Mawonekedwe a kusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mababu a LED

Mitengo yamagetsi, kuphatikizapo magetsi, ndiyokwera kwambiri, kotero ogula ali ndi chidwi ndi nyali za LED. Ndipo mitengo yotsika ya nyali zachuma izi zimangowonjezera kufunika kowonjezereka. Chinthu chachikulu ndikusankha babu yoyenera kuchokera pamtundu woperekedwa – zinthuzo zimasiyana mtengo, magawo, kudalirika.

Mawonekedwe a mababu a LED

Nyali yowala-emitting diode (LED), mosiyana ndi babu wamba wamba, ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chovuta kwambiri chokhala ndi magawo khumi ndi awiri. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nyali kumadalira khalidwe ndi magawo a zotsirizirazi – momwe zidzakhalire zabwino ndi zotetezeka zidzapereka kuwala, ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji.

Monga gawo la nyali iliyonse ya LED, pali semiconductor crystal yomwe imapanga kuwala, ndipo dalaivala ndi dera lamagetsi lomwe limasintha 220 V AC ku 12 V DC.

Zinthu zazikulu za nyali ya LED ndi mawonekedwe ake:

• Plinth. Ndi iyo, nyaliyo imakulungidwa mu soketi ya nyali. Plinths nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi mkuwa wokutidwa ndi anti-corrosion nickel compound. Palinso nyali zokhala ndi mapini – zamitundu ina ya nyali ndi zosowa.
• Radiator. Ndi chithandizo chake, kutentha kumachotsedwa ku ma LED. Komanso, ntchito ya ma radiator ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kutentha kumayendetsedwa bwino. Zomwe zimapangidwira ndizosiyanasiyana – kuchokera ku pulasitiki yotsika mtengo kupita ku zoumba zodula. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi zida zophatikizika ndi aluminiyumu.
• Woyendetsa. Ntchito yake ndikukhazikitsa mphamvu yamagetsi potembenuza AC kukhala DC, komanso kupatsa mphamvu ma LED. Monga gawo la dalaivala – zambiri microcircuits , capacitors, pulse transformer. Mu nyali za bajeti, sipangakhale woyendetsa.
• Diffuser. Imeneyi ndi botolo loonekera lomwe limathandiza kuwala kufalikira mumlengalenga. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a hemisphere. Zida – pulasitiki kapena polycarbonate. Botololi limalepheretsanso chinyezi ndi fumbi kulowa mnyumbamo.
• Ma LED. Ndiwo zinthu zazikulu zogwirira ntchito mu nyali ya LED. Kuwala kumawonekera pakugwira ntchito kwa ma diode.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa nyali za LED

Nyali za LED zatsimikizira kwa nthawi yayitali kuti ndizabwino kuposa nyali zakale za incandescent. Komabe, si ogula onse asinthira ku nyali zachuma. Kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane za ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mababu a LED kudzakuthandizani kupanga chisankho.

Ubwino pa nyali za incandescent:

• Kutentha kotsika – mutha kukhudza nyali popanda kuyika pachiwopsezo, zomwe ndizofunikira makamaka kwa mabanja omwe ali ndi ana (pankhani ya nyali za tebulo);
• kusungirako – kupereka kuwala kofanana ndi nyali za incandescent, nyali za LED zimadya magetsi ndi dongosolo la kukula kochepa;
• kukhazikika – Nyali za LED zimatha nthawi 20-50 kuposa nthawi zonse;
• kukhazikika – kuwala komweko kumasungidwa, ngakhale kuwonjezereka kwamphamvu pamaneti;
• kuwala – mu nyali yokhala ndi malire a mphamvu, mutha kukhazikitsa nyali ya LED yomwe imapereka kuwala kowala kuposa maswiti a incandescent.

