Kodi zowunikira zowunikira za LED ndi ziti?

Liniya nyali za LED zimakupatsani mwayi wowunikira munyumba kapena ofesi malinga ndi zofunikira zamakono. Zosintha zachuma komanso zosunthika zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunikira wamba kapena zowunikira kwanuko.

Kodi zowunikira zowunikira za LED ndi ziti?

Nyali izi zikuyimira gulu la nyali za LED, zomwe masiku ano zatsala pang’ono kusintha mababu a incandescent kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo zatulutsa omwe akupikisana nawo – nyali za fulorosenti. Mbali yawo ndi mapangidwe okhwima omwe amakulolani kuti mugwirizane ndi mkati mwamtundu uliwonse. Ma Linear LED zounikira ndi nyali zazitali zazitali imodzi. Iwo ali ndi thupi lalitali ngati mawonekedwe a parallelepiped. Chipangizo chosavutachi chapeza kale ntchito zambiri pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku komanso kupanga. Ndi chithandizo chawo, nyumba, malo, malo ogwira ntchito m’maofesi, makabati, makhitchini amawunikira.
Mizere ya LED ikufunika kwambiri mu:

• mabungwe a maphunziro;
• malaibulale;
• malo odyera;
• malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi;
• magalaja;
• mahotela;
• masitolo ndi malo ogulitsa;
• maiwe.

Zowunikira zowunikira zimasiyana wina ndi mnzake pamapangidwe ndi magawo ena. Kusankha zitsanzo zoyenera, amakonza njira zosiyanasiyana zowunikira – amawunikira chipinda chonse, chigawo chosiyana ndi chinthu china chamkati.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwake

Linear LED nyali ndi luso mu dongosolo kuyatsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kofala kumakhala kochepa mwina chifukwa cha kusazindikira kwa ogula za mapindu ochulukirapo a nyali zotere.
Zabwino:

• Kusinthasintha. Oyenera kukhazikitsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi malingaliro.
• Kuwala kopanda mthunzi. Chida chilichonse chowunikira, kuphatikiza ma chandeliers, chimapanga malo owala. Zitsanzo zofananira zimawunikira chipindacho mofanana popanda kusiya mithunzi.
• Chitetezo. Lilibe zinthu zapoizoni (mercury). Zotetezeka kwa anthu komanso chilengedwe. Amaloledwa kutayidwa pamodzi ndi zinyalala wamba.
• Modularity. Nyali zambiri zimapangidwa ngati ma modules. Amasonkhanitsidwa mwanjira inayake, kukwaniritsa mawu ofunikira owunikira.
• Kuunikira kwabwino. Ndizosiyana komanso zosiyana, zotetezeka momwe zingathere kwa diso laumunthu ndi dongosolo lamanjenje. Simatentha kapena kunjenjemera.
• Kudalirika . Nyumba ndi zina zonse zomangika zimagonjetsedwa ndi kugwedezeka.
• Kuphatikizidwa bwino. Palibe nthawi yomwe idawonongeka pakuyatsa. Nyaliyo imawunikira nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yomweyo imafika pakuwala kokhazikika.
• Kutalika kwa ntchito. Ndi dongosolo la kukula kwautali kuposa moyo wa nyali za incandescent. Kuyerekeza moyo wautumiki ndi zaka 12 kapena maola 50,000-100,000 (kutengera wopanga).
• Kusunga. Zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, zomwe zimasunga ndalama zamagetsi. Linear LED-luminaires kuchepetsa kumwa kwake ndi 80-90% poyerekeza ndi nyali wamba incandescent.
• Kuwona bwino kwa zinthu. Zimatheka chifukwa cha kutulutsa bwino kwamitundu komanso kuwala kwakukulu (120 Lm/W).
• Kutentha kochepa c. Mizere ya LED imatulutsa kutentha pang’ono, komwe kumawathandiza kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi denga ndi denga lotambasula.
• Kusankha kutentha kwa kuyatsa. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha kuchokera kuzinthu zitatu – kutentha, kusalowerera ndale komanso kuwala kozizira.

Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a thupi, zowunikira zowunikira zimalimbana ndi zinthu zonse zoyipa – kutentha kwambiri, chinyezi, kupsinjika kwamakina.

Mizere ya LED safuna ma adapter, amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi netiweki ya 220 V.

