Kupanga, kukhazikitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma dimmers a nyali za LED

Dimmer ndi chipangizo chomwe chimawongolera kuwala kwa nyali. Zodziwika kwambiri ndi zida zotere kuphatikiza ndi nyali za LED. Tiphunzira momwe ma dimmers amagwirira ntchito, zomwe ali, komanso momwe angasankhire molondola.

Kodi dimmer ndi chiyani?

Dimmer ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chopangidwa kuti chizitha kuyendetsa mphamvu ya nyali. Kusintha kumachitika mwa kusintha voteji yomwe imaperekedwa ku katunduyo.
The dimmer kwa nyali ochiritsira incandescent anatulukira kalekale. Zida zoyambirira kwambiri zinali ma rheostats omwe amawongolera kuwala kwa emitters posintha kukana kwawo. Pambuyo pake, ma dimmers apakompyuta ophatikizika adapangidwa ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. Mbali yapadera ya dimmer, yomwe imasiyanitsa ndi rheostat, ili mu chiyanjano chachindunji ndi mphamvu ya nyali ya LED – mwamsanga pamene kuwala kwa kuwala kumachepa, kutsika kwa mphamvu kumatsika, ndipo ndi iyo ndalama zamphamvu zimachepa. .

Chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira?

Dimmer ya nyali za LED imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse komwe mungafune kusintha kuwala kwa kuyatsa. Chipangizochi chimakupatsani mwayi wopanga malo omasuka komanso osangalatsa omwe amagwirizana ndi zosowa ndi malingaliro a wogwiritsa ntchito. Magwero onse owunikira a LED amagawidwa m’magulu awiri akulu:

• zipangizo zodziimira – nyali;
• Zida za LED.

Masiku ano, pafupifupi nyali iliyonse ya 220 V LED imatha kuzimitsidwa. Izi ndi nyali zokhala ndi E, MR, G socles. Iwo amawombera mu cartridge yokhazikika ndipo kuwala kumayendetsedwa kudzera mu olamulira. Pazingwe za LED, zida zokhala ndi PWM (pulse wide modulation) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zitsanzo zogwiritsira ntchito dimmer:

• kuchepa kwa kuwala kwa kuwala m’chipinda chogona musanagone;
• mu mapangidwe amkati momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuwala imafunikira;
• kusintha kuyatsa kumawonekedwe oyimira – kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu;
• kupeza zowunikira panthawi yamakonsati ndi zochitika zina, kuphatikizapo zikondwerero zapakhomo – magetsi amazimiririka panthawi yovina kapena chakudya chamadzulo chachikondi.

Kuyang’ana madera omwe ali pawokha kuli kochitika. Chipindacho chimakonzekera kuwala kwambuyo, komwe kumayendetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito dimmer ndikuunikira chinthu china kapena malo – mwachitsanzo, chithunzi kapena vase yaikulu.

Chipangizo ndi mfundo ya ntchito

Chinthu chachikulu cha dimmer ndi kiyi – nthawi zambiri imatchedwa kusintha kapena kusintha. Imayendetsedwa ndi semiconductor transistors, triacs, thyristors. Chifukwa cha ma dimmers, nyali za 220 ndi 12 V za LED zimagwira ntchito pa 10-100% ya zomwe angathe.
Mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito:

1. Sinusoidal alternating current imayenda kudzera pa netiweki yamagetsi. Kusintha kuwala kwa nyali ya LED, sinusoid ya truncated imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
2. Sinusoid imadulidwa ndikudula gawo lake – kutsogolo kapena kutsogolo. Pachifukwa ichi, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapereka magetsi imachepa. Zotsatira zake, mphamvu ndi kuwala kwa nyali kumasintha.

Pali njira ziwiri zosinthira magetsi:

• Patsogolo. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera nyali za 220V LED ndi CFL kudzera pamagetsi amagetsi. Komanso, kusintha m’mphepete mwa sinusoid kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyali zotsika.

• Kumbuyo kumbuyo. Chowongolera ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nyali za halogen ndi LED. Dimming ikuchitika kudzera pa thiransifoma zamagetsi.

Dimmers ndi ma electromagnetic interference generator. Kuti muchepetse, chowongolera cholimba kwambiri (chokani) kapena fyuluta ya inductive-capacitive imaphatikizidwa muderali. Kanema wotsatirawa akuthandizani kuti muphunzire zambiri za dera lowongolera magetsi / kuwala:
Dimmer imayikidwa ndi chosinthira kapena m’malo mwake. Chofunikira chachikulu ndikuti chipangizocho chiyenera kukhala patsogolo pa woyendetsa nyali ya LED.

