Chifukwa chiyani nyali ya LED ikuwunikira komanso momwe mungathetsere vutoli?

Kuthwanima ndi kung’anima kwa nyali za LED sizosangalatsa m’maso, komanso zovulaza. Zifukwa za chodabwitsa choyipa chagona pamtengo wotsika wa nyali za LED komanso kutengera zinthu zakunja. Mulimonsemo, ndikofunikira kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa flicker ndikuchichotsa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kunjenjemera pamene switch yayatsidwa

Ngati nyali ya LED ikuwomba mutangoyatsa, ndiye kuti pali vuto pazithunzi za waya. Zina mwa zomwe zimayambitsa kuthwanima kwa LED ndikuyika kopanda bwino. Ngati zolumikizana ndi zozungulira sizikhazikika bwino, zovuta zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuchitika pakagwira ntchito, kuphatikiza kuthwanima.

Mukalumikiza chingwe, ganizirani polarity – molingana ndi mtundu wa mawaya. Mukayika nyali m’nyumba zakale, gwiritsani ntchito multimeter kuti mudziwe gawo ndi oyendetsa ndale. Ngati mawayawa ndi olakwika, pali mphamvu yamagetsi pang’ono pozungulira yomwe imapangitsa kuti nyaliyo izizimiririka.

Mukayatsa, nyali za LED sizimangogwedezeka, komanso zimawotcha mokwanira. Ngati nyali ya LED ikuwala pang’onopang’ono, chinthu choyamba kuchita ndikuyang’ana mulingo wamagetsi pamaneti polumikiza nyali ina kwa iyo.

Low voltage

Kuti muyese voteji mu mains, gwiritsani ntchito zida zapadera zoyezera – ma multimeter kapena voltmeters. Ngati mtengo wa 215-225 V ukuwonekera pa chizindikiro / sikelo, ndiye kuti zonse zili mu dongosolo. Kupatuka kwa 5 V sikovuta.

Ochepera 200 V kapena kupitilira 230 V amawonetsa zovuta ndi magetsi a mains ndipo amafuna yankho lachangu. Lumikizanani ndi akatswiri – muofesi yanyumba kapena bungwe lomwe likugwira ntchito yokonza ma network amagetsi. Akatswiri adzayesa ndikusintha kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka transformer pa substation.

Ngati gulu lokonzekera silingathe kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi akukwaniritsa zofunikira za PUE, m’pofunika kuphatikizirapo malire amakono kapena magetsi okhazikika m’derali.

Kusakwanira kusefera bwino

Mu nyali zotsika mtengo za ku China, ndipo nthawi zina zapakhomo, dalaivala wathunthu amamangidwa pamaziko a dera losavuta. Momwe kusefa kosakwanira kumapangitsa kuti nyali ya LED ikhale yonyezimira:

1. Dalaivala ali ndi mlatho wa diode D1-D4. Fyuluta ya capacitive yosalala C2 – Rf imalumikizidwa nayo. Mphamvu yolowera imachepetsedwa kukhala mtengo womwe umafunidwa mu gawo la resistor-capacitor (quenching resistor Rg ndi kusalaza capacitor C1).
2. The fyuluta qualitatively kumatha ripple yotsalira ya panopa rectified ndi diode mlatho, ngati maukonde ali voteji muyezo. Koma mlathowo sungathe kuwongolera phokoso lachidziwitso, lomwe limayambitsa kung’anima.
3. Pakupatuka pang’ono kwa voliyumu yolowera kuchokera pazomwe zafotokozedwa – chifukwa cha kutsetsereka kwa mawonekedwe amagetsi apano – pali kusintha kwakukulu pakali pano. Izi nthawi yomweyo zimakhudza kuwala kwa kuwala.

Mutha kukonza vutoli powonjezera fyuluta yosalala. Popeza voteji yosalekeza imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma LED, capacitor Cd imatha kulumikizidwa kudera limodzi ndi kusalaza capacitor C1.

Ngakhale mu nyali zapakati, nyali ya nyali ya LED ndi dalaivala wodzaza ndi chokhazikika chokhazikika (nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko ya pulse-width modulation scheme).

Kukhalapo kwa dimmers

Poyambirira , dimmer (chipangizo chamagetsi chomwe chimakulolani kuti musinthe mphamvu / kuwala kwa ma LED) chinapangidwa kuti chizigwira ntchito ndi nyali za incandescent. Sichikuyenda bwino ndi mitundu yambiri ya nyali za LED.

