Kodi dalaivala wa nyali zotsogola ndi chiyani, momwe mungasankhire ndikuyang’ana chipangizochi?

Mabwalo apadera amagetsi – oyendetsa – amakulolani kuti muwonjezere moyo wa ma LED, kupanga mawonekedwe awo owala komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Tiphunzira momwe chipangizochi chimagwirira ntchito, momwe mungasankhire ndikuchiyika moyenera, komanso momwe mungachipangire nokha.

Dalaivala ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani amafunikira?

Ma LED amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa magawo a mains, motero amalumikizidwa ndi netiweki kudzera pa dalaivala – chipangizo chamagetsi chomwe chimawongolera pakali pano ndi magetsi. Kawirikawiri, dalaivala wa nyali yotsogolera amasankhidwa ndi malire a mphamvu ndikuganizira zamtundu wamagetsi otulutsa ndi zamakono. Ngati magawo ake sakugwirizana ndi chipangizo cha LED, chidzakhala chosagwiritsidwa ntchito, chiyenera kutayidwa.

Mfundo ntchito, dera tingachipeze powerenga ndi kusiyana kwa magetsi

Ngakhale kuti dalaivala nthawi zambiri amatchedwa magetsi, pali kusiyana pakati pa ziwirizi. Dalaivala ndi gwero lamakono lomwe limasunga mtengo wake wokhazikika wodutsa mu LED, ndipo magetsi amakhala ndi magetsi okhazikika. Ganizirani momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito pachitsanzo china:

• Lumikizani kukana (R) kwa 40 ohms ku gwero la 12 V.
• Lolani yapano (I) ya 300 mA ikuyenda kudzera pa resistor. Ndi ma resistors awiri oikidwa, zamakono zidzawirikiza mpaka 600 mA. Pankhaniyi, voteji sichidzasintha, chifukwa ili ndi mgwirizano wofanana ndi panopa ndi kukana (lamulo la Ohm I \u003d U / R).

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe driver amagwirira ntchito:

• Lolani chopinga cha 30 Ω (R) chiphatikizidwe muderali ndi dalaivala wa 225 mA.
• Ngati, pa voteji (U) wa 12 V, awiri 30 Ohm resistors olumikizidwa mu kufanana, panopa adzakhala chimodzimodzi – 225 mA, ndi voteji adzakhala theka – 6 V.

Dalaivala potsirizira pake amapereka katunduyo ndi zomwe zaperekedwa panopa, mosasamala kanthu za kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu. Choncho, ma LED, omwe adzaperekedwa ndi magetsi a 6 V, adzawala kwambiri ngati gwero la 10 V, ngati mlingo woperekedwa wamakono ukugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuzungulira kwa driver wa LED
: Dera la driver lili ndi ma node atatu olumikizidwa:

• capacitance kwa kupatukana voteji;
• kukonza module;
• stabilizer.

Momwe dera limagwirira ntchito:

1. Pakalipano ikadutsa, capacitor C imayimbidwa mpaka itayimitsidwa. Zing’onozing’ono mphamvu yake, mofulumira izo adzalipira.
2. Kusintha kwamagetsi kumasinthidwa kukhala pulsating. Gawo loyamba la mafundewa limasinthidwa pamene likudutsa capacitor C.
3. Electrolytic capacitor yomwe imamaliza kuzungulira imakhala ngati fyuluta-stabilizer.

Zofotokozera

Pogula nyali ya LED, mungafunike kugula dalaivala ngati chipangizo chowunikira chilibe chosinthira chamakono. Makhalidwe akulu:

• zotuluka panopa, A;
• mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito, W;
• mphamvu yamagetsi, V.

Mphamvu yotulutsa imatha kusiyana. Zimatengera chiwembu cholumikizira mphamvu komanso kuchuluka kwa ma LED. Mulingo wa kuwala ndi mphamvu zimadalira kukula kwa panopa. Kuti ma diode awoneke bwino komanso osakhala ochepa, zomwe zikuchitika pamtundu wa dalaivala zimasungidwa pamlingo woperekedwa. Mphamvu yosinthira iyenera kukhala yokwera pang’ono kuposa ma watts onse a diode. Kuwerengera mphamvu ya dalaivala, chilinganizo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito: P \u003d P (wotsogolera) × X pomwe:

• P (kutsogoleredwa) ndi mphamvu ya LED imodzi;
• X ndi nambala ya diode.

Ngati mphamvu yowerengera idakhala 10 W, dalaivala ayenera kutengedwa ndi malire a 20-30%.

