Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mayendedwe oyendetsa ndi kulumikizana kwake

Kuti musankhe dalaivala wa nyali ya LED ndipo, m’tsogolomu, muyike bwino, muyenera kudzidziwa bwino ndi zithunzi ndi magawo ofunikira. Chipangizo chosankhidwa bwino sichidzangowonjezera moyo wa mankhwalawa, komanso kukupulumutsani ndalama.

Chida cha nyali ya LED

Zitsanzo za nyali ya diode zinayamba kusintha zokhazikika. Iwo ndi okwera mtengo, koma magawo awo luso ndi apamwamba kuposa zitsanzo zakale. Kuti mumvetse momwe amagwirira ntchito, muyenera kudziwa chipangizo cha nyali ya LED.
Zili ndi zinthu 5 zomwe zimalumikizidwa nthawi imodzi:

• Plinth –  chinthu chopindika muzitsulo za chandelier kapena nyali zina. Zaperekedwa kwa:
  • ntchito zapakhomo wononga mtundu E27 ndi E14, zopangidwa mkuwa ndi nickel odana ndi dzimbiri zokutira;
  • pazosowa zina, magwero owunikira okhala ndi pini amapangidwa.
• Dalaivala  – chinthu chomwe chimakhazikika voteji yomwe ikubwera ndikusintha ma alternating pano kuti awongolere. Imaperekanso mphamvu ku LED. Zili ndi magawo atatu:
  • ma microchips;
  • pulse transformer;
  • capacitors.

• Heatsink ndi chinthu chomwe chimachotsa kutentha ndikupatsa ma LED kutentha koyenera kuti agwire ntchito. Nthawi zambiri amapanga gawo lowoneka la thupi.
• Diffuser ndi  “kapu” yowonekera yomwe imathandiza kugawa kuwala mumlengalenga. Amapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a hemisphere kuti amwaza nyale za kuwala pamtunda waukulu. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi polycarbonate kapena pulasitiki. Amaletsa fumbi ndi chinyezi kulowa mnyumba. Kuti mufewetse kuwala kwa kuwala ndikuchepetsa kukhumudwitsa kwa maso, chinthu ichi chimakutidwa ndi phosphor kuchokera mkati. Izi zimakwaniritsa kutentha kwamtundu wofanana ndi kuwala kwachilengedwe.
• Ma LED ndiye chinthu chachikulu chogwirira ntchito cha nyali, chifukwa chomwe kuwala kumawoneka. Pali 4 ukadaulo waukulu wa chip assembly:
  • Ukadaulo wa SMD ndiwofala kwambiri pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Krustalo imayikidwa pamwamba pa chipangizo chowunikira;
  • DIP – chinthu chowala chimakhala ndi 1 krustalo yamphamvu, yomwe pamwamba pake imalumikizidwa ndi lens;
  • Piranha – okondedwa a makampani magalimoto, pali kulankhula 4;
  • Ukadaulo wa COB ndiwotsogola wolumikizana ndi chipangizo cha LED, njira yotetezedwa kwambiri pakuwotcha ndi okosijeni.

Pazinthu zotsika mtengo, sipangakhale dalaivala; m’malo mwake, magetsi amaikidwa, omwe sapereka kukhazikika kwamakono kapena magetsi.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma driver oyendetsa ndi mawonekedwe awo

Opanga makamaka amatulutsa madalaivala pamagetsi ophatikizika (ICs) omwe amakupatsani mphamvu kuchokera kumagetsi otsika. Ma converter onse akuwunikira kwa LED omwe alipo pano amagawidwa kukhala:

• analengedwa pamaziko a 1÷3 transistors – yosavuta;
• ndi tchipisi ndi PWM – zovuta.

Chojambula choyimira chowongolera cha LED:
Kulumikizana ndi magetsi komanso kuchuluka kwa ma LED omwe ali mmenemo kumakhudza mphamvu yamagetsi. Kuchuluka kwapano komwe dalaivala akuyenera kupereka mwachindunji kumadalira mphamvu zonse ndi kuwala kwa ma radiation awo. Mphamvu zitha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chilinganizo: P = P (motsogolera) × n, pomwe:

• P(led) ndi kuthekera kwa chinthu chimodzi;
• n ndi chiwerengero cha zinthu za LED.

