Lwaki ettaala ya LED eyaka era ogonjoola otya ekizibu?

Okumyansa n’okumyansa kw’amataala ga LED tekikoma ku butasanyusa maaso, wabula era kya bulabe. Ensonga eziviirako ekintu kino ekiteetaagibwa ziri mu mutindo omutono ogw’amataala ga LED ne mu nkola y’ensonga ez’ebweru. Mu ngeri yonna, kikulu okuzuula ekivaako okuwuuma n’okukimalawo.

Ebivaako okumyansa nga switch eyaka

Singa ettaala ya LED eyaka amangu ddala ng’emaze okukoleeza, olwo wabaawo obuzibu mu kifaananyi kya waya. Mu bimu ku bisinga okuvaako LED okumyansa kwe kuteekebwa ku mutindo omubi. Singa contacts ne circuit elements tezitereezebwa bulungi, ebizibu eby’enjawulo biyinza okubaawo nga bikola, omuli okumyansa.

Bw’oba ​​oyungako waya, lowooza ku polarity – okusinziira ku langi ewandiikiddwa ku waya. Bw’oba ​​oteeka amataala mu bizimbe ebikadde, kozesa multimeter okuzuula kondakita za phase ne neutral. Singa waya eba nkyamu, wabaawo vvulovumenti entono mu circuit ekivaako ettaala okumyansa.

Oluvannyuma lw’okukoleeza, amataala ga LED tegasobola kukoma ku kumyansa, wabula n’okwokya ennyo ekimala. Singa ettaala ya LED eyaka bulungi, ekintu ky’olina okusooka okukola kwe kukebera voltage level mu network ng’ogiyungako ettaala endala.

Voltage entono

Okupima vvulovumenti mu mains, kozesa ebipima eby’enjawulo – multimeters oba voltmeters. Singa omuwendo mu bbanga lya 215-225 V gulabika ku kiraga / minzaani, olwo buli kimu kiba mu nteeko. Okukyama kwa 5 V si kikulu nnyo.

Ezitakka wansi wa 200 V oba ezisukka mu 230 V ziraga obuzibu ku vvulovumenti ya mains era nga zeetaaga okugonjoola amangu. Tuukirira abakugu – mu ofiisi y’amayumba oba ekitongole ekikola ku kuddaabiriza emikutu gy’amasannyalaze. Abakugu bajja kupima n’okutereeza enkola ya tulansifooma ku substation.

Singa ttiimu eddaabiriza tesobola kukakasa nti vvulovumenti etuukana n’ebyetaago bya PUE, kyetaagisa okussaamu ekikoma ku kasasiro oba ekitereeza vvulovumenti mu nkulungo.

Obulung’amu bw’okusengejja obutamala

Mu ttaala z’Abachina eza layisi, n’oluusi ez’awaka, ddereeva omujjuvu azimbibwa ku musingi gwa circuit ennyangu. Engeri obutamala bulungi kusengejja gye buleeta okumyansa kw’ettaala ya LED:

1. Ddereeva alina omutala gwa dayode D1-D4. A smoothing capacitive filter C2 – Rf eyungibwa mu series nayo. Voltage eyingizibwa ekendeezebwa okutuuka ku muwendo ogweyagaza mu circuit ya resistor-capacitor (quenching resistor Rg ne smoothing capacitor C1).
2. Omusengejja mu mutindo gumalawo ekiwujjo ekisigadde ekya kasasiro ekitereezebwa omutala gwa dayoodi, singa omukutu guba ne vvulovumenti eya bulijjo. Naye omutala tegusobola kugonza maloboozi ga impulse, ekivaako okumyansa.
3. Ku kukyama okutono okwa vvulovumenti eyingizibwa okuva ku miwendo egyalagirwa – olw’obugulumivu bw’engeri ya kasasiro-vvulovumenti – waliwo enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu kasasiro. Kino kikosa amangu ddala okumasamasa kw’ekitangaala.