Mitundu ya madalaivala

Madalaivala onse amasiyanitsidwa ndi njira zitatu – malinga ndi njira yokhazikika, mawonekedwe apangidwe ndi kukhalapo / kusapezeka kwa chitetezo. Tiyeni tione njira zonse mwatsatanetsatane.

Linear ndi zotengera

Kutengera kukhazikika komwe kulipo pano, madalaivala amagawidwa m’mitundu iwiri – liniya ndi kugunda. Iwo amasiyana mfundo ntchito ndi bwino. Pamaso pa dera lamagetsi la dalaivala, ntchitoyi idakhazikitsidwa – kuonetsetsa kuti zokhazikika zapano ndi magetsi zimaperekedwa ku kristalo (LED). Njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo ndikuphatikiza zoletsa zoletsa kuzungulira. Linear power scheme:
Dongosolo loyambirali silingathe kukonza zodziwikiratu. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa magetsi, imakula mofanana ndipo, ikadutsa mtengo wovomerezeka, kristalo idzagwa chifukwa cha kutentha. Kuwongolera kovutirapo kumachitika ndikuphatikiza transistor muderali. Kuipa kwa dera lozungulira ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu ndi kuwonjezeka kwa magetsi. Njirayi ndi yovomerezeka mukamagwiritsa ntchito magwero otsogola otsika, koma mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma LED apamwamba, mabwalo otere sagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ubwino wa linear scheme:

• kuphweka;
• kutsika mtengo;
• kudalirika wachibale.

Pamodzi ndi mabwalo ozungulira, magetsi ndi magetsi amatha kukhazikika ndi kukhazikika kwa pulse:

• pambuyo kukanikiza batani, capacitor ndi mlandu;
• atamasulidwa, capacitor imatuluka, kupereka mphamvu yosungidwa ku semiconductor element (LED), yomwe imayamba kutulutsa kuwala;
• ngati magetsi akukwera, ndiye kuti nthawi yolipira ya capacitor imachepetsedwa, ikagwa, imawonjezeka.

Wogwiritsa sayenera kukanikiza batani – zamagetsi zimamuchitira chilichonse. Udindo wa makina a batani mumagetsi amakono amachitidwa ndi semiconductors – thyristors kapena transistors. Mfundo yogwiritsiridwa ntchito imatchedwa pulse-width modulation in electronics. Zambiri komanso masauzande a ntchito zitha kuchitika pamphindikati. Kuchita bwino kwa chiwembu chotere kumafika 95%. Chiwembu chosavuta cha impulse stabilization:

Electronic, dimmable ndi capacitor zochokera

Kukula kwa mawonekedwe ake ndi magwiridwe antchito zimadalira mfundo ya chipangizo choyendetsa. Mitundu ya madalaivala malinga ndi mfundo ya chipangizo:

• Zamagetsi. Mabwalo awo amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito transistor. Capacitor imayikidwa pazotulutsa, kuchotsa kapena kusalaza ma ripples apano. Zosintha zamagetsi zimatha kukhazikika mafunde mpaka 750 mA. Madalaivala amtundu wamagetsi amalimbana osati ndi ma ripples okha, komanso kusokoneza kwamagetsi kwamagetsi kwamagetsi komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi zida zamagetsi (wailesi, TV, rauta, ndi zina). Kuchepetsa kusokoneza amalola kukhalapo wapadera ceramic capacitor. Kuchotsera kwa dalaivala wamagetsi ndi mtengo wokwera, kuphatikiza kugwira ntchito bwino kuli pafupi ndi 95%. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyali zotsogola zamphamvu: zowunikira zamagalimoto, zowunikira, nyali zamsewu.
• Zozimiririka. A mbali ya madalaivala dimmable ndi luso kulamulira kuwala kwa nyali. Kusinthaku kumachokera ku kusintha kwazomwe zimatuluka, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuwala kwa kuwala kwa kuwala. Dalaivala akhoza kuphatikizidwa mu dera m’njira ziwiri: pakati pa nyali ndi stabilizer kapena pakati pa gwero la mphamvu ndi chosinthira.
• Capacitor yochokera. Izi ndi zitsanzo zotsika mtengo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zotsika mtengo za LED. Ngati wopanga sanapereke capacitor yosalala mu dera, ndiye kuti ripple imawonedwa pakutulutsa. Kuipa kwina ndiko kusowa kwa chitetezo. Ubwino wa zitsanzo zotere ndizochita bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimakonda 100%, komanso kuphweka kwa dera. Madalaivala oterewa ndi osavuta kusonkhanitsa ndi manja anu.