Woyendetsa nyali ya LED – chipangizo chosungira magetsi pamlingo woperekedwa. Amapereka ma LED kuti azikhala ndi magetsi nthawi zonse, amawalepheretsa kuti asagwedezeke ndi kusweka.

Ngakhale kupatuka pang’ono kwamagetsi kumagawo omwe atchulidwa kumabweretsa kuthwanima ndi kuzimiririka kwa ma LED – zinthu za semiconductor izi zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mphamvu. Kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi akuperekedwa mkati mwa malire otchulidwa, mabwalo amakono sagwiritsa ntchito njira yachikhalidwe yoyendetsera katundu – kusintha kukana – koma kusinthasintha kwa pulse-width. Amapereka ma diode apano mumayendedwe amfupi panthawi yayitali. Momwe dimmer ya PWM imagwirira ntchito:

• Dera ndi jenereta yomwe imapanga ma frequency apamwamba (200 Hertz).
• Kugunda kumawonekera pazotulutsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma diode aziwala.
• M’kati mwa nyali ya LED, dalaivala amaikidwa omwe amayankha kuwongolera kunja. Zimachokera kwa woyang’anira. Ngati panopa akuwonjezeka, dalaivala amatumiza pazipita PWM pulses.

Kuwala kwa ma LED kumadalira magawo a pulse yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kuwala kwa nyali wamba kumadalira mphamvu zamakono. Chifukwa chake, dimmer ya LED siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera zotulutsa zina.

Mitundu ya dimmers

Musanagule ndikuyika dimmer, mvetsetsani gulu lawo. Zida izi zimayimiridwa kwambiri pamsika. Amasiyana ndi mapangidwe, njira yokhazikitsira ndi kuwongolera.

Mwa mtundu wa kukhazikitsa

Onse owongolera molingana ndi njira yoyika amagawidwa m’magulu awiri akulu:

• Panja. Ndi masiwichi apamwamba omwe amayikidwa pakhoma. Zida zoterezi nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pamene nkhani yamkati siili yofunika kwambiri.
• Zamkati. Zidazi zimayikidwa mu niche yokonzekeratu. Njira yotchuka kwambiri yopangira nyumba zogona.

Mwa kupanga

Osati zotheka zokha, magawo, mtengo, komanso kukula kwa dimmer kumadalira kapangidwe kake. Zosankha zamapangidwe:

• Modular. Dzina lachiwiri ndi chishango. Amayikidwa mu gulu lamagetsi. Iyi ndi njira yokwera mtengo kwambiri yokhala ndi zovuta zamagetsi zamagetsi. Sichigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Ikani pa njanji okwera. Pali zitsanzo zamtundu wa nyali za LED zomwe sizimangosintha kuwala kwa kuwala, komanso zimagwira ntchito zina zingapo, zoyendetsedwa ndi njira zotumizira digito. Zida zamtunduwu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Smart Home system.
• Block. Kachipangizo kakang’ono kamene kamalumikiza molunjika ku dera lounikira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika zowunikira padenga lotambasula – amayika chipangizocho kuseri kwa chinsalu.
• Monoblock . Zosayamba njira. Zida zoterezi zimayikidwa muzitsulo zokhazikika. Nthawi zambiri amaikidwa m’nyumba.

Mwa njira ya kasamalidwe

Dimmer ndi chipangizo chaching’ono chomwe chimawoneka ngati chosinthira mwachizolowezi. Kusintha kowala kumachitika m’njira zosiyanasiyana. Zosankha zowongolera:

• Kankhani-batani. Zosavuta komanso zosavuta kusamalira. Kuwala kumasinthidwa ndikudina batani.
• Swivel. Perekani kutembenuza makina molunjika kapena motsutsa. Pakutembenuka koyamba, kudina kumamveka – kuyatsa kumayaka, ndipo nyali zimayatsa pa 10% ya mtengo womwewo.
• Swivel-kankha. Makinawa amazungulira mofanana ndi nkhani yapitayi, koma mwanjira imeneyi kuwala kokha kumasinthidwa. Kuti muyatse/kuzimitsa nyali, kanikizani chosinthira.
• Kukhudza. Njira yamakono yoyendetsera ntchito. Kusintha kumachitika ndikudina pazigawo zofananira. Mu zitsanzo zamtengo wapatali, chiwonetsero chamtundu chimaperekedwa.
• Akutali. Kuwongolera kumachitika popanda waya. Chizindikirocho chimaperekedwa kudzera pa mafunde a wailesi kapena infrared. Pachiyambi choyamba, mukhoza kusintha kuwala kuchokera m’chipinda chilichonse cha m’nyumba, chachiwiri – polozera kutali kwa olamulira.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwake

Ubwino waukulu wa dimmer uli mu ntchito yake – kuwongolera kuwala kwa kuwala. Kuthekera kumeneku kumalola munthu kusankha yekha njira yabwino yowunikira – poganizira zofunikira zachangu.
Ubwino wina wa dimmer wa nyali za LED:

• Kusunga. Dimming imakupatsani mwayi wochepetsera kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mwa kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
• Zoning. Kugawanitsa chipindacho m’madera osiyana mothandizidwa ndi kuunikira, sinthani kuwala kwa kuwala kumalo enaake.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Pochoka pakhomo, mukhoza kusiya magetsi poyika kuwala kochepa kwambiri kwa nyali. Kusuntha koteroko kumatsanzira kukhalapo kwa eni ake ndikuwopsyeza akuba.
• Ubwino. Ma dimmers amakono ndi odalirika, okhazikika komanso osagwirizana ndi zochitika zogwirira ntchito. Amapirira zolemetsa, amagwira ntchito mwakachetechete, amakhala ophatikizika komanso amalemera pang’ono.
• Kusinthasintha. Chipangizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang’anira nyali zokhala ndi sockets E14 ndi E27, komanso zosintha zosawerengeka. Zowongolera zimayikidwa pa nyali imodzi ya LED komanso pamagulu onse a nyali.

Zolakwika:

• Mtengo wapamwamba. Zimatenga miyezi, kapena zaka, mpaka chipangizocho chitalipira.
• Zowopsa. Pali kuthekera kwa chipangizo kulephera, zomwe zingayambitse moto mu dera. Palinso ngozi kuti wolamulira sangatsegule dera lamagetsi ngati kuli kofunikira, zomwe zimawopseza wogwiritsa ntchito kugwedezeka kwa magetsi.

Kodi kusankha dimmer?

Kuti dimmer igwire bwino ntchito, iyenera kukhala yogwirizana ndi nyali za LED. Chifukwa chake, sankhani kaye kuti ndi zida ziti za LED zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kusankha kwa Dimmer:

• Kwa nyali ya 220 V. Zida za Phase-pulse zokhala ndi sinusoidal cutoff pamphepete mwa njira zimalimbikitsidwa.
• Kwa 12 V. Zowongolera zilizonse za PWM kapena ma dimmer a mizere ya LED ndizoyenera nyali zotsika za DC LED.

Ma dimmer onse amakono a nyali za LED amagwira ntchito pa PWM – malamulo amzere adachoka kale. Zimalimbikitsidwanso kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zapadera zomwe zimapangidwira kugwira ntchito ndi dimmer.

Momwe mungasankhire mphamvu:

1. Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa nyali zonse za LED zomwe zidzalumikizidwa kudzera pa dimmer.
2. Onjezani 20% ina ku ndalama zomwe mwalandira.

Ngati ma dimmer 2 atsegulidwa mudera limodzi, kuchuluka kovomerezeka kumachepetsedwa ndi 25%. Zitsanzo za nyali za 220 V nthawi zambiri zimapangidwira katundu wa 0.3-1 kW, kwa nyali zotsika 12 V – mpaka 0,1 kW. Pogula chowongolera magetsi, ndikofunikira kuganizira magawo ake. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti dimmer ndi nyali ya LED sizigwirizana. Dimmer iliyonse imakhala ndi malire ena amagetsi, omwe sangakhale okwanira kuwongolera nyali inayake. Mwachitsanzo, pali nyali za LED zomwe zimatha kuyatsa ndikugwira ntchito pa 5% ya mphamvu zawo. Ngati mutasankha dimmer yolakwika, idzasintha mu 40-100%, yomwe imachepetsa kwambiri kuthekera kwa dimming.

