Mawonekedwe ndi kugwirizana kwa 12 volt nyali za LED

Ndi chitukuko cha uinjiniya wamagetsi, nyali yachikhalidwe ya incandescent sikhalanso njira yokhayo yowunikira kunyumba. Nyali za 12V za LED zapeza kutchuka kwakukulu pakati pa ogula. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zapamwamba komanso zodalirika, asintha zipangizo zamakono.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito nyali za LED

Nyali zotulutsa kuwala (LED) zimagwira ntchito pamagetsi a 12 V ndipo zimakhala ndi zigawo zingapo zomwe zimalumikizidwa m’nyumba imodzi.

Ganizirani zinthu zazikulu:

• Plinth. Imakulungidwa mu socket ya chandelier kapena nyali ina. Nthawi zambiri, ntchito zapakhomo amapangidwa wononga maziko a mitundu E27 ndi E14. Amapangidwa makamaka ndi mkuwa, wokhala ndi zokutira zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri za nickel.
• Woyendetsa. Chinthu chomwe chimakhazikitsa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikubwera. Imasintha AC kukhala DC kuti ipereke mphamvu ya LED.
• Radiator. Chigawo chomwe chimapanga kutentha kovomerezeka kwa ma LED. Ambiri ndi aluminiyamu ndi gulu, iwo ndithu bajeti ndi bwino kuchotsa kutentha.
• Diffuser. “Hood” yowonekera yomwe imathandiza kulekanitsa kuwala mumlengalenga. Amapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a hemisphere kuti amwaze kuwala pamtunda waukulu. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi polycarbonate kapena pulasitiki. Diffuser imalepheretsa fumbi ndi chinyezi kulowa mnyumbamo.
• Ma LED. Waukulu ntchito chigawo chimodzi cha nyali. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya diode, kuyatsa kumawonekera.

Chida cha nyali ya LED:

Njira yogwirira ntchito imachokera pazochitika zakuthupi mu semiconductors. Kuwala kumawoneka pambuyo podutsa mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera m’malire a kugwirizana kwa ma semiconductors awiri, imodzi yomwe iyenera kulamulidwa ndi ma electron omwe ali ndi magetsi olakwika, ndipo enawo ndi ma ion omwe ali ndi mphamvu zabwino.

Zotsatira zake, kuwala kumawonekera ndi maso. Kuphatikiza pa kuwala, palinso kutulutsa kutentha, komwe kumachotsedwa ku LED pogwiritsa ntchito radiator.

Kufotokozera kwa mababu a 12V LED

Pali zambiri zaukadaulo ndi magwiridwe antchito a nyali za 12 V. Mndandanda wa zikuluzikulu:

• Kutentha kokongola. Kuchita kwake kuli pakati pa 2700-6500 K. Pamene nyali ikugwira ntchito, kuwala kozizira (koyera) kapena kutentha (kwachikasu) kumakhala kofala.
• Kukhalitsa. Moyo wapakati wa zowunikira ndi maola 50,000.
• Mphamvu. Chizindikiro ichi ndi chofunikira kuwerengera kugwiritsa ntchito kwathunthu kwa kuyatsa m’chipinda kapena nyumba yonse. Pamitundu yonse ya nyali za LED, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumasiyana kuchokera pa 3 mpaka 25 watts.
• Kupezeka kwa driver. Monga lamulo, opanga amapanga nyali za LED ndi mphamvu zambiri – mwachitsanzo, 150-250 V. Choncho, zipangizo zoterezi sizowopsa kwa madontho akuluakulu a magetsi.
• Mayendedwe akuyenda kwa kuwala. LED yokha imatha kuwongolera ma radiation mbali imodzi. Ngati chipangizo chowunikira chiyenera kuwunikira zonse mozungulira mofanana, chifukwa cha izi ndikofunikira kuyika choyatsira chopangidwa ndi frosted polycarbonate kutsogolo kwa LED.
• Kutha kusintha kuwala. Kuwongolera mlingo wa kuunikira, dimmer imagwiritsidwa ntchito (chipangizo chomwe chimapanga mphamvu mwa mawonekedwe a pulses). Malingana ndi kugunda kwafupipafupi, kuwala kumayaka pang’onopang’ono kapena kuwala.