Kuipa kwa nyali ya liniya:

• Ikhoza kulephera chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa magetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi yomangidwira sikupulumutsa chipangizocho pakakwera kwambiri. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito midadada yowonjezera chitetezo.
• Mphamvu ikalephera, muyenera kusintha chipangizo chonsecho, chifukwa ndi njira imodzi yodzaza ndi zamagetsi.
• Imafunika kutentha. Gawo laling’ono lomwe ma LED amamangiriridwa ndi udindo wake. Ngati zomangira zathyoka, zibowo zimatha kupanga zomwe zimalepheretsa kutentha kwanthawi zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipangizocho chiwonongeke.

Kupanga

Chingwe chowunikira cha LED, monga zida zina zowunikira, chimakhala ndi zigawo zinayi zazikulu – chinthu chotulutsa kuwala, magetsi ndi njira yozizirira, yoyikidwa m’nyumba.

chinthu chotulutsa kuwala

Gwero la kuwala ndi ma LED owala kwambiri. Mu chipangizo chimodzi, chiwerengero chawo chimafika makumi a zidutswa. Mphamvu ya kuwala kwa kuwala ndi kukula kwa nyali kumadalira kuchuluka kwa ma diode omwe amaikidwa pa module. Kukula kwa LED kumachokera ku tizigawo ta millimeter mpaka ma centimita angapo. Amaphatikizidwa ndi mizere yamakona anayi – ma module. M’malo mwa ma diode, ma micro-matrices angagwiritsidwe ntchito, omwe amaphatikizapo ma LED ambiri opanda mawonekedwe – makumi ngakhale mazana. Kugwiritsa ntchito matrices kumatha kukulitsa kuwala kowala popanda kuwonjezera kukula kwa nyali. Matrix, omwe ali ndi ma mini-diode pafupifupi zana, okhala ndi miyeso ya LED wamba, amapitilira mphamvu kangapo.

Magetsi

Node iyi imatchedwanso driver. Ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chovuta kwambiri ndipo chimapereka gawo la LED ndi mulingo wofunikira wamagetsi. Ma LED ndi zinthu zodziwikiratu komanso zosatetezeka za semiconductor. Kudumpha kwakung’ono mumaneti ndikokwanira kuti alephere. Ndi ntchito ziti zomwe dalaivala wa LED amathetsa:

• Amachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi (220 V) mpaka mtengo wofunikira ndi matrix.
• Atembenuza AC voltage kukhala DC. Zinthu zonse za diode, zomwe zimagwira ntchito mosinthasintha, zimangoyendetsa chizindikirocho ndi theka. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito imeneyi si yoyenera, imayenera kulimbitsa ma diode ndi panopa.
• Imakhazikika pamlingo wofunikira pa matrix ena.
• Imalepheretsa phokoso lamphamvu komanso mawotchi othamanga kwambiri omwe amapezeka pa intaneti.

Njira yozizira

Pali lingaliro lakuti magwero a kuwala omwe amagwira ntchito pazinthu za semiconductor satenthetsa. Koma ngati muika dzanja lanu pa thupi la nyali, lomwe lagwira ntchito kwa mphindi zingapo, mudzawona kuti pali kutentha. Kuti muchotse kutentha mu zida za LED, ma radiator amayikidwa. Zinthu zopangira kutentha zimakhala ndi nthiti ndipo zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala kunja kwa chida. Ma module okhala ndi diode amayikidwa pa ma radiator. Ngati mlanduwo wapangidwa ndi chitsulo, radiator nthawi zambiri sichimayikidwa, chifukwa casing yokha imagwira ntchito yake.

Sungani kunja kwa nyali za LED kukhala zoyera powapukuta kamodzi pamwezi. Kupanda kutero, fumbi la fumbi limasokoneza kuziziritsa kwa ma LED, ndipo amatha kuyaka.

Chimango

Mphamvu yamakina a chipangizocho komanso nthawi yomwe imagwira ntchito zimadalira mtundu wa chinthu ichi. Thupi liri ndi magawo awiri – galasi la casing ndi diffuser. Kwa zida zokhazikika, thupi limabisika, kotero palibe zofunikira zapadera kwa izo. Pazinthu zapamwamba, thupi liyenera kufanana ndi mkati mwa chipindacho. Galasi – yoyera kapena yowonekera, polycarbonate kapena plain. Chophimbacho chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena pulasitiki. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi aluminiyumu, imachotsa kutentha bwino, kuteteza module kuti isatenthedwe. Zovala zapulasitiki zimakhala ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana. Ndikoyenera kumvetsera mfundo zotsatirazi:

• pasakhale kusewera (malo aulere pakati pa magawo);
• kukhalapo kwa mabowo muyeso yoyenera.