Ubwino pa ma luminescent anzako:

• chilengedwe – palibe mercury;
• Kuchita bwino – kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang’ono ndi kuwala kofanana;
• kuyankha mwachangu – Nyali za LED zimayaka ndi liwiro la mphezi ndi mphamvu zonse, ndipo nyali za fulorosenti zimawala kuchokera ku 20% mpaka 100% mu mphindi imodzi kutentha kwachipinda, ngakhale motalikirapo – pa kutentha kochepa;
• mawonekedwe abwino – pafupi kwambiri ndi kuwala kwachilengedwe kuposa ma fulorosenti.

Zochepa:

• mtengo wapamwamba;
• zinthu zambiri zotsika mtengo – zokhala ndi kuwala koyipa;
• kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa nyali zina zokhala ndi masiwichi ndi zizindikiro;
• kusintha kwa kuwala kumaperekedwa kokha mu zitsanzo zodula kwambiri.

Mitundu yake ndi yotani?

Opanga amapereka kusankha kwakukulu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyali za LED zomwe zimasiyana ndi cholinga, mitundu ya ma LED, ndi zina. Komanso, gulu la nyali LED malinga ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana.

Malinga ndi gawo la ntchito, nyali zimasiyanitsidwa:

• Kwa nyumba. Ikani botolo pa socle yokhazikika. Zoyenera nyali zilizonse.
• Kwa msewu. Zopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje odana ndi zowonongeka, khalani ndi chitetezo chokwanira.
• Za zomera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima m’nyumba maluwa, mbande. Mu sipekitiramu ma radiation – ultraviolet, imathandizira kukula kwa zomera.
• Zokongoletsa. Cholinga chawo chachikulu ndikukongoletsa ndi kukongoletsa mkati. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi ngodya yaing’ono yobalalika ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu, amapanga chitonthozo ndikuyika chipindacho.
• Zowunikira za LED. Aikidwa m’minda ndi m’mapaki. Iwo ali ndi njira ina ya kuwala ndi ngodya yobalalika.

Mtundu wa LED:

• SMD – ma LED omwe amaikidwa pa gawo lapansi, pamwamba pake pomwe lens imayikidwa. Chiwerengero cha makhiristo – 1-3 ma PC. Chojambulacho chimakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino.
• COB – makhiristo amayikidwa mwachindunji pa bolodi. Mamangidwe ake ndi olimba.

Malingana ndi kutentha kwa mtundu wa kuwala:

• ndi kuwala kwa tsiku;
• ndi kuwala kozizira;
• ndi kuwala kofunda.

Mtundu wa Plinth:

• E – chilengedwe chonse “Edison”;
• G – maziko a pini;
• R – yokhala ndi ma contacts omwe adasinthidwa.

Mu mawonekedwe a botolo (odziwika kwambiri):

• Kandulo. Nyali zotere zimakhala ndi ngodya yochepa kwambiri yobalalika ndi mphamvu yochepa. Ngati amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chandeliers, ndiye mochuluka. Komanso, nyanga za chandelier ziyenera kulunjika pansi. Njira zabwino zogwiritsira ntchito nyali zamakandulo ndi nyali zapatebulo ndi zowunikira usiku.
• Peyala. Mawonekedwe, amafanana kwambiri ndi nyali zamtundu wa incandescent. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu ma chandeliers okhala ndi nyanga zolozera pansi. Ngati nyaliyo ili ndi zitsulo zolunjika padenga, mbali ina ya chipindacho idzakhala mumthunzi.
  Ma Model okhala ndi ma LED amakhala ndi ngodya yofikira 180 °, popeza ma diode onse ali mbali imodzi ya mbale.
• Chimanga . Maonekedwe a botolo ndi ofanana ndi chimanga – ndi elongated, cylindrical, ndipo osati zazikulu kuposa maziko. Ma diode achikasu amakhala pamagawo a polyhedral, ndipo amafanana ndi tirigu pa chisononkho.
  Nyali za chimanga zimamwaza kuwala bwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyali zopingasa komanso pakuwunikira komwe kuli ndi mithunzi ya shading.