Osobola okutereeza embeera ng’oyongera ku nsonga y’okugonza ekisengejja. Okuva voltage etakyukakyuka bweteekebwa ku LEDs, capacitor Cd esobola okuyungibwa ku circuit mu parallel ne smoothing capacitor C1.

Ne mu bitaala eby’omutindo ogwa wakati, amasannyalaze g’ettaala ya LED ddereeva omujjuvu ng’erina ekinyweza kasasiro ekigatta (kisinga kuteekebwa mu nkola nga tukozesa enteekateeka ya pulse-width modulation scheme).

Okubeerawo kwa dimmers

Mu kusooka , dimmer (ekyuma eky’amasannyalaze ekikusobozesa okutereeza amaanyi / okumasamasa kwa LEDs) kyakolebwa okukola n’amataala agayaka. Tekola bulungi ku bika bingi eby’amataala ga LED.

Ensonga evuddeko obutakkaanya obw’ebyekikugu bwe maanyi g’omugugu agasinga obutono. Dimmer eno ebalirirwamu watts nga 50, nga kino kisinga nnyo ebikozesebwa ebisinga ebya LED.

Emirundi mingi, amataala bwe gakoleezebwa nga gayita mu dimmer, wabaawo okumyansa, okuyinza okubula ng’amaanyi gongezeddwa. Okuggyako dimmer kiyamba okugoba okuwuuma. Oluusi kimala obutateeka switch ya toggle y’ekyuma mu bifo ebisukkiridde, oba osobola okukyusa ekyuma okuva ku ludda olukulembedde okudda emabega.

Omutindo gw’ettaala omubi

Okumyansa kw’amataala ga LED kuyinza okulabika oba okutalabika eriiso ly’omuntu. Ekivaako obuzibu buno ye masannyalaze ga LED amabi, agatasobola kugonza mu mutindo vvulovumenti ya mains etereezeddwa.

Okukuba okw’amaanyi ennyo kwa bulabe eri okulaba singa ekikolwa ng’ekyo kitunuulirwa buli lunaku. Abakola amataala ga LED balina okulaga ensonga y’okuwuuma ku bintu byabwe. Mu Russia, parameter eno efugirwa SanPiN. Mu bitaala by’Abachina, esinga ku miwendo egyalangirirwa.

Kisoboka okukyusa ebipimo by’eby’ekikugu eby’ettaala z’Abachina, naye kizibu. Ebiseera ebisinga olina okuggulawo base yaabwe n’okyusa capacitor eweweeza n’ogifuula eya capacious. Ekikulu kiri nti kituukira mu kisenge ekya wansi.

Lwaki ettaala ya LED eyaka ng’ettaala evuddeko?

Ettaala za LED zirina inertia entono nnyo. Olw’ensonga eno, n’obusannyalazo obutono obuyitibwa pulsed currents obuyita mu LEDs buleetera ettaala okwaka okumala akaseera katono, nga kino mu kulaba kifaanana flash.

Ensonga eziviirako okumyansa mu mbeera ya off za njawulo, naye zonna zirina ensonga emu – current mu LEDs eweebwa okuyita mu circuits ezitagendereddwa ku kino.

Ebizibu bya waya

Singa ettaala eyaka oluvannyuma lw’ettaala okuggwaako, manya phase w’eyungiddwa okuva ku distribution block: ku relay contacts oba ku LEDs zennyini. Enkola esooka ntuufu. Singa phase eyungibwa ku ttaala ejja okuba ku potential constant, kino kijja kuleeta okumyansa.

Sikulufu eraga eyamba okuzuula phase ne zero: ettaala eyaka nga ekwata ku phase. Singa waya ziyungiddwa bulungi, era ng’ettaala ekyayaka, manya oba waliwo vvulovumenti yonna ereeteddwa mu mutimbagano.