Kodi zounikira zamtundu wa LED ndi ziti?

Zounikira zonse zama mzere zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika okhazikika ndipo zimawala molingana utali wonse. Mbali yomwe kutuluka kwake kumasokonekera kumadalira mawonekedwe apangidwe ndipo ndi madigiri 100-180. Malinga ndi njira yotsatsira, nyali zimasiyanitsidwa:

• Pakona. Zitsanzozi zimayikidwa mu niches, ngodya za zipinda, pansi pa matebulo am’mphepete mwa bedi kapena mashelufu. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukongoletsa mkati. Iwo zowoneka mozungulira ngodya ndi kukulitsa danga.
• Zophatikizidwa. Nthawi zambiri amamangidwa padenga kapena makoma. Galasi yotulutsa kuwala imakhalabe yowonekera ndi maso. Luminaire kwenikweni sigwiritsa ntchito voliyumu yaulere ya malowo, chifukwa imakhazikikanso pamwamba. Sizingatheke kuyika chipangizocho muzinthu zonse. Mwachitsanzo, zimakhala zovuta kuziyika mu konkriti pansi.
• Pamwamba. Nyali zotere zimawoneka bwino. Amamangiriridwa pamakoma, denga kapena malo ena aliwonse. Ubwino wa zitsanzozi ndikuti ndizosavuta kuziyika.
• Kuyimitsidwa. Amayikidwa pazoyimitsidwa, kutalika kwake kumakhala kosiyana. Chifukwa cha mfundo iyi yokhazikitsira, ndizotheka osati kukonza zowunikira zapamwamba, poganizira magawo a chipindacho, komanso kuwonjezera tsatanetsatane wosangalatsa mkati.

Kutengera malo omwe amamangiriridwa, zitsanzo zimasiyanitsidwa:

• denga;
• kutsogolo;
• khoma.

Pali zitsanzo zomwe kukula kwa kuyatsa kumasintha ndi switch.

Kuyika ndi kulumikizana kwa zowunikira zowunikira za LED

Zounikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito padenga lotambasula kapena loyimitsidwa zimayikidwa m’mabokosi okonzekeratu omwe samatuluka kupyola mapangidwewo. Kuyika uku kumapereka mphamvu ya kuyatsa kosiyana. M’khitchini, nyali nthawi zambiri zimapachikidwa pa unyolo kapena zotengera. Yankho ili limapanga zotsatira za kupepuka, zomwe zimawoneka bwino m’kati mwaukadaulo wapamwamba komanso wa minimalist. Kuti muyike nyali mudzafunika:

• screwdrivers awiri – lathyathyathya ndi mtanda woboola pakati;
• chida chochotsa insulation;
• pliers.

Luminaire ya mzere imalumikizidwa ngati nyali yozungulira ya LED. Kuyiyika:

1. Yalani mawaya amoyo. Onetsetsani kuti muyang’ane ubwino wa kutchinjiriza kwake.
2. Ikani chipangizocho molingana ndi mtundu wake. Onetsetsani kuti nyaliyo yakhazikika bwino.

Chithunzi cholumikizira chowunikira cha LED:
Kanema pakuyika zounikira zowunikira za LED zili pansipa: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inZ9d5D3U1o&feature=emb_logo

Malamulo oyendetsera ntchito

Ma Linear LED luminaires amaonedwa ngati zida zodalirika, koma kuti azigwira ntchito mosalakwitsa, zikhazikitseni moyenera, ndikutsata malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito. Kuyika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito:

• Kukwera ndi kugwetsa kumachitika ndi mphamvu ya mains kuzimitsa.
• Zida za Linear LED zimalumikizidwa ndi magetsi apamwamba kwambiri popanda madontho adzidzidzi komanso mafunde amagetsi. Ma module a LED akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwirizane ndi 220 V kudzera pa ma adapter network omwe ali ndi chitetezo chokhazikika.
• Nthawi zonse fufuzani kugwirizana kwa magetsi ndi kukhulupirika kwa mawaya. Chowunikiracho sichiyenera kuyatsidwa ngati chawonongeka.
• Ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zowunikira zomwe zimakhala ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina ku casing kapena galasi loteteza. Pamaso unsembe, fufuzani kukhulupirika kwa nyumba.

Momwe mungasankhire nyali ya LED?