Kuyika ndi kulumikizana

Palibe chovuta kulumikiza dimmer ya nyali za LED. Zomwe mukufunikira ndi chizindikiro ndi screwdriver. Voltage regulator imalumikizidwa mndandanda ndi switch. Koma ndi kukhazikitsa muyenera tinker. Ngati wowongolera ali ndi njira yoyatsa / kuzimitsa, imayikidwa m’malo mwakusintha kwanthawi zonse. Kuyikira:

1. Gwirani khoma ndi puncher kapena kubowola ndi cylindrical kubowola. Gwiritsani ntchito zida za diamondi kapena tungsten carbide ndikubowolera khoma ndi njira yopanda nyundo. Akorona mano – mu percussion.
2. Kuzama kwa niche yobowoleredwa ndikofanana ndi kuya kwa socket, m’mimba mwake ndi yayikulu pang’ono. Ndi chisel, gwetsani zinthuzo mkati mwa khola lobowoleredwa ndikupanga dzenje lakhungu.
3. Khomerani strobe pakhoma ndi puncher kapena chisel. Idzalumikiza bokosi lolumikizirana ndi dzenje lomwe mudapanga.
4. Pangani groove kuchokera ku strobe kupita ku nyali. Pafupi ndi dzenje, zimitseni mosasamala kuti mubweretse kumbuyo kwa khoma la socket.
5. Ikani mawaya mu strobes ndikuwadzaza ndi matope.
6. Mu socket, finyani pulagi kuchokera kumbali ya waya. Atsogolereni waya wotuluka pakhoma kulowa mu dzenje.
7. Ikani alabasitala pang’ono kapena matope a simenti mu dzenje ndikuyika zitsulo.
8. Chotsani chotchinga kuchokera ku mawaya omwe akutuluka mu socket, vula mapeto a mawaya ndikugwirizanitsa ndi ma terminals omwe ali mkati mwa dimmer.
9. Pindani waya ngati accordion ndikuyika mkati mwa dimmer mu socket. Tsegulani zomangirazo ndikugawanitsa miyendo ya spacer. Zomangira pa zomangira.
10. Dulani gulu lakutsogolo la dimmer ku socket.
11. Lumikizani mawaya ku luminaire ndikuwona momwe owongolera amagwirira ntchito.

Akatswiri ambiri amalangiza kuyala mawaya osati strobes, koma corrugations. Zikapsa, simudzasowa kumenyetsa makoma.

Kanema pakuyika dimmer ili pansipa:
Njira yolumikizira dimmer ku 220 V:

1. Osamathimitsa magetsi. Gwiritsani ntchito chizindikiro kuti mudziwe gawo. Lemberani waya kuti musasokoneze.
2. Zimitsani magetsi ndikupitiriza kukhazikitsa.
3. Woyang’anira pamlandu ali ndi ma terminals “L” ndi “N”. Lembani gawolo kuti “L”, ziro – mpaka “N”.
4. Gwirani mawaya mwamphamvu – pangani kulumikizana kodalirika. Gwiritsani ntchito zomangira kuti muchepetse thupi la dimmer, konzani gulu ndikuyesa chipangizocho.

Kudyera masuku pamutu

Dimmers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha nyali zapadera za LED – zozimitsa. Nyali wamba za LED sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi chowongolera chamagetsi. Mukalumikiza nyali ya LED yosazimitsidwa ndi dimmer, imangogwedezeka, kuyatsa ndi kuzimitsa. Ndizosatheka kusintha kuwala kwake, kumatha kupsa. Nyali zozimitsidwa ndizosavuta kuzizindikira ndi zolembera zoyenera pazopaka. Pali nyali za LED momwe muli capacitor yozimitsa. Zitha kusinthidwa, koma pang’onopang’ono, kotero siziyeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dimmer. Kuti zikhale zomveka pogula chowongolera, chigwiritseni ntchito ndi nyali zozimitsa. Mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito ma dimmers:

• Kuwongolera kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pali ma dimmers ochiritsira komanso kudzera. Chifukwa cha zotsirizirazi, mukhoza kulamulira nyali kuchokera kuzipinda zosiyanasiyana.
• Zozimitsa zokha. Dimmers za ma chandeliers ndi nyali zina sizingamangidwe kokha mu timer, komanso zimapereka mapulogalamu. Amaloledwanso kulumikizidwa ndi mafoni. Mwa kukonza mitundu yowala nthawi zosiyanasiyana za tsiku, simungataye nthawi pakusintha.
• Kuwongolera kutali. Zimakuthandizani kuti musinthe kuwala kwa kuwala m’njira zosiyanasiyana – ndi mawu kapena kuwongolera kutali.
• Kuwongolera kwa Wi-Fi. Mutha kusintha kuwala m’nyumba mwanu kuchokera kulikonse padziko lapansi. Amachita izi kudzera pa smartphone, piritsi, ndi zina.
• Kusintha kwa kutentha kwamtundu. Kuwala kukasintha, mtundu wa radiation umasinthanso. Kuwala kochokera ku nyali kumakhala kosiyana. Kutentha kwamtundu kumasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku 2,700 K mpaka 1,500 K – uku ndi kuyerekezera.