Zoyenera kusankha

Posankha nyali za incandescent, ogula amatsogoleredwa, monga lamulo, ndi gawo limodzi lokha – mphamvu, yoyesedwa mu watts. Pamene babu yamphamvu kwambiri, kuwala kwake kumawalira. Mu nyali za LED, magawo ndi mawonekedwe ochulukirapo ayenera kuganiziridwa. Powamvetsetsa, kudzakhala kotheka kusankha nyali zabwino kwambiri pamutu uliwonse.

Kusankha nyali ya LED yomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri pa zolinga zanu, chidziwitso cholembedwa m’malembo akuluakulu pa phukusi sichikwanira. Muyenera kudzidziwa bwino zaukadaulo zomwe zasindikizidwa pang’ono.

Kuwala kuyenda

Mu nthawi ya nyali za incandescent, ogula analibe chidwi ndi lingaliro la kuwala kowala. Kuwala kwa nyali kunatsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu – chiwerengero cha watts. Zinali kale ndipo tsopano zasonyezedwa mwachindunji pa botolo lagalasi ndi pamapaketi, ngati zilipo.

Chifukwa cha nyali za LED, zinali zotheka, mwa kuchepetsa kwambiri mphamvu, kuonjezera mphamvu ya zipangizo. Izi zinalola kupulumutsa magetsi ndi ndalama za ogula.

Kodi flux yowala ndi chiyani ndi mawonekedwe ake:

• dzina – Ф, lm/lm;
• imatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yowunikira yomwe nyali imapereka;
• podziwa kuwala kowala, mutha kupeza analogue ya LED kuti isinthe nyali ya incandescent – malinga ndi tebulo lamakalata;
• kutentha kwamtundu kumakhudza kuwala kowala – kumtunda kuli, kukulirakulira kwa f.

Mphamvu

Mphamvu ya nyali imayesedwa mu Watts (W), yosonyezedwa ndi chizindikiro “P” ndipo imasonyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi (ola). Nyali zodziwika kwambiri za LED ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu ya 5 mpaka 13 W – zimayenderana ndi nyali za incandescent zomwe zili ndi mphamvu ya 40-100 W.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu – ma LED ndi dalaivala. Komanso, omaliza sadya mphamvu zoposa 10% – ngati ali apamwamba kwambiri.

Magetsi operekedwa ndi ma frequency

Masitolo aku Russia amapereka nyali zopangidwira 12 V kapena 220 V. M’mayiko angapo, magetsi a magetsi a 110 V amaperekedwa, ndipo nyali zopangidwira siziyenera kwa ogula athu.

Momwe mungathanirane ndi nkhawa:

• ngati pali chizindikiro cha E pamunsi, iyi ndi nyali ya 220 V;
• ngati G ndi nyali yapadziko lonse lapansi, idapangidwira 12 V ndi 220 V.

Voltage imayesedwa mu Volts (V) ndipo imatanthauzidwa ndi chilembo U. Chizindikirocho nthawi zambiri chimasonyezedwa pamapangidwe amtundu wamtundu – ndi momwe wopanga amatsimikizira kuti nyaliyo ndiyolondola komanso yotetezeka.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati zikusonyezedwa kuti voteji ntchito nyali mu osiyanasiyana 176-264 V, n’zoonekeratu kuti izo bwinobwino kupirira madontho aakulu kwambiri ndi kukwera mphamvu mu maukonde popanda kutaya kuwala. Mafupipafupi ogwiritsira ntchito nyali za LED ndi 50/60 Hz.

Mtundu wa plinth

Opanga amapereka nyali za LED ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maziko, kuyesera kukwaniritsa zosowa za ogula momwe angathere. Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa maziko ndi E27. Uwu ndi mtundu wakale womwe umagwirizana ndi maziko a nyali zanthawi zonse za incandescent.

Mitundu ya plinth:

• E14 – gawo;
• E27 – muyezo;
• E40 – nyali zamphamvu mkati ndi kunja;
• G4 – kusintha nyali za halogen ndi LED;
• GU5.3, GU10, GX53 – zowunikira komanso zowunikira pamwamba padenga, mipando;
• G13 – mtundu wa swivel tubular base wa nyali za T8.