Okulabika kw’amasannyalaze ku waya ekutuddwa ku masannyalaze ebaawo singa waya endala eyungiddwa ku masannyalaze eteekebwa okumpi nayo. Waya osobola okuziteeka mu bbugwe. Singa ettaala efugibwa switch eya bulijjo, nga tewali kitangaala, oyinza okwetaaga okukyusa waya.

Okwawula obubi waya z’amasannyalaze

Kibaawo nti nga bateeka waya z’amasannyalaze awaka, waya ziteekebwa mu strobe emu olw’obulungi bw’ebyenfuna, ate okusinziira ku mateeka zirina okuteekebwa mu mikutu egy’enjawulo. Engeri okuteeka waya mu bukyamu gye kukosaamu okumyansa kw’ettaala:

• Olw’okutaataaganyizibwa kw’amasannyalaze wakati w’enkulungo z’amasannyalaze, abakozesa ab’amaanyi bwe bayungibwa, akasannyalazo kaleetebwa mu waya eyungiddwa ku nsibuko ya vvulovumenti.
• Kibaawo nti induced current emala okucaajinga capacitors za driver n’okukoleeza ettaala ya LED okumala akaseera katono. Parasitic current yeeyongera singa omugugu gukyusakyusa sinusoidal AC voltage. Kino kinnyonnyola lwaki amataala ga LED oluusi gaaka ng’amataala gazikidde.

Embeera enyonyoddwa ya bulijjo ku byuma by’awaka eby’embalirira ebirina okukyusakyusa amasannyalaze nga tebirina ddaala eritamala ery’okukutula ebitundu byabwe eby’omunda.

Ensobi mu kuyungibwa

Ekifaananyi wansi kiraga embeera eya bulijjo ey’okukoleeza obubi circuit z’amataala, ekivaako okumyansa kw’amataala:

Ensonga esooka okulabika kwe kukozesa waya za layisi nga zirina langi y’emu ey’okuziyiza, nga mu zo kizibu okuzuula phase ne zero.

Ekirala ekivaako obuzibu kwe butagoberera nteekateeka y’okuyunga waya ya phase ku switch, eragiddwa ku ludda olwa ddyo olw’ekifaananyi. Emirundi mingi n’abakola ku by’amasannyalaze tebagoberera tteeka lino, okuva bwe kiri nti bwe bakozesa amataala agayaka, okumenya tekuleeta buzibu bwonna.

Singa bbaatule za LED zikozesebwa okutaasa , ensobi ereeta nti bulijjo zirina phase. Leakage microcurrents, ezibeerawo ne mu waya ennungi, capacitors za driver zigenda zicaajinga mpolampola, era ettaala eyaka okumala akaseera katono.

Okubeerawo kw’ettaala mu switch

Leero, switch eziriko amataala zettanirwa nnyo. Kyangu okuzisanga mu nzikiza olw’okumasamasa kwa LED ezimbiddwa mu kisumuluzo.

Nga tukyusa switch, circuit eggaddwa enkalakkalira ekolebwa. Ne masanyalaze agatali makulu agayita mu circuit gasobola okucaajinga capacitor ya dimmer, nga eno bw’efulumizibwa ku ttaala, ereetera okukoleeza okumala akaseera katono.

Engeri ennyangu ey’okugoba okuwuuma kwe kugiggyako. Okugonjoola ekizibu kino, teweetaaga kugula bitundu birala, okumala okusalako (okusalako) okukwatagana wakati w’ettaala y’emabega n’ettaala. Okumyansa kujja kubula, naye n’ettaala y’emabega ejja kuggwaawo.

Amataala ag’omutindo omubi

Ettaala za LED ez’omutindo ogwa waggulu za bbeeyi nnyo. Abakozesa bangi basinga kwagala kugula analog za layisi. Ekibi kyazo kiri ku mutindo gwa wansi. Nga zikola, amataala gano gayinza okumyansa.