Posankha zowunikira zowunikira za LED, zitsogolereni ndi mawonekedwe awo aukadaulo. Magawo a zida za LED amasiyana kwambiri ndi nyali za incandescent, kotero sizimveka bwino kwa wogwiritsa ntchito wosaphunzitsidwa.

Wopanga

Masiku ano pogulitsa mungapeze nyali kuchokera kwa opanga apakhomo, aku China ndi akumadzulo. Zotsirizirazi ndizokwera mtengo, koma zimalonjeza zabwino kwambiri. Pogula chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri monga nyali za LED, ndizothandiza kuti muyambe kudziwana ndi kampani yopanga zinthu.

Voteji

Mphamvu zamagetsi nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa ngati mtundu womwe wopanga amatsimikizira kuti chipangizocho chikugwira ntchito mosadodometsedwa. Ngati chipangizocho chimati “kuchokera ku 176 mpaka 264 V”, zikutanthauza kuti chimagwirizana ndi pafupifupi madontho aliwonse pamene chikugwirizana ndi intaneti ya 220 V, ndipo nthawi yomweyo sichitaya kuwala. Kuchuluka kwa ma voltages olowera kumachitika chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa dalaivala. Nyali za LED zitha kuyendetsedwa ndi AC/DC 220V/12V.

Mphamvu

Mphamvu ya nyali za LED ndi zida zake ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa zida zina zowunikira. Pali tebulo lofananira pamapaketi, malinga ndi momwe wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kudziwa kuti ndi mphamvu yanji ya nyali ya incandescent ikufanana ndi nyali ya LED. Zogulitsa pali nyali zofananira ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana: 4, 6, 8, 16, 18, etc. Mwachitsanzo, nyali ya 8 W LED imagwirizana ndi nyali yachizolowezi ya 60 W.

Kutentha kokongola

Chizindikirochi chimatchedwanso mtundu wa kuwala ndikusankha mthunzi wa backlight. Kutentha kwamtundu kumayesedwa mu madigiri Kelvin. Zimafanana ndi mtundu wachitsulo wotenthedwa ndi kutentha kwina. Mtengowo ukakhala wapamwamba kwambiri, ndiye kuti kuwalako kumakhalanso kowala. Kwa maofesi ndi malo a anthu, nyali zokhala ndi kutentha kwamtundu wapamwamba zimasankhidwa – kuchokera ku 4,500 K. Amathandizira kulimbikitsa chidwi cha munthu, maganizo ake pa ntchito. Kwa malo okhala, zitsanzo zotsika mtengo zimatengedwa – pafupifupi 3,600 K. Amapereka utoto wofewa wachikasu.

Kuwala

Kuchuluka kwa kuwala kumene kuwala kwa nyali kumadalira kumatchedwa kuwala kowala. Chizindikirochi chimayesedwa mu lumens (lm). Kusankhidwa kumachitika payekhapayekha, poyang’ana kuyerekeza ndi nyali za incandescent. Mwachitsanzo, kuwala kowala kwa 220 lm kumagwirizana ndi kuwala kwa babu wamba wa 25 W. Kuwala kwa 415 lm kumafanana ndi nyali ya incandescent ya 40 W, etc.

Mlingo wa chitetezo IP

Posankha chipangizo, ganizirani zizindikiro zaumisiri wa chipangizo china ndi mikhalidwe yomwe ikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuchuluka kwa chitetezo cha chipangizocho ku chinyezi ndi matupi akunja kumatsimikizira IP index. Ndipamwamba kwambiri, nyali yodalirika kwambiri. Poika panja ndi m’zipinda zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, amasankha mitundu yokhala ndi gawo loteteza chinyezi la IP 65 kapena 67. Zowunikira zokhala ndi IP yotsika ndizoyenera nyumba ndi nyumba, maofesi ndi mabungwe.

Cholinga

Cholinga cha mizere mizere zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mlingo wa chinyezi ndi fumbi chitetezo. Mitundu yonse yoperekedwa imagawidwa m’magulu awiri akuluakulu – amsewu ndi m’nyumba. Zoyambazo zimadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa IP. Mitundu yonse yoperekedwa idapangidwira makamaka:

• malo oyang’anira (maofesi, malo ochitira bizinesi, mabungwe ophunzirira);
• kuyatsa mumsewu;
• masitolo ndi hypermarkets;
• malo okhala.

Makulidwe

Palibe miyezo yokhudzana ndi kukula kwa zida za LED, chifukwa chake sankhani zosintha pasadakhale ndikukonzekera malo. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pakuyika zitsanzo zomangidwa.