Mfundo zofunika:

• Direct ovotera panopa ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu cha LED iliyonse. Kuzichepetsa, timataya kuwala, ndikuziyerekeza, timachepetsa kwambiri moyo wautumiki.
• Magetsi operekedwa mu datasheet ku LED siwotsimikizika ndipo amangosonyeza kuti ndi ma volts angati omwe adzagwere pamzere wa pn pamene magetsi ovotera akuyenda. Tanthauzo lake liyenera kudziwidwa.
• Kuti mulumikizane ndi ma LED amphamvu kwambiri, kuziziritsa kwapamwamba ndikofunikira. Mukayika ma LED okhala ndi mphamvu yopitilira 0.5 W pa radiator, ntchito yokhazikika yanthawi yayitali idzapitilira.

Kulumikiza ma LED kwa driver:

Onetsetsani kuti mumaganizira mtundu wa ogula pamene mukuwerengera, chifukwa zimakhudza kutsika kwa magetsi.

Malinga ndi mtundu wa dalaivala, iwo amagawidwa m’magulu atatu:

• otsika khalidwe, ntchito maola 20 zikwi;
• ndi magawo avareji – mpaka maola 50,000;
• converter, wopangidwa ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zopangidwa odziwika – 70 zikwi maola ndi zambiri.

Ndi ma capacitors kuti muchepetse voteji

Capacitor C1 imateteza ku kusokoneza kwa mains, ndipo C4 imatulutsa mafunde. Pakali pano, 2 resistors – R2 ndi R3 – kuchepetsa ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuteteza ku dera lalifupi, ndi VD1 chinthu otembenuka alternating voteji. Kupereka kwapano kukayima, capacitor imatulutsidwa mothandizidwa ndi resistor R4. R2, R3 ndi R4 sagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga onse.
Zochepa:

1. Kutentha kwa diode , popeza kukhazikika kwa kupezeka kwaposachedwa sikumawonedwa. Mphamvu yamagetsi imadalira kwathunthu mphamvu yamagetsi.
2. Palibe galvanic kudzipatula , pali chiopsezo cha kugwedezeka kwa magetsi. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kukhudza zinthu zonyamula pakali pano pakutha kwa nyali, popeza zili pansi.
3. Ndizosatheka kukwaniritsa mafunde oyaka kwambiri , chifukwa izi zingafune kuwonjezeka kwa ma capacitors.

Ndi woyendetsa mopupuluma

Imateteza ku kukwera kwa mphamvu komanso kusokoneza maukonde. Chitsanzo ndi chitsanzo cha CPC9909. Kuchita bwino kumafika 98% – chizindikiro chomwe munthu angalankhule za kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kusunga.
Chipangizocho chikhoza kuyendetsedwa mwachindunji kuchokera kumagetsi apamwamba – mpaka 550 V, popeza dalaivala ali ndi stabilizer yomangidwa.

Microcircuit imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino popanga maukonde adzidzidzi ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera magetsi, chifukwa ndiyoyenera mabwalo osinthira ma boost.

Kunyumba, kutengera CPC9909, nyali zoyendetsedwa ndi batire kapena madalaivala omwe ali ndi mphamvu zosapitilira 25 V amasonkhanitsidwa nthawi zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, chipangizo cha MAX16833 chili ndi magetsi olowera 5 mpaka 65 V, pamene MAX16822 ili ndi magetsi a 6.5 mpaka 65 V. Ziphuphu zina zimakulolani kuti muyike maulendo otembenuka kuchokera ku 20 kHz mpaka 2 MHz. Madalaivala a LED a MAX16801 ndi MAX16802 amakupatsani mwayi wopanga chosinthira cha DC/DC mpaka 10A. Madalaivala ambiri osinthira a LED amakulolani kuti musankhe topology yabwino kwambiri kuti mugwire bwino ntchito.

