Kodi kuwala kwa nyali za LED ndi chiyani?

Nyali zowunikira zowunikira (LED) zimadziwika ndi magawo ambiri omwe amawunikira kwambiri komanso otetezeka. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza zazikulu za zida za kalasiyi, kuphatikiza kufananiza chomaliza ndi cha nyali zachikhalidwe za incandescent, ndipo iperekanso malingaliro pakusankha nyali zanyumba za LED.

Kodi flux yowala ndi chiyani?

Kuwala kowala ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi komwe kumadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mayunitsi “opepuka” amphamvu yofananira ndi radiation flux. Mphamvu ya kuwala, nayonso, ndi mphamvu imene imadutsa m’malo ena mu nthawi inayake.

Mwachidule, kuwala kowala ndi lingaliro lomwe limatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi gwero (mu chimango cha nkhaniyi, ichi ndi chipangizo chopepuka), komanso momwe ma radiation amatulutsira ndikugawidwa mumlengalenga.

Mphamvu ya kuwala kowala ndipo imayesedwa bwanji?

Poyesa ndikuyerekeza zida zowunikira, gawo loyezera la kuwala kowala ngati lumen limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ichi ndi gawo lofunikira la kuyeza komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi gwero, kutuluka kwa kuwala. Pakalipano, ndikulakwitsa kwa akatswiri owunikira ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri kuti ayese zida zowunikira pogwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la “kuwala”. Mawuwa sali olakwika okha, komanso akhoza kusocheretsa, makamaka pankhani ya nyali za LED.

Nyali zachikale za incandescent zimatulutsa mumtundu waukulu kwambiri wa chizindikiro cha kuwala, pamene nyali za LED “zimaphimba” gawo lochepa chabe la “buluu” lake. Koma nthawi yomweyo, kutulutsa mphamvu pafupifupi yofananira, gwero la LED limawala kwambiri.

Pankhani ya nyali za LED, lingaliro la “kuunika” nthawi zina limagwiritsidwa ntchito (lodziwika ndi mphamvu yomwe kuwala kumagwera pamwamba). Chigawo chovomerezeka chowunikira ndi lux (lx).

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito nyali za LED

Nyali za LED zowunikira zimasiyana kunja kokha, mawonekedwe amkati a zida zosiyanasiyana ndi ofanana. Kuwala kumatulutsidwa mwachindunji ndi ma LED, chiwerengero, mphamvu ndi mtundu wamtundu womwe umasiyana malinga ndi chitsanzo.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito nyali yowunikira ya LED imachokera ku kutembenuka kwa magetsi oyendetsa magetsi, pogwiritsa ntchito dera lamagetsi, kuti likhale lokhazikika, lomwe limadyetsa makristasi owala.

Chipangizo chowunikira chanyumba cha LED chimakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Diffuser ndi gawo lapadera la hemisphere lomwe limachulukitsa kubalalitsidwa ndikubalalitsa molingana kutulutsa kowala. Malingana ndi chitsanzo, chigawo ichi chikhoza kupangidwa ndi pulasitiki ya matte, yowonekera kapena yowonekera (kupatulapo ndi zipangizo za fulorosenti, pomwe chinthu chapadera chowunikira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito).
• Crystal LED ndiye maziko a nyali yamakono ya LED. Chiwerengero chawo chikhoza kusiyana ndi chimodzi mpaka khumi ndi awiri – zimatengera mapangidwe, miyeso, mphamvu, kukula kwa kutentha kwachitsanzo china. Ndiwo khalidwe la makristasi a LED omwe amatsimikizira magawo akuluakulu a chipangizocho ndi kulimba kwake, chifukwa ngati chip chikalephera, nyali ikhoza kutayidwa.
• Bokosi losindikizidwa – pakupanga kwake, aloyi yapadera ya aluminium anodized imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imalola kuti igwirizane bwino ndi radiator, kutaya kutentha.
• The heatsink ndi chopangidwa mwapadera chopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu chomwe chimalola kuchotsa bwino kutentha kwa makhiristo. Malo ochotsa kutentha kwa radiator amawonjezeka chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mbale zambiri pathupi la chinthu ichi.
• Dalaivala ndi gawo lofunikira pamayendedwe, popanda makristalo a LED amangoyaka. Chipangizochi chimakonza, chimachepetsa ndikukhazikitsa mphamvu ya mains voltage. Pali madalaivala akutali komanso omangika – zida zambiri zowunikira zapakhomo za LED zili ndi zida zaposachedwa zomwe zimayikidwa mwachindunji munyumba ya nyali.
• Capacitor ndi gawo laukadaulo la wailesi lomwe limawonjezeranso ma ripples amagetsi omwe amaperekedwa ku matrix a LED.
• Polima m’munsi wa gawo m’munsi ndi structural chinthu chofunika kuteteza thupi la chipangizo kuwonongeka magetsi ndi munthu kugwedezeka magetsi pamene kusintha nyali.
• Plinth – gawo losinthira lomwe limapereka kulumikizana ndi mains. Nthawi zambiri, maziko amapangidwa ndi nickel-plated mkuwa, omwe amapereka kukhudzana kodalirika komanso anti-corrosion effect.

