ivumbi n ivumbi.

Imbaraga ntarengwa zo gutwara

Ibisohoka voltage biterwa numubare wa diode mumuzunguruko no kuri gahunda yo kubishyiramo. Igomba kuba irenze cyangwa ingana nigiteranyo cyingufu zikoreshwa na buri gice cyumuriro wamashanyarazi. Ikigereranyo cyagenwe kigenwa nimbaraga zibintu nubucyo bwabyo. Intego ya stabilisateur ni ugutanga diode imbaraga zikenewe. Imbaraga zose za LED zigenwa nibipimo bya buri kintu, umubare wamabara. Ingano yingufu zikoreshwa zibarwa ukurikije formula: P = PLED x N, aho N numubare wa diode mumuzunguruko, PLED nimbaraga za diode imwe. Agaciro kizina kafashwe na 20-30% kurenza imbaraga zabazwe: Pmax ≥ (1.2..1.3) * P. Ibara ryurumuri rwibintu naryo ryitabwaho. Ihindura ibisohoka voltage. Yerekanwa neza kubikoresho cyangwa kubipakira. Kurugero, hari LED eshatu eshatu. Noneho imbaraga zose ni watts 9. Basabwe gutwara umushoferi Pmax = 9 x 1.3 = 11.7 watts.

Igiciro

Abatwara amatara ya LED bagurishwa mububiko bw’amashanyarazi, kuri interineti, ku bicuruzwa bicuruza ibice bya radiyo. Kugura kumurongo nibyo bihendutse.
Ibiciro bigereranijwe kuri stabilisateur zubu:

• DC12V (imbaraga 18 W, kwinjiza voltage 12 V, ibisohoka 100-240 V) – amafaranga 190;
• LB0138 (6 W, 45 V, 220 V) – amafaranga 170;
• YW-83590 (21 W, 25-35 V, 200-240 V) – amafaranga 690;
• LB009 (150 W, 12 V, 170-260 V) – 750.

Microcircuit ya PT4115 – ihindura amafaranga – igura amafaranga 150 kuri buri gice. Ibintu bikomeye cyane bigura kuva kumafaranga 150 kugeza kubihumbi.

Ibindi biranga

Mugihe ugura umushoferi, witondere ibintu bikurikira:

• Umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi. Agaciro kayo gashingiye ku mubare wa LED muri luminaire, ku buryo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi no kugabanuka kwa voltage hejuru ya semiconductor. Hano hari ibikoresho ku isoko bifite voltage kuva kuri 2 kugeza kuri 50 V nibindi.
• Ikigereranyo cyubu. Byakagombye kuba bihagije gutanga urumuri rwiza.
• LED ibara. Ihindura igabanuka rya voltage.

Kwishingikiriza kumashanyarazi kumabara ya LED:

Niba isoko yumucyo ifite LED 1 zitatu zera LED zahujwe murukurikirane, uzakenera umushoferi ufite voltage ya 9-12 V hamwe numuyoboro wa mA 350. Umuvuduko wa voltage hejuru ya kirisiti yera ni 3.3 V. Iyo uhujwe murukurikirane, voltage zegeranijwe. Ihinduka 9.9 V, ihaza urwego rwimikorere ya shoferi. Ukurikije ihinduka, ibikoresho bikoreshwa kumubare runaka wa LED – imwe, ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi.

Mubuzima bwa buri munsi no kuri phytolamps, birasabwa gukoresha abashoferi mubihe. Nibyiza cyane kandi bifite umutekano kuruta ibidafite imiterere.

Kurugero, abashoferi ba LED bafite chip ya 9918c mumatara ya LED birakwiriye gutwara amatara adacogora kandi ashyigikira ingufu zigera kuri 25W.

Guhuza abashoferi

Umushoferi aroroshye cyane guhuza LED. Ku mubiri wacyo hari ibimenyetso byose bikenewe. Iyinjiza ya voltage ikoreshwa kumurongo winjiza (INPUT), kandi umurongo wa LED uhujwe nibisohoka (OUTPUT). Ikintu nyamukuru nukwitegereza polarite.