Mtengo

Zinthu zambiri zimakhudza mtengo wa nyali – mphamvu, chiwerengero cha ma diode, wopanga (chizindikiro), mlingo wa chitetezo cha chinyezi, etc. Zitsanzo za pamsewu ndizokwera mtengo, zimawononga pafupifupi 1,100-1,800 rubles. Nyali zapakhomo ndi zaofesi ndizotsika mtengo, mungapeze zitsanzo pamtengo wa 200-300 rubles. kagawo.

Zowonongeka pafupipafupi

Nyali za LED zimaonedwa kuti ndi zida zodalirika zomwe zimapangidwira kwa zaka zambiri zogwira ntchito, koma ngati zogwirira ntchito zikuphwanyidwa, zimalephera. Zolakwa zotheka:

• Kulephera kwa oyendetsa. Osati kukonzedwa. Ndikofunikira kusintha chipangizo chonsecho.
• Wosweka woletsa malire wapano. Zimayambitsa kuthwanima kwa nyali, zomwe zimakwiyitsa maso.
• Kulephera kwa capacitor. Nyaliyo siyaka.

Ngati capacitor kapena resistor yatenthedwa mumagetsi, yesani kukonza chipangizocho. Koma choyamba, fufuzani nthawi ya chitsimikizo cha ntchito – ndizotheka kuti chipangizocho chikhoza kuperekedwa kwa utumiki. Zifukwa za kusweka:

• Zowonongeka pakupanga. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m’mapangidwe ochokera kwa opanga opanda chilolezo. Zogulitsa zodziwika bwino zimasweka, koma mocheperako.
• Kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka. Iwo samawopseza ma semiconductors okha, koma amawononga dalaivala. Kukhulupirika kwa kapangidwe kake ndi kulimba kwa ma LED ku bolodi kumatha kuphwanyidwa.
• Dalaivala kutenthedwa. Zimachitika pakapanda mpweya wabwino kwambiri kapena chifukwa cha fumbi lomwe limasokoneza kuchotsa kutentha.

Opanga otchuka

Kuti musalakwitse ndi kusankha nyali komanso kuti musawononge ndalama, ndi bwino kuzigula kuchokera kuzinthu zoyesedwa nthawi. Pali makampani angapo pamsika waku Russia omwe adadziwika kale kuti ndi opanga odalirika.

Lucide

Mtundu waku Belgian uwu wakhala ukuwonedwa ngati mtsogoleri wamsika waku Europe kwazaka zopitilira 20. Lucide ndiwopambana makamaka pakupanga zowunikira ndipo amayang’ana kwambiri kuunikira kwamkati. Kampaniyo imapanga nyali zomwe zili zoyenera zamakono komanso zamakono zamakono.
Zogulitsa zonse za Lucide zili ndi ziphaso zaubwino komanso chitetezo cha chilengedwe. Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo nyali zamaofesi, mafakitale ndi malo okhalamo. Chogulitsacho chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake a laconic komanso kudalirika.

Nyenyezi

Iyi ndi kampani ya ku Italy yomwe yakhala ikupanga nyali kuyambira 1998. Yakhala pa msika wa Russia kuyambira 2001. Imapanga zipangizo zowunikira kwambiri zowunikira mkati. Zogulitsa zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoteteza chilengedwe.
Zowunikira za Lightstar zilipo m’mapulojekiti akuluakulu komanso ofunitsitsa kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera kuyatsa kwa mahotela atsopano, malo ochitira bizinesi ndi zina zazikulu. Mtundu wa kampaniyo umasinthidwa nthawi zonse potengera kapangidwe ndiukadaulo.

Globo

Kampani ya ku Austria Globo inakhazikitsidwa mu 1998. Nyali zake ndi zodalirika komanso zothandiza, monga anzawo a ku Germany, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zokongola komanso zokongola, monga nyali za ku Italy.
Magetsi a Globo LED kunja ndi ku Russia ndi otsika mtengo kusiyana ndi omwe akupikisana nawo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kampaniyo ili m’gulu la makampani asanu apamwamba a ku Ulaya pazida zowunikira. Popeza mwayi woperekedwa ndi zowunikira zowunikira za LED zowunikira, titha kunena kuti tsogolo ndi la zida zazifupizi. Amabweretsa mawonekedwe atsopano owunikira omwe sangathe kuzindikirika ndi mitundu ina ya nyali.