Madalaivala a capacitor amatha kuyambitsa kunjenjemera chifukwa chake savomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zida zamkati. Flicker imasokoneza masomphenya ndikukhumudwitsa dongosolo lamanjenje.

Ndi komanso opanda thupi

Dalaivala akhoza kapena ayike mkati mwa chikwama choteteza. Mabwalo amagetsi amakhala pachiwopsezo kuzinthu zambiri zakunja, kotero kuyika dalaivala pamlandu kumawonedwa ngati njira yodalirika. Nyumbayi imateteza chosinthira zamagetsi ku chinyezi, fumbi, kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndi zina zotero. Zitsanzo zopanda pake zimakhala zotsika mtengo, koma zimakhala ndi moyo waufupi wautumiki komanso kukhazikika koyipa kogwira ntchito. Iwo ndi abwino kwambiri kukweza ndi flush.

Zabwino kwambiri tsiku lisanachitike

Dalaivala adavotera pafupifupi maola 30,000. Izi ndizocheperako pang’ono poyerekeza ndi moyo womwe umayerekezedwa wa zida zambiri za LED. Kutsika kotereku kumalumikizidwa ndi zinthu zosasangalatsa zomwe stabilizer yapano iyenera kugwira ntchito. Zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a driver:

• kuchuluka kwa mphamvu;
• kusintha kwa kutentha ndi/kapena chinyezi.

Ngati chipangizo cha 200 W chadzaza ndi 100 W, ndiye kuti 50% yamtengo wapatali imabwezeretsedwa pa intaneti. Izi zitha kuyambitsa kuchulukira komanso kulephera kwamagetsi.

Moyo wa dalaivala umachepetsedwa ndi moyo wa capacitor yosalala. M’kupita kwa nthawi, electrolyte amasanduka nthunzi mmenemo, ndipo chipangizo amalephera.

Kutalikitsa ntchito ya dalaivala, iyenera kuyendetsedwa m’zipinda zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri (osati apamwamba), ndikulumikizidwa ndi netiweki yokhala ndi voteji yapamwamba popanda ma surges.

Momwe mungasankhire dalaivala wa nyali ya LED?

Mukalumikizidwa ndi stabilizer yamakono, ma semiconductors amalandira mphamvu zomwe amafunikira ndikufikira mawonekedwe awo mwadzina. Moyo wautumiki wa ma diode umadalira momwe dalaivala amasankhidwira molondola. Ndi magawo ati omwe muyenera kulabadira:

• Mphamvu. Zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kovomerezeka komwe chipangizocho chimapangidwira. Mwachitsanzo, kuyika chizindikiro (20×26) x1W kumatanthauza kuti ma LED 20 mpaka 26 amatha kulumikizidwa ndi dalaivala nthawi imodzi, iliyonse ili ndi mphamvu ya 1 W.
• Masiku ano ndi ma voltage (malingo adzina). Opanga amasonyeza chizindikiro ichi pa LED iliyonse, ndi chifukwa chake dalaivala amasankhidwa. Ngati pakali pano pali 350mA, magetsi a 300-330mA ayenera kulumikizidwa. Mitundu yambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mafunde imakulolani kuti muwonetsetse kuti nthawi ya alumali ya nyali, yoperekedwa ndi wopanga.
• Gulu la chitetezo. Zimatengera chizindikiro ichi komwe nyali zingagwiritsidwe ntchito – panja kapena m’nyumba. Kalasi ya kukana chinyezi ndi kulimba kumawonetsedwa ndi zilembo za IP ndipo zimawonetsedwa mu manambala awiri. Nambala yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuweruza chitetezo ku tizigawo zolimba (fumbi, dothi, mchenga, ayezi), chachiwiri – kuchokera kuzinthu zamadzimadzi. Gulu lachitetezo silikuwonetsa kutentha komwe luminaire ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
• Chimango. Dalaivala akhoza kukhala ndi chikwama chachitsulo chotseguka kapena chotsekedwa. Chachiwiri, chipangizocho chimayikidwa mu bokosi lachitsulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kunyumba, pulasitiki yosasindikizidwa ndiyoyenera.
• Mfundo ya ntchito. Cholepheretsa cholepheretsa sichimathetsa kusinthasintha kwa magetsi mu mains ndipo sichimateteza ku phokoso lachidziwitso. Kusintha pang’ono kwa magetsi kumabweretsa kukwera kwadzidzidzi kwapano. Owongolera ma Linear amaonedwa kuti ndi osadalirika komanso oyendetsa madalaivala otsika, osintha mabwalo amakonda.