Iyinjiza polarite

Niba umushoferi akoreshwa na voltage ihoraho, pole nziza yinkomoko yimbaraga ihujwe na “+” itumanaho. Kuri AC voltage, witondere kuranga ibyinjira byinjira. Guhitamo ibimenyetso:

• “L” na “N”. Koresha icyiciro kugirango usohoke “L”. Urashobora kuyisanga hamwe na screwdriver idasanzwe. Huza insinga idafite aho ibogamiye kuri “N”.
• “~”, “AC” cyangwa nta kimenyetso. Muri iki kibazo, polarite ntabwo ari ngombwa, ntushobora kuyitegereza.

Ibisohoka hanze

Ubuharike bugomba guhora bugaragara hano. “Wongeyeho” insinga ihujwe na anode yikintu cya mbere cya semiconductor, insinga “minus” ihujwe na cathode ya diode iheruka. Guhuza abashoferi:
220 / 12V LED itara ryumushoferi (kwinjiza / ibisohoka voltage):

Gusana abashoferi ba LED

Niba umugenzuzi uriho yatakaje ubushobozi bwo gukora imirimo yarwo, ibi birashobora kwangiza LED. Ni ngombwa kumenya gusenyuka mugihe. Kugerageza umushoferi wa LED, 220 V ikoreshwa mubyo yinjije.Umuvuduko uhoraho ugomba kugaragara kumusaruro wumushoferi ukora. Byongeye kandi, agaciro kayo kazaba nini cyane kurenza urwego rwo hejuru rwerekanwe kumupaki wigikoresho. Ubu buryo buroroshye kubushyira mubikorwa, ariko ntibishoboka gucira urubanza ubuzima bwigikoresho. Kugenzura niba umushoferi akora, kora ibi bikurikira:

1. Shyiramo résistoriste kumusaruro wa stabilisateur yubu. Kurwanya kwayo byatoranijwe hitawe kubitekerezo byatanzwe. Kugenwa n’amategeko ya Ohm: R = U / I.
2. Fata résistoriste hamwe nimbaraga zibarwa hamwe nimbaraga zijyanye.
3. Nyuma yo gushiraho rezistor, bapima ibisohoka voltage hamwe na tester. Niba itarenze urwego rukora, igikoresho gikora neza.

Inzira ya kabiri yo gushakisha kunanirwa kwabashoferi:

1. Niba igikoresho gifite fuse, hamagara. Ikizamini kigomba kwerekana ko kurwanya ari zeru. Niba kurwanya bikunda kutagira iherezo, simbuza fuse. Niba itara ryaka nyuma yo gufungura umuyoboro, gusana birarangiye.
2. Niba fuse itavuze, shakisha gusenyuka kure. Reba ikiraro cya diode.
3. Niba ikosora ikurikirana, ugomba kugurisha capacitor yoroshye hanyuma ukayivuza. Kurwanya gato, gukura imbere y’amaso yacu, byerekana serivisi ya capacitor.
4. Kubushoferi bworoshye, iri genzura rizaba rihagije kugirango ubone inkomoko yikibazo. Muri stabilisateur zigezweho, ugomba kuvuza diode zose hamwe nubushobozi bwa electrolytike.

Mugihe ugerageza gushaka gusenyuka, suzuma ihame ryimikorere yumuzunguruko:

• Umurongo. Mubashoferi nkabo, kurinda ibitonyanga bya voltage bikorwa hakoreshejwe 5-100 Ohm résistoriste. Imyigaragambyo imwe ishyirwa mugukosora (ikiraro cya diode). Kugabanya flicker, capacitor nini ya electrolytike ihujwe nuburinganire numutwaro.
• Indwara. Muri aba bahindura harimo microcircuits zirinda iterabwoba ryose – ubushyuhe bukabije, imizigo irenze urugero. Ntibagomba kumeneka, ariko byose bibaho nabashoferi b’Abashinwa.

Ikibazo cyo gusana abashoferi kiri mubibazo byo guhitamo microcircuits ibereye. Cyane cyane niba stabilisateur ikorerwa mubushinwa. Niba nta buryo bwakwemerera gushakisha impamvu zitera gusenyuka kwa stabilisateur, ugomba kuvugana numuhanga. Cyangwa gura undi mushoferi.

