Momwe mungapangire chingwe cha LED kunyumba?

Ndikosavuta kupanga mzere wa LED ndi manja anu, poganizira zomwe mumakonda. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani zofunikira ndi zida, ndiyeno tsatirani malangizo a sitepe ndi sitepe popanga ndi kulumikiza mankhwalawo.

Zofunikira ndi zida

Kuti mupange mzere wanu wa LED, mudzafunika zida ndi zida zoyenera. Zitha kusiyanasiyana ngati zinthu zilizonse zikusowa kapena kutengera zomwe mumakonda. Panthawi yopangira zinthu, zinthu zotsatirazi zidzafunika:

• Zovala za textolite kapena getinaks . Foil textolite (mzere wosinthika wokutidwa ndi sputtering yamkuwa) imathandizira kwambiri pantchitoyo. Ngati tchipisi ta LED (ma SMD LED) amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti akhoza kugulitsidwa mwachindunji ku textolite ya zojambulazo, zomwe zingathandize kuchotsa mabowo obowola ndikuwonjezera mawaya owonjezera.
• Diodes . Ndikwabwino kuti magetsi opangira ma LED azikhala osakwana 3 volts. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma diode ozungulira okhala ndi miyendo kapena ngati tchipisi molingana ndiukadaulo wopanga. Mwachitsanzo, zozungulira LEDs – woyera mandala 3014UWC, 5AW4QC, 10003UWC, ARL2-3214UWC (wopanga ARLIGHT); Ma diode a SMD – BL-LS3014A0S1UW2C (opangidwa ndi Betlux Electronics), KA-3528PWC-A (yopangidwa ndi Kingbright). Chiwerengero chonse cha ma diode chimakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi (12, 24 V) ndi kusankha kowala. Tepi yamitundu yambiri ya RGB imafuna ma diode amitundu itatu (yofiira, yabuluu, yobiriwira), ndipo mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma diode a SMD, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma RGB amitundu itatu.
• Kukaniza (resistors) . Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa zomwe zikuyenda kudzera mu ma LED. Kukana kofunikira kumawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Ohm (R = U / I). Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo, mukhoza kulingalira kuwerengera kwa kukana kwa resistor pamene ma diode atatu a 3 V ndi 20 mA agwirizanitsidwa mndandanda kuchokera ku gwero lamakono la 12 V. Pankhaniyi, ndi mphamvu yonse ya 9 V, malire. wa 3 V ndi wofunikira, kuwerengera kukana kofunikira kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chilinganizo: 3 V yogawidwa ndi 20 mA (0.02 A). Zotsatira zake, 150 ohm resistor ikufunika.
• Mawaya okhala ndi gawo lililonse la mtanda, koma makamaka osaposa 0,35 lalikulu mita. mm . Kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya okhuthala komanso olimba sikukhala kosavuta kugwira nawo ntchito.
• Kutentha kumachepetsa chubu . Imapangitsa tepi kukhala yokongola kwambiri komanso imagwira ntchito zoteteza.
• Zovala zopangidwa ndi mabotolo apulasitiki kapena zinthu zofanana . Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha mtundu wopangidwa ndi ma diode.
• Chosindikizira kapena chophatikiza (resin) . Gwiritsani ntchito ngati mukufuna kusindikiza chosindikizira kuti chikhale choyera kuti chisamalire chinyezi.

Popanga chingwe cha LED, mudzafunika zida zotsatirazi:

• chitsulo chosungunuka ndi rosin ndi solder;
• kubowola kapena wodula (podula zingwe za getinax kapena textolite), mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito lumo wamba;
• screwdriver kapena kubowola ndi kubowola woonda, koma mutha kuwasintha ndi awl wamba;
• kumanga chowumitsira tsitsi kapena chopepuka chokhazikika kuti mutenthetse chubu chochepetsa kutentha.

Kupanga mizere ya LED

Ndizovuta kwambiri kukopera molondola mzere wa LED wopangidwa ndi fakitale. Ili ndi bolodi losindikizidwa lokhala ndi maziko osinthika, pomwe ma diode okhala ndi SMD resistors amayikidwa. Mu msonkhano wapakhomo, mmalo mwa zipangizozi, mungagwiritse ntchito mzere wa textolite ndi ma LED osavuta. Muyenera kuchita izi:

1. Jambulani lingaliro.
2. Malinga ndi ma voliyumu ovoteledwa komanso ma LED apano, alumikizitseni motsatizana m’magulu omwe ali ndi choletsa choletsa.
3. Kwa kusinthasintha kwa tepi, ndikofunikira kuyika textolite padera mu zigawo. Muyenera kusiya wosanjikiza pamwamba ndi zokutira zamkuwa.
4. Dulani mzere wokulirapo wa 6mm kuti zikhale zosavuta kukonza tchipisi ta LED ndikutsekereza zingwezo.
5. Pogwiritsa ntchito wolamulira ndi pensulo, pangani zizindikiro mu magawo awiri ofanana a 3 mm.
6. Ndi chodulira kapena kubowola, dulani mzerewo motsatira mzerewo mpaka kuzama kwa wosanjikiza wamkuwa muutali wonse. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kutalika ndi m’lifupi mwazitsulo, zokwanira kuti zigwirizane ndi zinthu zonse za dera pa iwo.
7. Pamaso soldering mbali ziwiri, m`pofunika kuphimba Mzere ndi flux.
8. Ndi chitsulo chosungunula, muyenera kuphimba magawo awiri ndi solder, koma musalole kuti solder iyendere ku mzere woyandikana nawo. Pamayendedwe awiriwa, tchipisi ta LED tiyimitsidwa.
9. Solder tchipisi ta diode ndi chitsulo chowotchera motsatira njira iliyonse. Gwirizanitsani ma diode motsatana pamtunda wofanana kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mukamapanga mzere wa RGB, sinthani mitundu ya ma diode pomwe ikukonzedwa.
10. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha 3-12 V LED, zoletsa zoletsa ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ayenera kukhala m’mbali, pakati pa ma diode, kapena kumbuyo kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri.
11. Solder mizere kuti mugwirizane ndi mzere wa diode.
12. Mawaya a Solder.
13. Kuti chipangizochi chiwoneke chokongola kwambiri, ikani matepi a diode mu chubu chochepetsera kutentha chowonekera pamodzi ndi kachidutswa kakang’ono ka botolo (pezani kumbuyo).
14. Kutenthetsa kutentha shrink chubu ndi chowumitsira tsitsi kukokera mbali zonse pamodzi.
15. Ngati mukufuna kupanga kapangidwe ka aquarium, ndiye kuti iyenera kusindikizidwa kumapeto kwake ndi silicone sealant, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zisalowe madzi.

Onerani kanema wophunzitsira pakupanga mzere wa LED wa DIY: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0_pw67W60U

Kuyika ndi kulumikizana

Kulumikiza chingwe cha LED ndi njira yosavuta. Ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito ya chipangizo chopangidwa cha 12 V, mudzafunika
magetsi omwe amasintha 220 Volt zosinthika potuluka. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikulemekeza polarity. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito magetsi okhazikika, muyenera kuyatsa gawo ndi zero kuchokera pamalowo, ndipo pazotulutsa – waya wofiira “+”, buluu “-“. Ngati mukufuna kuwongolera mulingo wamtundu, dimmer imalumikizidwa pakati pa mzere ndi gwero lamagetsi (kuwonera polarity). Kukonzekera komalizidwa kumakhazikitsidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana:

• kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki;
• kapangidwe ka chubu chochepetsera kutentha kumamatira ndi tepi ya mbali ziwiri;
• cholembera chotayira cha textolite chimamangiriridwa ku zomangira zodziwombera kapena zomangira kudzera pamabowo obowoledwa kale;
• pogwiritsa ntchito silicone sealant kapena misomali yamadzimadzi.

Ngati machubu ochepetsa kutentha sagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza tepi, chosindikizira chosalowerera ndale chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mbiri yapadera ya aluminiyamu, yomwe imayikidwa ndi zomangira pakhoma, ndipo tepiyo idalumikizidwa kale.
Mbiri ya mizere ya LEDamathandizidwa ndi pulasitiki yotulutsa pulasitiki yomwe imabisala ma diode ndipo imathandizira kupanga kuwala kofananirako. Opanga amayika mafani mkati mwamagetsi amphamvu, omwe amatha kukhala magwero a phokoso ndipo angasokoneze kwambiri. Zikatero, magetsi amachotsedwa kuchipinda china komwe sichidzabweretsa zovuta. Onani malangizo atsatanetsatane olumikizira ndi kuyika chingwe cha LED ndi manja anu: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKWm6RBg6wM Mzere wa LED wodzipangira wokha ukhoza kukhala m’malo mwathunthu wazomaliza, komanso zina. zinthu zikhale bwino kwambiri. Mukayika chingwe cha LED, njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kutsatiridwa ndipo kuthekera kwapang’onopang’ono kapena kotheratu kuyenera kudziwikiratu.