Ndikoyenera kunena kuti mu zida za LED, mosiyana ndi nyali zachikhalidwe za incandescent, malo otenthetsera kwambiri amakhazikitsidwa mkati. Pachifukwa ichi, nyali ya LED imafuna kuzizira kwamkati kwamkati, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati radiator yozizira.

Makhalidwe akuluakulu

Munjira zambiri, zida za LED ndizabwino kuposa nyali za incandescent ndi magwero ena owunikira. Pakati pa magawo angapo aukadaulo a nyali za LED, zingapo zazikulu zitha kusiyanitsa.

Mphamvu ya nyali ya LED

Pansi pa mphamvu ya chipangizo cha LED, amatanthauza mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imadyedwa ndi iyo kuchokera pa intaneti. Kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti wogula aziyendetsa, chizindikiro chofanana cha nyali ya incandescent chikuwonetsedwa pa phukusi la nyali ya LED.
Pakalipano, mphamvu ya zipangizo zofanana zoterezi zimasiyana. Iwo ali ndi kuwala kosiyana ndi kuwala kowala mphamvu.

Ngongole yobalalika

Kuwala kowala kwa nyali zapakhomo za LED kumamwazikana pamakona a 60 ° – 340 °. Zipangizo zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ocheperako kwambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kuyatsa, kuyatsa kozungulira. Zipangizo zokhala ndi ngodya yobalalika zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zowunikira zonse. Mbali yayikulu kwambiri yobalalika imapezeka kwa nyali zokhala ndi ulusi wa LED. Chizindikiro cha chipangizo chamtunduwu chimagwirizana ndi nyali zachikhalidwe za incandescent.

Adapanga kuwala kowala

Kuwala kwa chipangizo chounikira, kapena m’malo mwake kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumatulutsa, kumadziwika ndi chizindikiro monga “luminous flux”, monga tafotokozera kale, kuyeza mu lumens. Nyali ya LED ya 400 lumens imakhala yofanana ndi nyali ya 40 watt incandescent. M’zochita, pali chizolowezi kwa opanga zida za LED dala mopambanitsa khalidwe ili. Ma parameters omwe ali pafupi ndi enieni pazida zenizeni angapezeke pofufuza zotsatira za mayesero odziimira okha.

Kutentha kokongola

Nyali yodziwika bwino kwambiri imatulutsa kuwala kofewa kofewa, komwe kutentha kwake kumayandikira 2750 Kelvin (K). Chifukwa chake, nyali ya LED yokhala ndi kutentha kwamtundu womwewo imapereka kuwala kwapafupi kwa nyali yachikhalidwe. Nthawi zambiri, zida za LED zimadziwika ndi kutentha kwamtundu wa 3000 K – zokhala ndi maso omasuka, koma kuwala koyera pang’ono. Nyali zokhala ndi chizindikiro cha 3000 – 4000 K ndizoyenera maofesi. Zida zowunikira zokhala ndi kutentha kwamtundu wa 5000 K kapena kupitilira apo ndizoyenera zipinda zothandizira.

Ripple factor

Makhalidwewa amagwira ntchito pazida zonse zowunikira. Zida zapamwamba za LED zili ndi chinthu chochepa kwambiri, chomwe ndi 3 mpaka 5 kutsika kuposa nyali za incandescent. Malinga ndi chizindikiro ichi, zida za LED zimaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo aliwonse. Mu nyali zotsika mtengo, nthawi zambiri ma ripple coefficient samawonetsedwa, komabe, kulimba kwake kumawunikidwa mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito kamera ya foni. Pamaso pa ma ripples, mikwingwirima yakuda imawonekera pachiwonetsero.

Mphamvu yofanana

Pakuyika kwa nyali ya LED, nthawi zambiri pamakhala chizindikiro ngati mphamvu yofananira ya nyali ya incandescent. Mwachitsanzo, zitha kukhala zambiri kuti chipangizo cha LED chili ndi mphamvu ya 5 W, yofanana ndi mphamvu ya nyali ya incandescent ya 40 W. Osakhala opanga osamala kwambiri amatha kukhala achinyengo pankhani ya magawo awa, chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuti choyamba mumvetsere mawonekedwe a kuwala kowala kwa nyali ya LED.