Opanga Pamwamba

Dimmer ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chapamwamba kwambiri chomwe sichingasungidwe. Zida zotsika mtengo zaku China ndizosadalirika ndipo zimatha kulephera nthawi iliyonse. Opanga ma dimmer otchuka kwambiri ali ku Western Europe.

Legrand

Kampani yakale kwambiri yaku France iyi imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri pakati pa opanga zinthu zamagetsi. Mtunduwu ndiwodziwika kwambiri ku Russia. Zogulitsa za Legrand zimagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi.
Mitundu yambiri imaphatikizapo ma dimmers kuchokera ku zitsanzo za bajeti kupita ku kalasi yapamwamba. Mtengo wa mitundu ya rotary-push ndi ma ruble 2-6,000. Zipangizo zimasiyana ndi mapangidwe a laconic komanso apamwamba kwambiri.

Zotsatira Schneider Electric

Wopanga uyu alinso ndi a French. Kampaniyi ndi yotchuka chifukwa chaukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wamagetsi. Lakhala likukhazikitsa mafashoni ndi miyezo ya zinthu zamagetsi ku Europe kwa zaka zambiri. Mtunduwu uli ndi mafakitale angapo ku Russian Federation, ndipo zogulitsa zake zikufunika padziko lonse lapansi.
Ma dimmers a Rotary ndi rotary-push kuchokera ku Schneider Electric, omangidwa mkati ndi pamwamba, angagulidwe pafupifupi ma ruble 3-5 zikwi.

ABB

Kampaniyo ikuyimira kupanga kophatikizana kwa Sweden-Swiss ndipo ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zaumisiri wamagetsi. Kampaniyo yakhala ikugwira ntchito pamsika kwazaka za zana lachiwiri. Imayambitsa ukadaulo wapamwamba ndikugulitsa zinthu zake padziko lonse lapansi. Mtengo wapakati wa ma dimmers a ABB ndi pafupifupi ma ruble 9,000.

Momwe mungapangire dimmer ndi manja anu?

Ndi chitsulo chosungunulira komanso luso lochepa pogwira ntchito ndi mabwalo amagetsi, mutha kudzipangira nokha. Kwa oyambitsa wailesi amateur, mwachitsanzo, dimmer dimmer ya nyali za 220 V LED ndiyoyenera:
Mfundo yoyendetsera dera yomwe mungasonkhanitse:

• voteji kudzera pa rheostat yosinthika imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku capacitor;
• C1 imapereka ndalama zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ku nyali – idzawala ndi kuwala koyenera.

Momwe mungasonkhanitsire dera:

1. Tengani bolodi la textolite ndikujambula chithunzi chozungulira. Iyenera kusonyeza momveka bwino malo a zigawo zonse.
2. Dulani mabowo mu bolodi ndi kubowola woonda – kwa miyendo ya resistors, capacitors ndi zinthu zina dera.
3. Ikani miyendo ya zigawo za wailesi mumabowo, tembenuzirani bolodi ndikugulitsa zigawozo. Malinga ndi chithunzicho, gwirizanitsani miyendo ndi waya wamkuwa – imalowa m’malo mwa njira zachikhalidwe.
4. Zinthu zonse zikagulitsidwa, yesani dera lomwe likugwira ntchito. Tengani katiriji ndi mawaya ndi kupukuta nyali mmenemo. Lumikizani mawaya ku chithunzi. Ngati dera lasonkhanitsidwa bwino, wowongolera adzagwira ntchito atagwiritsa ntchito magetsi.
5. Tembenuzani chosinthira chokana chosinthika molunjika komanso mopingasa. Pamenepa, kuwala kwa nyali kudzasintha. Pamene wowongolera asinthidwa ku malo amodzi owopsa, nyali idzazima.

Kanema wa msonkhano wa Controller:
Zopotoka zonse ziyenera kukhala insulated. Osakhudza mbali poyesa – izi ndizowopsa. Ngati nyumba yanu ilibe nyali za LED ndi zokonza, ndipo mwatsala pang’ono kuziyika, ganizirani kukhazikitsa dimmer. Izi zidzakulolani kuti musachepetse kuwala, komanso kuti mupange zowunikira zosiyanasiyana pokongoletsa mkati.