Kutentha kokongola

Nyali zonse za incandescent zimatulutsa kuwala komweko, koma nyali za LED zimasiyana mumthunzi wa radiation. Kuwala koyera kumagawanika kukhala kuwala kosalowerera, kutentha ndi kuzizira.

Kutentha kwamtundu wa nyali za LED:

• 2700-3200K – kuwala kotentha. Imafanana ndi kuwala kwa nyali za incandescent. Imakhazikika komanso imapangitsa kuti pakhale bata.
• 3 200-4 500K – kuwala kosalowerera. Ndi pafupi kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa masana achilengedwe. Zabwino zowunikira malo ogwirira ntchito.
• Kuchokera ku 4 500K – kuwala kozizira. Amapereka kuwala koyera kwa buluu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’magawo ang’onoang’ono. Kumene kumafunika kuika maganizo ndi kuika maganizo pa ntchito imene yachitika.

Ngongole yobalalika

Chizindikiro ichi chimakhudza kufalikira kwa kuwala mumlengalenga. Zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mapangidwe a diffuser ndipo zimatengera momwe ma LED alili. Chizolowezi chimachokera ku madigiri 210.

Ngati mukufuna kuyatsa kwa ntchito yokhudzana ndi zinthu zazing’ono, tikulimbikitsidwa kugula nyali yokhala ndi ngodya yobalalika ya madigiri 120.

Mu zounikira zopangira kuunikira wamba, nyali zokhala ndi ngodya zazitali zimafunikira. Ndipo nyali za tebulo, m’malo mwake, sankhani zinthu zomwe zili ndi mfundo zochepa za chizindikiro ichi.

Zozimiririka

Dimmers ndi ma modules opangidwa kuti aziwongolera kuwala kwa kuwala kwa kuwala, ndikukulolani kuti musinthe kuwala kwa kuwala. Komabe, si madalaivala onse a nyali za LED omwe angathe kuthandizira njirayi.

Mtengo wa nyali zozimitsa za LED ndi wapamwamba kuposa wamba, popeza zida zawo zamagetsi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Nyali wamba ya LED yolumikizidwa ndi dimmer sidzawala. Kapena idzang’anima.

Ripple factor

Chifukwa cha kugunda kwa kuwala, maso amatopa ndipo thanzi limakulirakulira. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kugula ndikugwiritsa ntchito nyali zomwe zilibe ma ripples owoneka (malinga ndi SNiP, ndizovomerezeka pamlingo wa 5-20%).

Mutha kuyang’ana nyali kuti ikugwedezeke pogwiritsa ntchito foni yamakono – yang’anani kuwala komwe kumatulutsa kudzera mu kamera. Ngati pali chotupa, mikwingwirima imawonekera pachiwonetsero.

Opanga ena okha ndi omwe amawonetsa pamndandanda wazinthu zomwe Kp – chinthu cha ripple. M’malo mwake, ichi ndi chikhalidwe chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimadalira thanzi ndi moyo wamunthu.

Malangizo a pulsation factor ya nyali za LED:

• Kp ya nyali zoyendetsedwa ndi netiweki yokhala ndi magetsi okhazikika ndi 0.
• Nyali zapamwamba kwambiri za LED zimaganiziridwa, momwe Kp ndi yochepera 20%.
• Nyali zomwe madalaivala apano aikidwa amakhala ndi Kp yosapitilira 1%.

Kp ikhoza kutsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito oscilloscope. Choyamba, matalikidwe a gawo losinthika la chizindikiro pa ma LED amayezedwa, ndiyeno amagawidwa ndi voteji kuchokera ku mphamvu yamagetsi.

Ntchito kutentha osiyanasiyana

Izi ndizofunika makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito nyali panja kapena m’nyumba zopangira zopanda kutentha. Pali zitsanzo za nyali za LED zomwe zimagwira ntchito moyenera mumtundu wina wa kutentha. Kutentha kwapakati kumayambira -30 ° C mpaka +60 ° C.