Voltage yogwira ntchito

Ma voliyumu okhazikika a nyali zamakono za LED ndi 220 V (ya mains wamba) ndi 12 V (yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi). Zomalizazi zimagwira ntchito pamagetsi onse a AC ndi DC. Komabe, zina mwa nyalezi, zikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gwero lamphamvu lamagetsi, zimatha kukhala ndi chinthu chokwera kwambiri chomwe chimawononga maso.

Mtundu woperekera index

Mlozera wowonetsa mtundu wamtundu wa chipangizo cha LED ndi wosiyana poyerekeza ndi nyali ya incandescent. Ili ndi gawo lamtundu wa buluu wambiri. Mtundu wopereka index (Ra), wofotokozedwa ndi wopanga chipangizocho, umadziwika ndi kufanana kwamitundu yonse yamitundu. Kuwala kowala kokhala ndi index yotsika (zosakwana 80 Ra) sikusangalatsa m’maso. Nyali za incandescent ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa zili ndi chizindikiro ichi m’dera la 97 – 98 Ra, nyali zapamwamba za LED ndizoposa 80, zitsanzo za munthu aliyense – 90 mayunitsi. M’malo mwake, cholozera chamitundu yowoneka bwino chimaganiziridwa mwadala ndi ena opanga: akalembedwa pa Ra – 80 ma CD, amatha kukhala 75 kapena ocheperako.

Kuwongolera kowala

Nyali zambiri za LED sizigwira ntchito ndi zida za dimming zomwe zimapangidwira kusintha kuwala kwa zowunikira. Komabe, zowunikira za LED zitha kupezeka pamsika zomwe zili kale ndi dimmer unit, kapena ali ndi mwayi wothandizira ma dimmer akunja a nyali za incandescent kapena zopangidwira zida za diode.

Kutentha ndi kutentha m’badwo

Kuwala kowala kwa LED kumawongolera mbali imodzi, pomwe kutentha kumatuluka mbali ina. Pachifukwa ichi, mkati mwa nyali ya LED iyenera kukhala itakhazikika. Kuti muchite izi, chipangizo chowunikira chimakhala ndi radiator.

Kufananiza kwa zida za LED ndi nyali za incandescent

Kuti mufananize mawonedwe a zida za LED ndi nyali za incandescent, muyenera kutchula tebulo lapadera. Monga mukuwonera, kusiyana kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pakati pa magulu awa a zida zokhala ndi mphamvu yofananira yowala ndikofunikira.

Koma m’malo mwake, chowongolera cha 5W LED sichifanana ndi nyali ya 40W incandescent. Kuwala kwa chipangizo cha LED kumatha kukhala kutali ndi 400 lumens kutengera zinthu zingapo. Izi, mwachitsanzo, ndi matte kesi, “kumeza” gawo la mphamvu ndi dalaivala, zigawo zina zamagetsi, ndi zina zotero.

Kutulutsa kowala

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakuwerengera kwa chiwembu chowunikira cha chipindacho ndikutulutsa kowala kwa chipangizo chokwera. Izi zimayesedwa mu Lumens / Watts. Mu nyali za incandescent, kuwala kumachokera ku 8 mpaka 10 lm/W. Mu ma LED, magawowa amachokera ku 90 mpaka 110 Lm / W, komanso mumitundu yapamwamba – kuchokera 120 mpaka 140 Lm / W. Pakutulutsa kuwala, zowunikira za LED ndizabwinoko ka 8-10 kuposa njira zina.

Kutentha kutentha

Poyerekeza ma LED ndi nyali zachikhalidwe za incandescent, kutentha kwawo kumayenera kuganiziridwa. Mababu agalasi a nyali za incandescent amatenthetsa mpaka 230 – 240 digiri Celsius, pomwe nyali yamphamvu ya LED imatha kutentha mpaka madigiri 45. Pachifukwa ichi, zotsirizirazi sizowopsa pamoto ndipo zimatha kuyikidwa m’chipinda chilichonse, mosiyana ndi nyali za incandescent, zomwe sizikuvomerezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito, mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa nyumba zamatabwa.

Moyo wonse

Chikhalidwe chachikulu chomwe chimalankhula za ubwino wa ma LED. Matrix a LED amatha kugwira ntchito kwa maola 40,000, pomwe nyali ya incandescent nthawi zambiri imakhala maola opitilira chikwi chimodzi, yomwe imakhala pafupifupi 40 kuchepera. Chifukwa cha chilungamo, ziyenera kuzindikiridwa kuti mitengo yapamwamba yotereyi imakhala yochokera kuzinthu zamtundu wa LED kuchokera kwa opanga odziwika bwino. Makristali otsika mtengo a LED ali ndi gwero lotsika kwambiri.

kuchita bwino

Kuwala kwa nyali ndi lingaliro lomwe limadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumapangidwa pokhudzana ndi kutentha kwa chipangizocho. Khalidwe ili la zida za LED likuyandikira 90%, pomwe, monga nyali zowunikira, ntchito yothandiza ikuyerekeza 7-9 peresenti. Mosakayikira, zida zowunikira za LED zochulukirachulukira bwanji poyerekeza ndi zida zachikhalidwe.