Chifukwa cha mkangano luso ndi osachepera katundu mphamvu. Dimmer imavotera pafupifupi ma watts 50, omwe ndi ochulukirapo kuposa ma LED ambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, nyali zikayatsidwa kudzera mu dimmer, flicker imawonekera, yomwe imatha kutha mphamvu ikawonjezeka. Kuzimitsa dimmer kumathandiza kuchotsa kufinya. Nthawi zina zimakhala zokwanira kuti musayike chosinthira chosinthira m’malo ovuta kwambiri, kapena mutha kusintha chipangizocho kuchokera kutsogolo kupita kumbuyo.

Nyali yoyipa

Kuthwanima kwa nyali za LED kumatha kuwoneka kapena kusawoneka ndi maso a munthu. Choyambitsa vutoli ndi kusakwanira kwa magetsi a LED, osatha kuwongolera bwino ma voliyumu a mains okonzedwa.

Kugunda kolimba kwambiri kumakhala kovulaza masomphenya ngati choterechi chikuwoneka tsiku ndi tsiku. Opanga nyali za LED amayenera kuwonetsa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira pazinthu zawo. Ku Russia, parameter iyi imayendetsedwa ndi SanPiN. Mu nyali zaku China, ndizokwera kuposa zomwe zalengezedwa.

Ndizotheka kusintha magawo aukadaulo a nyali zaku China, koma ndizovuta. Kawirikawiri muyenera kutsegula maziko awo ndikusintha capacitor yosalala kuti ikhale yowonjezereka. Chachikulu ndichakuti chimakwanira m’chipinda chapansi.

N’chifukwa chiyani nyali ya LED imawala pamene kuwala kwazimitsidwa?

Nyali za LED zimakhala ndi inertia yotsika kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, ngakhale mafunde ang’onoang’ono omwe amadutsa mu ma LED amachititsa kuti nyaliyo iziyatsa kwakanthawi kochepa, zomwe zimafanana ndi kuwala.

Zifukwa zowotchera kumtunda ndizosiyana, koma zonse zili ndi mfundo yofanana – zomwe zili mu ma LED zimaperekedwa kudzera mumayendedwe omwe sanapangidwe izi.

Mavuto a waya

Ngati nyali ikuwomba nyaliyo itazimitsidwa, fufuzani komwe gawolo likulumikizidwa kuchokera pagawo logawa: kwa olumikizana ndi ma relay kapena ma LED okha. Njira yoyamba ndiyolondola. Ngati gawo lilumikizidwa ndi nyali yomwe ingakhale yokhazikika nthawi zonse, izi zingayambitse kuthwanima.

Chizindikiro cha screwdriver chimathandizira kudziwa gawo ndi zero: kuwala kumayaka ikakhudza gawolo. Ngati mawaya alumikizidwa molondola, ndipo nyali ikuyakabe, fufuzani ngati pali voteji yomwe imapangidwa pamaneti.

Mawonekedwe a magetsi pa waya omwe amachotsedwa pamagetsi amagetsi amapezeka ngati chingwe china cholumikizidwa ndi mains chimayikidwa pafupi ndi icho. Mawaya akhoza kuikidwa pakhoma. Ngati nyali ikuyendetsedwa ndi chosinthira wamba, popanda kuunikira, mungafunikire kusintha waya.

Kulekanitsa kolakwika kwa zingwe zamagetsi

Zimachitika kuti pakuyala mawaya amagetsi apanyumba, zingwe zimayikidwa mu strobe imodzi chifukwa chachuma, pomwe malinga ndi malamulo ziyenera kuyikidwa munjira zosiyanasiyana. Momwe ma cabling olakwika amakhudzira kuwala kwa nyali:

• Chifukwa cha kusokonezedwa kwa ma elekitiromatiki pakati pa mabwalo amagetsi, ogula amphamvu akalumikizidwa, magetsi amapangidwa mu chingwe cholumikizidwa ndi gwero lamagetsi.
• Zimachitika kuti zomwe zimapangidwira ndizokwanira kulipira ma capacitors oyendetsa ndikuyatsa nyali ya LED kwakanthawi kochepa. Parasitic panopa kumawonjezera ngati katundu kusokoneza sinusoidal AC voteji. Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake nyali za LED nthawi zina zimayatsidwa nyali zikazimitsidwa.

Zomwe zafotokozedwazi ndizofanana ndi zida zapanyumba zomwe zili ndi zida zosinthira magetsi osakwanira kuphatikizika kwa mabwalo awo amkati.

Zolakwika zamalumikizidwe

Chithunzi chili m’munsichi chikuwonetsa zochitika za kuyatsa kosayenera kwa mabwalo owunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyale zizizima:

Chifukwa choyamba cha maonekedwe ake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya otsika mtengo omwe ali ndi mtundu womwewo wa kutchinjiriza, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kudziwa gawo ndi zero.