Ensonga lwaki amataala ag’omutindo ogwa wansi gamyansa ye capacitors entono. Zikozesebwa mu bintu ebikolebwa mu mbalirira. Capacitor efuna charge okuyita mu diodes, nga ekivaamu okuwuuma ne kulabika.

Okuteeka ekintu eky’omutindo ogwa waggulu nga kiriko ddereeva ekiziyiza okumyansa kiyamba okutereeza embeera. Ekisembayo tekireka masannyalaze ga kitangaala kya mugongo ku bitaala bya LED.

Lwaki okumyansa kwa LED kwa bulabe?

Okumyansa ennyo kw’amataala ga LED kukosa bubi obulamu bw’abantu era kuleeta ebizibu bingi. Engeri okuwuuma gye kukosaamu omubiri:

• kireeta okweraliikirira;
• kikosa bubi embeera y’omuntu;
• kireetera amaaso obutabeera bulungi n’okukala;
• kireeta okumenyawo n’okwonooneka mu nkola y’emirimu;
• akendeeza ku kussa ebirowoozo ku kintu;
• kyongera ku bukoowu;
• kireetera omuntu obuteebaka.

Oyinza otya okuzuula ekivaako obuzibu?

Tandika okunoonya ekivaako okuwuuma ng’okebera phase – oba waya eno eyungiddwa bulungi. Kiteekwa okuyungibwa ku kimu ku bikwatagana bya switch.

Bw’okizuula nti amasannyalaze gagenda ku ttaala y’emabega, eno y’ensonga lwaki etangaala. Osobola okukebera circuit nga okozesa indicator screwdriver – manipulation eno esobola okukolebwa omuntu yenna.

Singa ekizibu kigenda mu maaso:

• kyusa switch ku analog etaliiko kitangaala kya mugongo;
• teeka akaziyiza akatono ak’amaanyi;
• kozesa ettaala eyaka.

Singa okumyansa kuddamu okulabika, kebera waya oba tewali insulation eyonoonese, contacts ezifuuse oxidized, cables eziteekeddwa okumpi n’ebirala.

Singa okumyansa kulabika mu mbeera ya switch eya on, kebera okutebenkera kwa vvulovumenti. Singa parameters zibeera ntuufu, kyusa ettaala ya LED osseemu analog ey’omutindo ogwa waggulu.

Nkole ntya singa ettaala ya LED eyaka?

Ekizibu ky’okuwuuma kisobola okugonjoolwa mu ngeri eziwerako. Emirimu gyonna egyogeddwako wansi, egivaako okugonjoola ebizibu, girina okukolebwa omukugu mu by’amasannyalaze. Okugezaako okwetongodde okukola enkyukakyuka mu nkulungo z’amasannyalaze kiyinza okuvaako okusalako ekimpi.

Lemesa diode

Ettaala za layisi tezirina byuma biziyiza okumyansa nga zizikidde. Nga tonnaggyako dayode mu switch, teekateeka seti y’ebikozesebwa:

• Sikulufu ya Phillips;
• ebipiira ebiyitibwa pliers;
• abasala waya;
• mita ya vvulovumenti.

Ekiragiro ky’emirimu:

1. Nga tonnaggyako dayoodi, ggyamu amaanyi mu kyuma okwekuuma obutakubwa masannyalaze.
2. Pima vvulovumenti okubuna ebikwatagana nga okozesa multimeter.
3. Ggyako switch eyaka. Ggyako paadi ng’ozisika wansi katono.
4. Sumulula sikulaapu ezinyweza switch ne antennae. Sala waya eyeetaagisa n’ebisala waya.

Yawula waya ya neutral

Ekizibu ky’okuwuuma kigonjoolwa mu ngeri ennyangu singa waya za neutral ne phase ziyungibwa ku switch mu kiseera kye kimu. Bagatteko ettaala. Enteekateeka y’okuyunga enkakali bwetyo ereetera ekiraga okubeera nga kyaka buli kiseera, naye ettaala ya LED ekoma okumyansa.