Itandukaniro ryo gutanga amashanyarazi

Umushoferi abakoresha benshi bibeshya bahamagara amashanyarazi. Mubyukuri, ni ibikoresho bitandukanye. Amashanyarazi atuma voltage, umushoferi – ikigezweho. Niba LED ihujwe nimbaraga zitari zo, birananirana vuba. Amashanyarazi arashobora kuba:

• Guhindura. Ntibisanzwe muri iki gihe, kuko muri rusange batakaza abo bahanganye. Guhindura transformateur ikora 12 cyangwa 24 V uhereye kuri voltage ya 220 V. Noneho voltage ihinduranya ikosorwa kugirango yerekane. Byakoreshejwe ku mutwaro.
• Indwara. Muri bo, voltage ihita igororoka – 220 V AC ihinduka 220 V DC. Noneho ijya kuri pulse generator, ikora indi ntera ya voltage yumurongo mwinshi. Ikintu cyanyuma ni transformateur.

Amashanyarazi yombi atanga umusaruro uhoraho wa voltage yubunini bumwe. Ibikoresho nkibi ntibikwiranye na LED, kubera ko “zikoreshwa” numuyagankuba. Kandi voltage igabanuka hejuru ya semiconductor nimwe gusa mubiranga. Niba ibipimo byanditse kuri LED, kurugero, 10 mA na 2.7 V, ibi bivuze ko ibirenze Amperes yerekanwe bidashobora kunyuramo – bizashya. Hamwe no kunyura kumashanyarazi ya mA 10, 2.7 V yatakaye kuri semiconductor.Ibi rwose ni igihombo, kandi ntabwo ari voltage isabwa kugirango ucane LED.

Nigute ushobora gukora umurongo wa LED umushoferi ukoresheje amaboko yawe?

Kugira microcircuits ziteguye, amaradiyo yose yikinamico arashobora guteranya umushoferi wa LED. Kuri aka kazi, ugomba kuba ushobora gukora ibintu bibiri – soma ibishushanyo mbonera byamashanyarazi kandi utunge icyuma. Kurugero, urashobora guteranya stabilisateur ya 3 W LED ukoresheje chip ya PowTech – PT4115 (Ubushinwa). Ihindura, ryakozwe hashingiwe kuri iyi microcircuit, ifite byibuze ibintu nibintu byiza. Ihinduranya ryoroshye cyane ryateranijwe ndetse no mumashanyarazi ya terefone. Ibikurikira nubuyobozi bwo guteranya umushoferi kuri LED eshatu. Ku kazi uzakenera:

• Amashanyarazi ya terefone igendanwa. Kurugero, kuva Samsung – birizewe cyane. Ibipimo byibikoresho – 5 V na 700 mA.
• Trimmer résistoriste hamwe na 10 kOhm.
• Ibintu bitatu LED bifite imbaraga za 1 W.
• Umugozi ucomeka.

Uburyo bwo guteranya umushoferi:

1. Gusenya charger, witonde kugirango utangiza ibintu byayo.
2. Koresha icyuma cyo kugurisha kugurisha 5 kΩ résistor yinjira. Isimbuze hamwe na résistoriste ishobora guhinduka.
3. Menya ibisohoka kuburemere na polarite kugirango ugurishe LED neza. Bateranijwe mbere mumuzunguruko.
4. Kugurisha imibonano kuva kumugozi hanyuma ushireho umugozi ucomeka. Mbere yo kugenzura niba stabilisateur ikora, menya neza ko ibintu byose bihujwe neza. Niba ukoze amakosa, hashobora kubaho uruziga rugufi.
5. Hindura ikigezweho hamwe na trimmer kugirango LED imurikire.
6. Niba ibintu bisohora urumuri biri, reba voltage, ikigezweho, imbaraga hamwe na tester.

Niba LED yaka, nta kibatsi cyangwa umwotsi, inteko yagenze neza – DIY yawe iriteguye. Gukoresha umushoferi watoranijwe neza nikintu cyingenzi kubikorwa byo murwego rwohejuru kandi birebire byigihe kirekire byamashanyarazi ya LED. Ihitamo ryizewe cyane ni ukugura igikoresho cyanditseho amatara ya LED. Niba wumva imirongo kandi ukaba “inshuti” hamwe nicyuma kigurisha, urashobora guhora uteranya umushoferi ukwiye kubintu bya LED.