Chifukwa china cha vutoli ndi kusagwirizana ndi makonzedwe ogwirizanitsa waya wagawo ku chosinthira, chomwe chimaperekedwa kumanja kwa chithunzicho. Nthawi zambiri ngakhale akatswiri amagetsi satsatira lamuloli, chifukwa pogwiritsira ntchito nyali za incandescent, kuphwanya kwake sikumayambitsa zotsatira zoipa.

Ngati mababu a LED amagwiritsidwa ntchito powunikira , cholakwikacho chimatsogolera kuti nthawi zonse amakhala ndi gawo. Kutayikira kwa microcurrents, komwe kulipo ngakhale mu waya wabwino, ma capacitor oyendetsa amayendetsedwa pang’onopang’ono, ndipo nyali imayatsa kwakanthawi kochepa.

Kukhalapo kwa kuwala mu switch

Masiku ano, masiwichi owunikira ndi otchuka kwambiri. Ndiosavuta kuwapeza mumdima chifukwa cha kuwala kwa ma LED opangidwa mu kiyi.

Mwa kutseka chosinthira, dera lotsekedwa kosatha limapangidwa. Ngakhale mafunde ang’onoang’ono omwe amadutsa dera amatha kulipira dimmer capacitor, yomwe, ikatulutsidwa ku nyali, imayambitsa kuyatsa kwakanthawi kochepa.

Njira yosavuta yochotsera flicker ndikuyimitsa. Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, simuyenera kugula zida zowonjezera, kungosokoneza (kudula) kulumikizana pakati pa nyali yakumbuyo ndi nyali. Kuwalako kudzazimiririka, koma nyali yakumbuyo nayonso idzazimitsidwa.

Nyali zabwino

Nyali zapamwamba za LED ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amakonda kugula anzawo otsika mtengo. Choyipa chawo ndi khalidwe lotsika. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, nyalizi zimatha kuwunikira.

Chifukwa cha kuthwanima kwa nyali zotsika kwambiri ndi ma capacitor ang’onoang’ono. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu za bajeti. Capacitor imayendetsedwa kudzera m’ma diode, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti flicker iwoneke.

Kuyika chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri ndi dalaivala chomwe chimalepheretsa kuwunikira kumathandiza kukonza zinthu. Chotsatiracho sichilola kuwala kwa backlight ku nyali za LED.

Chifukwa chiyani kuphethira kwa LED kuli kowopsa?

Kuwala kwambiri kwa nyali za LED kumawononga thanzi la munthu ndipo kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa zambiri. Momwe kunjenjemera kumakhudzira thupi:

• zimayambitsa nkhawa;
• kusokoneza maganizo;
• zimayambitsa kusapeza bwino ndi kuuma m’maso;
• zimayambitsa kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa ntchito;
• amachepetsa ndende;
• kumawonjezera kutopa;
• kumayambitsa kusowa tulo.

Kodi mungapeze bwanji chomwe chayambitsa vutoli?

Yambani kufufuza chifukwa cha flicker poyang’ana gawo – ngati waya walumikizidwa molondola. Iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi imodzi mwamawu osinthira.

Mukapeza kuti magetsi akuperekedwa ku backlight, ichi ndi chifukwa chakuthwanima. Mutha kuyang’ana dera ndi screwdriver – aliyense atha kuchita izi.

Ngati vutoli likupitilira:

• kusintha kusintha kwa analogi popanda backlight;
• kuika pang’ono mphamvu kukana;
• gwiritsani ntchito nyali ya incandescent.

Ngati chiwombankhangacho chikuwonekeranso, yang’anani mawaya amtundu wowonongeka, zolumikizana ndi oxidized, zingwe zotalikirana kwambiri, ndi zina zambiri.

Ngati kugwedezeka kukuwoneka pamalo osinthira, yang’anani kukhazikika kwa voliyumu. Ngati magawo ali olondola, sinthani nyali ya LED ndi analogue yapamwamba kwambiri.

Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati nyali ya LED ikuyaka?

Vuto lakuthwanima litha kuthetsedwa m’njira zingapo. Ntchito zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa, zomwe zimatsogolera ku zovuta, ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi katswiri wamagetsi. Kuyesera kodziyimira pawokha kusintha mabwalo amagetsi kungayambitse kufupi kwafupi.

Letsani diode

Nyali zotsika mtengo sizikhala ndi zida zoziziritsa kukhosi zikazimitsidwa. Musanazimitse diode posinthira, konzani zida zingapo:

• Phillips screwdriver;
• pliers;
• odula waya;
• mita yamagetsi.