Kodi mungawone bwanji ngati ikugwira ntchito?

Kuti muwone dalaivala popanda katundu, ndikwanira kugwiritsa ntchito 220 V kulowetsa kwa chipika. Mtengo wake udzakhala wokulirapo pang’ono kuposa malire apamwamba omwe asonyezedwa pa chizindikiro cha dalaivala. Ngati, mwachitsanzo, stabilizer ili ndi 27-37 V, ndiye kuti zotulukazo ziyenera kukhala pafupifupi 40 V. Kusunga zamakono mumtundu woperekedwa, pamene kukana kwa katundu kumawonjezeka (kumakhala kosalekeza popanda katundu), voteji. imakulanso mpaka malire ena. Njira yotsimikizirayi ndiyosavuta komanso yofikirika, koma salola kuti tipeze mfundo zosadziwika bwino za 100% ya serviceability ya chipangizocho. Pali madalaivala omwe, atatsegulidwa popanda katundu, samayamba kapena kuchita zinthu zosamvetsetseka. Chosankha chachiwiri:

1. Lumikizani chotsutsa ku zotsatira za dalaivala, posankha kukana kwake kutengera lamulo la Ohm. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya dalaivala ndi 20 W, zotuluka panopa ndi 600 mA, voteji ndi 25-35 V. Kukana kofunikira kudzakhala 38-58 ohms.
2. Sankhani kukana kuchokera pamtundu wotchulidwa komanso ndi mphamvu yoyenera. Ngakhale ndi yaying’ono, ndiye kuti izi ndizokwanira kutsimikizira.
3. Lumikizani resistor ndikuyesa mphamvu yotulutsa ndi tester. Ngati ili mkati mwa malire otchulidwa, ndiye kuti dalaivala akugwira ntchito.

Pofufuza zowonongeka, m’pofunika kuganizira mfundo ya mapangidwe a dera. M’mabwalo ozungulira ndi ma pulse, kuwonongeka kumatha kulumikizidwa ndi zovuta zina. Zolakwa zotheka:

• Mu ma stabilizers okhazikika , awiri otsutsa omwe ali ndi kukana kwa 5 mpaka 100 ohms amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ateteze ku madontho amagetsi. Imodzi ili pakulowetsa kwa mlatho wa diode, yachiwiri ndi yotuluka. Kuti muchepetse flicker, capacitor-electrolyte yamphamvu kwambiri imayatsidwa molingana ndi katundu. Kulephera kwa madalaivala a mzere kumatha kulumikizidwa ndi kutenthedwa kwa chimodzi kapena ziwiri zoteteza nthawi imodzi.
• M’matembenuzidwe amakono a pulse, ma microcircuits amatetezedwa kuti asachulukidwe, kutenthedwa ndi kutenthedwa, ndipo, mwachidziwitso, sangathe kusweka. M’malo mwake, ma microcircuit aliwonse, makamaka madalaivala opangidwa ndi China, amatha kukhala osagwiritsidwa ntchito. Vutoli likukulirakulira chifukwa tchipisi tambiri zaku China ndizovuta kupeza zolowa m’malo. Zina mwa izo sizipezeka ngakhale pa intaneti.

Kulumikizana

Kulumikiza dalaivala ku ma LED sikumayambitsa zovuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa pali chizindikiro chofunikira pa thupi lake. Momwe mungalumikizire driver:

1. Ikani magetsi olowera pamawaya olowetsa (INPUT).
2. Lumikizani ma LED ku mawaya otulutsa (OUTPUT).

Mukalumikiza, onani polarity:

• Polar input (INPUT). Ngati dalaivala amayendetsedwa ndi voteji nthawi zonse, ndiye gwirizanitsani “+” kutulutsa komweko kwa gwero la mphamvu. Ngati voteji ndi AC, tcherani khutu ku zolemba pamawaya olowera. Pali njira ziwiri:
  • “L” ndi “N”. Ikani gawolo pazotulutsa “L” (ipezeni ndi screwdriver), mpaka “N” – ziro.
  • “~”, “AC” kapena palibe chizindikiro – simungathe kuona polarity.
• Polar output (OUTPUT). Yang’anani polarity nthawi zonse. Lumikizani waya wa “+” ku anode ya 1st LED, “-” ku cathode yotsiriza. Ma semiconductors onse amalumikizidwa mndandanda – anode ya yotsatira imalumikizidwa ndi cathode ya m’mbuyomu.