M’madera ambiri a Russia, kutentha m’nyengo yozizira kumatsika kwambiri -30 ° C, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mumsewu ndi malo osatenthedwa m’pofunika kusankha nyali za LED zomwe zimapangidwira kutentha kochepa.

Nyali za LED ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala m’zipinda zotentha kwambiri, komanso pafupi ndi magwero otentha – muzipinda za nthunzi, saunas, ndi zina zotero.

Mtundu woperekera index

Chizindikiro ichi chimatchedwa CRI kapena Ra ndipo chimakupatsani mwayi wowunika mawonekedwe amtundu wachilengedwe wa zinthu mu kuwala kopangidwa ndi nyali za LED. Mlozera wovomerezeka ndi Ra≥70.

Chitetezo cha chinyezi ndi fumbi

Makhalidwewa akufotokozedwa ndi zilembo za alphanumeric – IPXX. Kumene XX ndi nambala ziwiri zosonyeza kuchuluka kwa chitetezo cha nyali. Izi sizimatchulidwa nthawi zonse, makamaka ngati nyaliyo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m’nyumba.

Zogulitsa moyo

Nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi yosadziwika bwino, chifukwa, yotchulidwa ndi wopanga, imakhudza ma LED, osati nyali yonse. Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito nyali za LED zimadalira mtundu wa soldering wa zinthu, momwe mlanduwo umasonkhanitsira bwino.

Opanga, chifukwa cha moyo wautali wa nyali za LED, samayesa mayeso athunthu kuti afufuze kuwonongeka kwa ma LED. Maola omwe amati ndi 30,000 kapena kupitilira apo, iyi ndi nthano chabe, osati manambala enieni.

Mtundu wa botolo

Mawonekedwe a botolo kwa ogula ambiri siwofunika kwambiri, koma m’makhalidwe omwe nthawi zambiri amasonyezedwa m’mizere yoyamba. Monga lamulo, mtundu wa babu umafotokozedwa mu code alphanumeric.

Maonekedwe a mababu a nyali za LED ndi mayina awo akuwonetsedwa patebulo ili pansipa:

Kulemera ndi miyeso

Kulemera kwa nyali ya LED sikumakhala kosangalatsa kwa ogula, koma chizindikiro ichi chingakhale chothandiza pankhani ya nyali yopepuka.

Wopanga aliyense amapanga nyali zotere za LED momwe angafunire. Nyali zopangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana zimatha kusiyana kwambiri ndi maonekedwe, kulemera kwake ndi kukula kwake. Mwachitsanzo, nyali za 10 W zochokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana zingakhale ndi kusiyana kwa kutalika ndi m’lifupi kuposa 1 cm.

Kodi magetsi a LED amawala bwanji?

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nyali ya LED kumachokera ku zochitika zakuthupi zomwe zimachitika mu semiconductors.

Momwe nyali ya LED imagwirira ntchito:

• Kuwala kumachitika chifukwa cha njira yamagetsi yamagetsi kudzera pamalo olumikizana ndi ma semiconductors okhala ndi madulidwe osiyanasiyana – n ndi p. Imodzi imayang’aniridwa ndi ma electron (n, ndi mtengo woipa), pamene ina imayendetsedwa ndi ayoni (p, ndi mtengo wabwino).
• Zida za semiconductor zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimalola kuti magetsi aziyenda mbali imodzi yokha. Pamene ma particles operekedwa amadutsa malire a semiconductors, kuyanjananso kumachitika – kusintha kwa ma elekitironi kupita kumlingo wosiyana wa mphamvu. Zotsatira zake, pamakhala kuwala kowoneka ndi maso.
• Panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi kutuluka kwa kuwala, kutentha kumatulutsidwa, komwe kumachotsedwa ku ma LED pogwiritsa ntchito radiator.

Mulingo wa mababu abwino kwambiri a LED

Posankha nyali za LED, ndizomveka kumvetsera osati makhalidwe awo okha, komanso kwa opanga. Pakati pa makampani ambiri omwe amapanga nyali za LED, pali atsogoleri omwe katundu wawo akufunikira kwambiri, ndipo khalidwe lawo silikukayikira.