Ndondomeko ya ntchito:

1. Musanatsegule diode, tsitsani makinawo mphamvu kuti muteteze kugwedezeka kwamagetsi.
2. Yezerani voteji pamalumikizidwe ndi ma multimeter.
3. Chotsani chosinthira chowunikira. Chotsani mapepalawo powakokera pansi pang’ono.
4. Chotsani zomangira kuti muteteze chosinthira ndi tinyanga. Dulani waya wofunikira ndi odula mawaya.

Waya wosalowerera ndale

Vuto lakuthwanima limathetsedwa ngati mawaya osalowerera ndale ndi gawo alumikizidwa ndi chosinthira nthawi yomweyo. Lumikizani kuwala kwa iwo. Dongosolo lolumikizana lolimba lotereli limapangitsa kuti chizindikirocho chiziyaka nthawi zonse, koma nyali ya LED imasiya kuthwanima.

Kuchulukitsa mphamvu ya capacitor yofanana

Mphamvu yamagetsi ya LED, yomwe imayikidwa pambuyo pa thiransifoma kapena voliyumu yogawa magetsi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzanso chizindikiro chosinthira pogwiritsa ntchito capacitor C, yomwe imatulutsa ma ripples.

Kuti muchepetse mphamvu ya ripple pamtundu wa siginecha yokonzedwanso, onjezerani mtengo wa capacitor yofanana. Kuti izi zitheke, mofanana ndi chomaliza, gwirizanitsani capacitor yachiwiri – C1.

Palinso njira ina yothetsera vutoli – kusintha capacitor kukhala ina yokhala ndi mphamvu zapamwamba. Chotsatiracho chimangokhala ndi miyeso ya maziko – chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti capacitor yatsopano imalowa mmenemo.

Choletsa chapano chozimitsa choletsa

Kuphatikizika kwa chopinga chowonjezera cha R1 pamndandanda wamtundu wa LED kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso kulemetsa kwapano. Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu ya kuwala kwawo ndikuwongolera ma ripples.

Momwe mungachepetse kuthamanga kwa LED:

1. Chepetsani kudutsa kwapano pa HL1-HLn ndi 25-30%. Yezerani kutsika kwamagetsi pagawo logwira ntchito ndikuwerengera pang’ono.
2. Panopa kudutsa ma LED kumatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi lamulo la Ohm. Kudziwa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kukana R \u003d 1 kOhm, I \u003d U / R yamakono imatsimikiziridwa mosavuta.
3. Mukapeza mtengo wapano, chepetsani pafupifupi 25% ndikuwerengera kukana kwathunthu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyo R=U/I. Chotsani kukana koyamba pamtengo womwe wapezeka ndikupeza mtengo womwe mukufuna R1.
4. Sankhani kukana molingana ndi mphamvu yovomerezeka. Izi zimalepheretsa kutenthedwa kwapangidwe, zomwe zingayambitse kuyaka kwake kwathunthu.

Njira yomwe ili pamwambayi sichingathetseretu kuwomba, koma kumachepetsa kwambiri.

Kulumikiza zosefera zopangira tokha

Kulumikiza ma capacitor ndi kutsamira kumatha kutulutsa phokoso lapamwamba kwambiri lochokera ku mains kupita kumagetsi amagetsi a LED. Kwa madalaivala osavuta, yankho ili ndilokwanira kuthetsa kufinya.

Zosefera:

1. Fyuluta yotereyi imasonkhanitsidwa ngati gawo lapadera, ndiyeno imayatsidwa kutsogolo kwa nyali.
2. Zosefera sizingamangidwe m’munsi mwa nyali ya LED. Izo zimachitika mu dielectric kesi. Ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa kulikonse, koma tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiyike patsogolo pa cartridge.

Ndi liti pamene muyenera kuyimbira wogwiritsa ntchito magetsi?

Simuyenera kuyimbira wogwiritsa ntchito magetsi kuti alowe m’malo mwa nyali ya LED. Koma, ngati simukupeza chomwe chikuchititsa kuti nyaliyo izizimiririka nokha, muyenera kumuyitana.

Adzayang’ana kugwirizana, kudziwa ubwino wa mawaya, kugwira ntchito zonse zofunika zomwe zimafuna luso la akatswiri ndi gulu linalake lololera.

Kuwala kwa nyali za LED ndi vuto lalikulu kwa chitonthozo komanso thanzi laumunthu. Ndikofunika kupeza chomwe chayambitsa vutoli ndikuchikonza mwamsanga. Kuyika kwa zinthu zamtengo wapatali komanso mawaya ogwiritsira ntchito kumathandiza kuti nyali zisamawonongeke m’nyumba.