Pali njira yachiwiri yolumikizira ma LED – maunyolo angapo okhala ndi ma diode ofanana amalumikizidwa mofanana. Zikalumikizidwa motsatizana, zinthu zonse zimawala chimodzimodzi, ndi mtundu wofananira, mizereyo imatha kukhala yowala mosiyana.

Momwe mungapangire dalaivala wa nyali ya LED ndi manja anu?

Dalaivala akhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku charger yakale ya foni. Ndikofunikira kupanga kusintha kwakung’ono kwa chip. Zopangidwa kunyumba zotere ndizokwanira kupatsa mphamvu ma LED atatu okhala ndi mphamvu ya 1 W iliyonse. Ganizirani pang’onopang’ono kuphatikiza kwa dalaivala kuchokera pa charger ya foni:

1. Chotsani chikwamacho pa charger.
2. Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosungunula, chotsani chopinga chomwe chimachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imaperekedwa ku foni.
3. M’malo mwa soldered resistor, ikani chopinga chowongolera. Ikani ku 5,000 ohms.
4. Solder ma LED motsatizana ku njira yotulutsa.
5. Onjezani njira zolowera ndikugulitsa chingwe chamagetsi cha 220V m’malo mwake.
6. Yang’anani kayendetsedwe ka dera poyika magetsi pa resistor ndi chowongolera kuti ma diode awotche kwambiri, koma osasintha mitundu.

Mukamagwira ntchito yopanga diver kuchokera pa charger, muyenera kutsatira malamulo achitetezo. Mukakhudza mbali zopanda kanthu, mukhoza kupeza mphamvu yamagetsi yamphamvu.

Dalaivala akhoza kumangidwanso kuyambira pachiyambi. Kuti muchite izi, mukufunikira chitsulo chosungunuka, tester, mawaya ndi stabilizer yofunikira KR142EN12A (kapena analogue yachilendo – LM317), yomwe ingagulidwe pa sitolo iliyonse yapadera kwa ma ruble 20. Magawo a microcircuit ogulidwa ndi 40 V ndi 1.5 A current. Ili ndi chitetezo chomangidwira mkati, kutentha kwambiri komanso kuzungulira kwachidule. The microcircuit bata voteji, ndi dalaivala amafanana panopa, kotero muyenera kusintha dera muyezo kulumikiza microcircuit. Woyendetsa pa Integrated stabilizer:
Pamenepa, ntchito ya microcircuit ndiyo kulamulira, chifukwa chomwe panopa chidzasungidwa pamlingo wofunikira. Mtengo wapano umatsimikiziridwa ndi kukana kwa resistor R1. Mtengo wake mwadzina umawerengedwa ndi chilinganizo: R = 1.2 / I, pomwe:

• R – kukana, Ohm;
• Ine – panopa, A.

Dongosolo la kupanga driver:

1. Sonkhanitsani chowongolera cha 9.9 V chomwe chili ndi 300 mA. Ndiye R1 \u003d 1.2 / 0.3 \u003d 4 ohms. Mphamvu yotsutsa – kuchokera ku 4 Watts. Mutha kutenga zopinga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa TV. Atha kugulidwanso m’masitolo. Mphamvu ya zinthu izi ndi 2 W, kukana ndi 1-2 ohms.
2. Lumikizani resistors mu mndandanda. Kukana kwawo kudzawonjezera ndipo kudzakhala kofanana ndi 2-4 ohms.
3. Gwirizanitsani chip ku heatsink ndikulumikiza chigawo cha ma diode olumikizidwa ndi ma dalaivala. Yang’anani polarity polumikiza ma LED.
4. Ikani magetsi okhazikika a 12-40 V kuti mulowetse (chipangizocho chinapangidwira 9.9 V, kotero timachitenga ndi malire). Sikoyenera kupitirira malire – microcircuit ikhoza kuyaka. Mpweya woperekedwawo sungathe kukhazikika. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito batire yagalimoto, laputopu yamagetsi kapena chosinthira chotsika chokhala ndi mlatho wa diode. Lumikizani dalaivala, onani polarity – ntchito yatha.

Chifukwa cha madalaivala, n’zotheka osati kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za nyali za LED, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yawo yayitali, yosasokonezeka. Poganizira za mtengo wazitsulo za LED, kugwiritsa ntchito madalaivala kumakhala njira yotsika mtengo.