Mitundu ya nyali za LED ndi maziko ake

Mwa mapangidwe, magwero a kuwala kwa LED amagawidwa m’mitundu ingapo. Iwo ndi awa:

• zipangizo zonse – ntchito kuunikira nyumba mafakitale, ndi malo okhala;
• Nyali za LED zokhala ndi kuwala koyang’ana – zoyikidwa mu zida, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuunikira mbali za nyumba ndi mawonekedwe;
• nyali zofananira – zimakhala ndi maziko ofanana ndi a fulorosenti, omwe amakulolani kuti musinthe gwero limodzi ndi lina.

Mukalumikiza magwero a LED ku chingwe chamagetsi ndi voteji ya 220 V, amayenera kuyendetsedwa ndi magetsi, omwe amasankhidwa poganizira cholinga chazomwe zimapangidwira.

Mitundu yamagetsi:

• Osindikizidwa – amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa nyali mu bafa, sauna, ngati kuyatsa mumsewu.
• Leaky – yopangidwira kuyika m’nyumba yokhala ndi chizindikiro cha chinyezi.
• Ndi kuziziritsa kogwira – wokhala ndi fan kuti awonjezere mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kukula.
• Kuzizira kopanda phokoso – heatsink imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa kutentha.

Makhalidwe akuluakulu amagetsi:

• Mphamvu.
• zotuluka panopa.
• Mphamvu yamagetsi.

Kuti magwero owunikira a LED agwirizane ndi dongosolo lamagetsi lomwe lagwiritsidwa kale ntchito mnyumba, amakhala ndi zomangira. M’malo mwa nyali za halogen, nyali zokhala ndi mapini amapangidwa.

Mitundu yayikulu ya plinths ikuwonetsedwa patebulo:

Kutentha kokongola

Pakuwala kwa magwero a kuwala kwa LED, mwina mawonekedwe abuluu kapena ofiira okhala ndi chikasu ndiwo amatsogolera. Pachifukwa ichi, amagawidwa kukhala ozizira ndi otentha, motero.

Kutentha kwamtundu kumakhala kosiyanasiyana:

• mpaka 2800 K – kuwala kwachikasu kotentha ndi utoto wofiira;
• 3000 K – kuwala koyera kotentha ndi chikasu;
• 3500 K – kuwala koyera kwachilengedwe;
• 4000 K – ozizira oyera;
• 5000-6000 K – masana;
• 6500 K ndi kupitilira apo – masana ozizira okhala ndi utoto wonyezimira.

Mphamvu ndi magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito 

Kuwerenga magwiridwe antchito pamapaketi azinthu, ambiri amayang’ana kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi mphamvu zamagetsi.

Chizindikiro cha mphamvu ndi chofunikira powerengera kuchuluka kwa magetsi. Nyali za LED zimapangidwa ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, malinga ndi cholinga chawo. Mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pa 3 mpaka 20 watts ndi yokwanira kwa nyumba, nyali zowonjezera mphamvu, pafupifupi ma watts 25, zimafunika kuunikira msewu.

Chizindikiro china chofunikira ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito. Gwero lamakono likhoza kukhala lokhazikika kapena losinthika, koma magetsi a ma LED amafunikira nthawi zonse – 12 V. Dalaivala ali ndi udindo pa ntchito yawo, yomwe imatembenuza mu intaneti ku chizindikiro chofunikira.

Kodi magetsi a 12V LED amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti?

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamagetsi komanso kuchuluka kwa mitundu yoyambira, mababu a 12 volt a LED ali padziko lonse lapansi. Iwo angagwiritsidwe ntchito:

• kuyatsa kwapang’onopang’ono (ma LED 12 a ma volt a ma chandeliers), kuphatikiza omwe amamangidwa padenga lotambasula (zowunikira zapadenga la LED);
• kuyatsa kukongoletsa – kunja ndi mkati (zowala).

Mababu a magalimoto a LED ndi gulu losiyana, lomwe limatha kukhazikitsidwa pafupifupi pazowunikira zonse zamagalimoto. Nyali ya 12v LED imapangidwiranso ma cornices, mipando, mawindo a masitolo, akasupe, njira zamaluwa, mabedi amaluwa. Zophatikizidwa mosavuta m’mapangidwe:

• mapanelo;
• zikwangwani;
• zikwangwani.