Ndi driver wocheperako

Dimmer imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti isinthe mphamvu ya nyali. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu ndi mphamvu. Kuchuluka kwa nyali zolumikizidwa nazo kumadalira mphamvu. Kusintha kuwala kwa zowunikira kumakulolani kuti muyike mulingo wofunikira wa kuunikira m’chipindamo. Ndizomasuka:

• popanga madera osiyana;
• kuchepetsa kuwala kwa kuwala masana;
• kuwonetsa zinthu zamkati.

Iwo amagawidwa m’magulu malinga ndi mtundu wa ulamuliro:

• makina;
• kukankha-batani;
• kutali.

Mothandizidwa ndi dimmer, kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kumakhala koyenera, ndipo moyo wautumiki wa chipangizo chamagetsi ukuwonjezeka.

Pali mitundu iwiri:

• Ndi ulamuliro wa PWM. Amayikidwa pakati pa nyali ndi magetsi. Mphamvu zimaperekedwa mu mawonekedwe a ma pulses a nthawi yosiyana.
• Mawonedwe a 2. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yokhazikika komanso zimakhudza gwero lamagetsi palokha.

E14 dimmable LED nyali ndiyoyenera kumaliza makina azida. Kulimbana ndi ntchito ya gwero la kuwala. Amafunidwa kwambiri ndi ogula. 14 ndi m’mimba mwake wa maziko a nyali, owonetsedwa mu millimeters. Masiku ano, mababu awa amapezeka m’njira zosiyanasiyana:

• mpira;
• dontho;
• kandulo;
• bowa.

Chithunzi cholumikizira madalaivala cha ma LED

Pali mitundu itatu yolumikizira, tiyeni tiwone chitsanzo ndi 6 ogula. Kutayika kwawo kwamagetsi ndi 3 V, kugwiritsa ntchito pano ndi 300 mA:

• kugwirizana;
• kufanana;
• motsatizana 2.

Mitundu yayikulu ya ziwembu:

• Kutengera ndi Microchip. PT4115 ili ndi pini yosiyana yowongolera kuyatsa ndi kutulutsa ma LED. Pogwiritsa ntchito pini iyi, mutha kupeza mosavuta chowongolera cha LED. Dalaivala wocheperako amapezedwa posintha mulingo womwe ungakhalepo pa DIM pini (ntchito yoyendetsa dalaivala mosalekeza), kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha kugunda kwa ntchito yomwe mukufuna kwa iyo (pulse mode yokhala ndi stroboscopic effect). Pamapeto pake, kubwereza kwamphamvu kwambiri ndi 50 kHz.
• Kuyatsa kosalala kwa ma LED, ngati capacitor ilumikizidwa pakati pa pini ya DIM ndi pansi. Nthawi yofikira kuwala kopitilira muyeso idzadalira mphamvu ya capacitor, yokulirapo, ndiye kuti nyaliyo imayaka nthawi yayitali, motsatana.
• Ndi voteji dimmer nthawi zonse. Zimagwira ntchito chifukwa mkati mwa microcircuit pini ya DIM “imakokedwa” kupita ku basi ya 5 V kudzera pa 200 kΩ resistor. Pamene potentiometer slider ili pamalo ake apamwamba, chogawanitsa chamagetsi cha 200 + 200 kΩ chimapangidwa ndipo kuthekera kwa 5/2 = 2.5 V kumapangidwa pa pini ya DIM, yomwe ikufanana ndi 100% kuwala.
• Popanda kudzipatula kwa galvanic . Zosavuta komanso zodalirika. Wogawanitsa amachokera ku capacitance. Electrolytic capacitor imatulutsa ma ripples pambuyo pokonzanso. L7812 ndiye stabilizer yokha.

Madalaivala adapangidwa kuti azitha kuwongolera mafunde onse omwe alipo mumagetsi. Kusankha kwawo kapena kudzipangira okha kuyenera kuyandikiridwa moyenera ndipo pokhapokha atawerengera magawo onse ofunikira. Mapulogalamu oyendetsa galimoto adzakuthandizani kusankha chipangizo choyenera ndikuchiyika bwino.