Mtengo

Funso lovuta kwambiri ndiloti ndi chiyani chomwe chimapindulitsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito: nyali za diode kapena nyali za incandescent? Ngakhale kuti akale ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, nthawi yawo yonse yogwira ntchito imaposa moyo wautumiki wa njira yachiwiri. Ndipo ngati tiganizira chizindikiro chotero monga kupulumutsa mphamvu, nyali zachikhalidwe zilibe mwayi konse. Muzochita, komabe, zinthu sizimawonekera bwino. Chipangizo cha LED, monga mitundu ina ya nyali, chimatha kulephera kale kwambiri kuposa momwe chimakhalira moyo wautumiki (mwachitsanzo, panthawi yamagetsi kapena kusintha kwa kutentha). Kuphatikiza apo, amawala mofooka, kotero ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amayenera kugula ndikuyika zowunikira zina za LED.

Chigawo cha chilengedwe

Nyali za LED zotsimikizika zimakhala ndi mankhwala owopsa ochepa kwambiri. Iwo, monga nyali za incandescent, safuna kutaya mwapadera. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti zida zomwe zidatha ntchito ziyenera kutayidwa ndi zinyalala zina zapakhomo. Zida zowunikira zimatha kuperekedwa, mwachitsanzo, kumalo apadera osonkhanitsa.

Malangizo Posankha Bulu la LED

Kusankha nyali yabwino ya LED si ntchito yophweka. Nthawi zina, ngakhale kuchokera kwa opanga otchuka padziko lonse lapansi, pali zochitika zokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa ma pulsations kapena zotulutsa zowunikira zomwe zimaganiziridwa mochulukira kuzinthu zenizeni. Malangizo otsatirawa amachokera ku zochitika zenizeni za ogwiritsa ntchito komanso zotsatira za akatswiri odziimira okha. Nyali yabwino ya LED iyenera kukwaniritsa izi:

• ripple factor – osapitirira 30%;
• kutulutsa mitundu – index 80 ndi zina;
• kuwala kowala – kumafanana ndi mtengo wa kuwala kwa nyali ya incandescent;
• ngodya yovomerezeka yowunikira – osapitirira madigiri 50;
• ngati n’koyenera, thandizo kwa masiwichi ndi chizindikiro;
• ngati kuli kofunikira – chithandizo cha dimming.

Kuphatikiza apo, sizingakhale zosayenera kuyang’ana kwambiri mfundo zotsatirazi:

• Ikani dzanja lanu pansi pa kuwala kwa nyali. Ngati khungu lili ndi utoto wotuwa, chipangizocho chimagwiritsa ntchito ma LED okhala ndi index yotsika.
• Ngakhale muwona mawu akuti “palibe ripple” pa phukusi, izi sizikutanthauza kuti flicker kulibe. Nthawi zambiri mtengo wake uli mkati mwa 5%.
• Ngati ndi kotheka kuyatsa nyali, lozani kamera ya foni yam’manja yomwe yayatsidwa. Ngati simukuwona mikwingwirima iliyonse, chowongolera cha LED chimakhala ndi mulingo wocheperako.
• Yendetsani kasupe cholembera kutsogolo kwa nyali yoyaka. Ngati chinthucho chikuwirikiza kawiri kapena katatu, gwerolo limakhala ndi mlingo waukulu wa pulsations.
• Kuwala kwa nyali ya LED kumatha kuwonedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera za mita yowunikira pa smartphone yanu ya Android.
• Osagula chinthu chokhala ndi tsiku lotulutsa zaka 3 kapena kuposerapo. Ndi bwino kusankha njira yamakono.
• Sankhani nyali ya LED yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali (zaka 3-5).
• Chonde sungani risiti yanu kuti muthe kubweza kapena kusinthanitsa chinthucho ngati pakufunika.

Nyali za LED zimasiyana ndi nyali zachikale za incandescent muzinthu zambiri. Chofunika kwambiri mwa iwo ndi mphamvu, dispersion angle, luminous flux, mtundu kutentha ndi ripple factor. Posankha nyali ya LED, muyenera kulabadiranso kuwala ndi kutentha kwa chipangizocho, nthawi yake ya chitsimikizo, mphamvu zake, mphamvu yofanana, magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito ndi ndondomeko yowonetsera mtundu.