Mphamvu yotsika-voltage imapereka zida zowonjezera chitetezo chamagetsi ndi moto, zomwe zimalola kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m’zipinda zotsatirazi:

• khitchini;
• zipinda zosambira;
• saunas;
• maiwe, kuphatikizapo kuyatsa pansi pa madzi;
• nkhokwe;
• zipinda zapansi;
• panja popanda njira zapadera zodzitetezera ndi mawaya okhala ndi kutsekemera kowonjezereka.

Chithunzi chojambula cha nyali za 12 V

Kulumikizanaku kuli kofanana ndi nyali za incandescent ndi fulorosenti – muyenera kutsitsa katiriji ndikupukuta nyaliyo. Ngati mukufuna kulumikiza magwero angapo a kuwala kwa LED, ndiye kuti pali njira ziwiri zolumikizirana: serial ndi parallel.

serial kugwirizana

Pamafunika mawaya ochepa, koma kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha izi ndi zolakwika zotsatirazi:

• bulb imodzi ikayaka, dera lonselo limalephera;
• nyali sizigwira ntchito mwamphamvu zonse, chifukwa zikalumikizidwa mndandanda, voliyumu imafotokozedwa mwachidule.

Chiwembucho ndi chophweka:

1. Tsatirani gawolo kuchokera pabokosi lolumikizirana kupita ku switch.
2. Kuchokera pakusintha, tambasulani gawolo ku nyali ya LED.
3. Lumikizani waya wosalowerera ndale kukhudzana kwachiwiri kwa nyali yotsiriza mu dera.
4. Kokani waya wagawo kuchokera ku nyali kupita kwa wina ndi mzake.

Kulumikizana kofanana

Ubwino waukulu ndikuti magetsi omwewo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mababu onse omwe ali muderali. Pakakhala kutenthedwa, gwero lowala lolephera lokha limatuluka mu dera, lomwe ndi losavuta kusintha.

Ndikofunikira kuganizira nthawi yolumikizira zinthu zonse. Nthawi zambiri, terminal block imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kumbali imodzi, gawo limaperekedwa kwa ma jumpers ake, kumbali yakumbuyo, mawaya amalumikizidwa, kutambasula kuchokera ku mababu.

Chithunzi cha Wiring:

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwake

Kuti musinthe ku zipangizo zowunikira zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi magetsi otsika kwambiri, muyenera kuphunzira ubwino ndi kuipa kwawo. Zina mwa ubwino wake ndi izi:

• Chitetezo. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nyali za LED muzitsulo za 12V kumawonjezera mlingo wa chitetezo ndikuchotsa kuthekera kwa kugwedezeka kwa magetsi.
• Chitetezo chamoto. Mawaya otsika-voltage sangakhale gwero la kuyatsa ndikuyambitsa moto.
• Kusunga. Pogwiritsira ntchito gwero la kuwala kwa chipinda, kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ndipo, motero, mtengo wa ndalama zolipirira ngongole umachepetsedwa.
• Kukonda chilengedwe. Mapangidwewo sagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe, panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chipangizocho, zimatulutsa zinthu zovulaza ku thanzi la anthu kapena nyama.
• Kudalirika. Nyali zimagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina: zokopa, chips, etc.

Kuipa kwa nyali za LED zopangidwira 12V ndi monga:

• Kufunika kwa gawo lamagetsi (PSU). Kukhalapo kwa dalaivala yemwe amakhazikika ndikutsitsa ma voliyumu a mains kuchokera ku 220 mpaka 12 V kumapangitsa ma waya, kumachepetsa kuyatsa bwino, ndipo chifukwa cha izi, ulalo wofooka wowonjezera umapezeka mudera, womwe ungalephere.
• Kuwala kowala. Mphamvu ya kuwala kowala kwa nyali yolumikizidwa ku netiweki yamagetsi otsika imakhudzidwa ndi kutsika kwamagetsi. Izi ndichifukwa chakumwa kwanthawi yayitali.

Gwero loyatsa la LED losankhidwa bwino lidzagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Tsopano choyipa chachikulu cha nyali ndi mtengo wawo wokwera, koma ndi chitukuko ndi kuwongolera kwaukadaulo, zitha kupezeka poyera kwa ogula onse.

Nyali za 12 volt za LED zitha kutchedwa njira yovomerezeka kwambiri kwa ogula. Iwo ali ndi makhalidwe onse zofunika ntchito bwino ndi kothandiza kwa nthawi yaitali. Opanga amapereka zosiyanasiyana, kulola aliyense kusankha njira yabwino kwa iwo okha.