Okwongera ku busobozi bwa capacitor eyenkanankana

Amasannyalaze g’ettaala ya LED, agateekebwawo oluvannyuma lwa input transformer oba voltage divider, gakozesebwa okutereeza signal ekyukakyuka nga okozesa capacitor C, egongoosa ripples.

Okukendeeza ku effect ya ripple ku mutindo gwa rectified signal, yongera ku muwendo gwa equalizing capacitor. Ku nsonga eno, mu kukwatagana n’eky’oluvannyuma, gatta capacitor eyokubiri – C1.

Waliwo eky’okugonjoola ekizibu ekirala – okukyusa capacitor okudda ku ndala erimu obusobozi obusingako. Ekisembayo kikoma ku bipimo bya base byokka – ekikulu kiri nti capacitor empya eyingiramu.

Current limiting current-okuzikiza resistor

Okuteekebwamu resistor endala R1 mu series LED circuit kivaako okukendeera mu maanyi agakozesebwa ne load current. Kino kikendeeza ku maanyi g’okumasamasa kwazo n’okugonza amayengo.

Engeri y’okukendeeza ku kukuba kwa LED:

1. Kendeeza ku kasasiro ayita mu HL1-HLn circuit ebitundu 25-30%. Pima okugwa kwa vvulovumenti mu circuit ekola era okole okubalirira okutono.
2. Akasannyalazo akayita mu LED kasalibwawo okusinziira ku tteeka lya Ohm. Okumanya vvulovumenti ne resistance R \u003d 1 kOhm, current I \u003d U / R nnyangu okuzuula.
3. Nga omaze okuzuula omuwendo gwa kati, gukendeeze ebitundu nga 25% era obale obuziyiza bwonna ng’okozesa ensengekera y’emu R=U/I. Ggyako obuziyiza obusooka ku muwendo oguzuuliddwa ofune omuwendo gw’oyagala R1.
4. Londa resistance okusinziira ku maanyi agakkirizibwa. Kino kiziyiza ekizimbe okubuguma ennyo, ekiyinza okuvaako okwokya ddala.

Enkola eyo waggulu tesobola kumalawo ddala kumyansa, naye ekendeeza nnyo.

Okuyunga ebisengejja ebikolebwa awaka

Okuyunga capacitors ne chokes kisobola bulungi okulongoosa amaloboozi aga high-frequency agava ku mains okutuuka ku LED lamp power supply. Ku bavuzi abasinga okuba abangu, eky’okugonjoola kino kimala okumalawo okuwuuma.

Ebirimu mu ffilta eno:

1. Omusengejja ng’ogwo gukuŋŋaanyizibwa nga modulo ey’enjawulo, n’oluvannyuma ne gukoleezebwa mu maaso ga ddyo g’ettaala.
2. Filter tesobola kuzimbibwa mu base y’ettaala ya LED. Kikolebwa mu kkeesi ya dielectric. Kiyinza okuteekebwa wonna, naye kirungi okukiteeka butereevu mu maaso ga kkatiriji.

Ddi lw’osaanidde okuyita omusawo w’amasannyalaze?

Teweetaaga kuyita musawo wa masannyalaze okukyusa ettaala ya LED. Naye, bw’oba ​​tosobola kuzuula kivaako ttaala eyaka ku bubwo, ojja kuba olina okumuyita.

Ajja kukebera okuyungibwa, okuzuula omutindo gwa waya, okukola emirimu gyonna egyetaagisa egyetaagisa obukugu obw’ekikugu n’ekibinja ekimu eky’okugumiikiriza.

Okumyansa kw’amataala ga LED kizibu kya maanyi eri obuweerero n’obulamu bw’abantu. Kikulu okumanya ekivaako obuzibu n’okukitereeza amangu ddala nga bwe kisoboka. Okuziyiza amataala okumyansa mu nnyumba, okuteeka ebintu eby’omutindo ogwa waggulu n’okussaako waya ezisobola okukolebwako saaviisi kiyamba.