Philips

Kampaniyo imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo waposachedwa, ndipo nyali zake ndi zotetezeka kwa maso – izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mayeso a labotale. Mu mzere – chitsanzo chomwe, mwa kukanikiza batani, mukhoza kusintha kutentha kwa kuwala. Kampaniyo imapanganso zitsanzo zapamwamba za bajeti – Zofunika.

Kuipa kwa mankhwala a Philips kumaphatikizapo mtengo wapamwamba wa zitsanzo zambiri, komanso mbali yopapatiza yobalalika ya nyali zotsika mtengo.

Osram

Kampani yaku Germany iyi ndi imodzi mwamakampani opanga zowunikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Imayimira mitundu yayikulu ya nyali za LED pazinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso zolinga. Nyali zonse zimadziwika ndi ntchito zabwino komanso zachuma.

Choyipa chake ndi mtengo wokwera komanso kusowa kwa maziko amitundu “yanzeru” (yopangidwira kulumikizana mwachindunji). Pomwe ku Philips, mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya SmartSwitch ili ndi plinth wamba.

Gauss

Nyali za wopanga izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi moyo wautali wautumiki. Akuti mankhwala ake amatha maola 50,000 – nyali zitha kugwira ntchito kwa zaka pafupifupi 35. Chitsimikizo – 3-7 zaka. Kwenikweni, kampaniyo imapanga nyali zowala (kuchokera ku 900 lm) zokhala ndi mtundu woyera wosalowerera.

Feron

Wopangayo anathetsa vuto limodzi lofunika kwambiri la LED-elements – kutentha panthawi ya ntchito, chifukwa cha mapangidwe apadera a radiator. Nyali zochokera ku Feron pafupifupi siziwotcha zikamayaka. Kampaniyo imapereka zinthu zambiri – ili ndi nyali zamkati kapena njira zaumisiri.

Nyali za feron zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino amtundu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Koma palinso kuipa – kudalirika opanda ungwiro ndi chiopsezo chogula ukwati.

camelion

Kuphatikizidwa mu TOP padziko lonse lapansi opanga nyali. Zogulitsa ndi zapamwamba kwambiri, zosiyanasiyana komanso njira zambiri zachilendo. Nyali za Camelion zimatha kwa nthawi yayitali, zimapatsa kuwala kowala, kopanda kuwala komanso kuwononga mphamvu zochepa.

Momwe mungasinthire ku nyali za LED?

Chikhumbo chopulumutsa sichiyenera kupambana kuwerengera kozizira. Osathamangira kusitolo ndikugula nyali za LED kuti musinthe mababu onse a incandescent mnyumba mwanu nthawi imodzi.

Mukasinthira kuyatsa kwa LED, tsatirani mfundo izi:

1. Sinthani poyamba nyali zamphamvu kwambiri – kuchokera ku 60 Watts. Kusungirako kuchokera m’malo mwa nyali zotsika mphamvu ndizochepa ndipo mtengo wa ma analogue a LED sungathe kulipira.
2. Sinthani nyali mu nyali zomwe zimayaka nthawi zambiri masana – muholo, nazale, ofesi. Palibe zomveka kusintha nyali zomwe sizimayatsidwa – m’nyumba zosinthira, zipinda zothandizira, ndi zina zambiri.
3. Osagula mababu ambiri a kampani imodzi nthawi imodzi. Tengani 1-2 kuyesa. Yang’anirani kuchuluka kwake ndikusankha zochita.

Opanga nyali za LED sayima – msika wazogulitsa zawo ukukula ndikuwongolera. Pokhala ndi chidwi ndi mawonekedwe a nyali za LED, mawonekedwe awo ndi kuthekera kwawo, simungangopulumutsa pakugwiritsa ntchito magetsi, komanso kuthetsa vuto la kuyatsa malo okhalamo komanso osakhalamo, mabwalo ndi minda.