Ddereeva wa led-lamps kye ki, olonda otya n’okukebera ekyuma kino?

Circuits ez’enjawulo ez’ebyuma – ddereeva – zikusobozesa okwongera ku bulamu bwa LEDs, okufuula okumasamasa kwazo okwa kimu era okw’omutindo ogwa waggulu. Tujja kuyiga engeri ekyuma kino gye kikola, engeri gy’oyinza okukilondamu n’okukiteeka mu ngeri entuufu, n’engeri gy’okikoleramu ggwe kennyini.

Ddereeva kye ki era lwaki yeetaagibwa?

LEDs zikwata nnyo enkyukakyuka mu parameters za mains, kale ziyungibwa ku network nga ziyita mu driver – ekyuma eky’amasannyalaze ekifuga current ne voltage. Mu ngeri entuufu, ddereeva w’ettaala ya led alondebwa ng’alina margin y’amaanyi era ng’alowooza ku bbanga lya vvulovumenti efuluma ne kasasiro. Singa parameters zaayo tezikwatagana na kyuma kya LED, kijja kufuuka ekitakozesebwa, kijja kuba kirina okusuulibwa.

Omusingi gw’okukola, circuit ya classic n’enjawulo okuva ku power supply

Newankubadde ddereeva atera okuyitibwa agaba amasannyalaze, waliwo enjawulo wakati w’ebintu bino ebibiri. Ddereeva nsibuko ya kasasiro ekuuma omuwendo gwayo ogutakyukakyuka okuyita mu LED, ate amasannyalaze gakuuma vvulovumenti enywevu. Lowooza ku ngeri amasannyalaze gy’ekola ku kyokulabirako ekigere:

• Gatta resistance (R) eya 40 ohms ku source ya 12 V.
• Leka current (I) eya 300 mA eyite mu resistor. Nga resistors bbiri ziteekeddwamu, current ejja kukubisaamu emirundi ebiri okutuuka ku 600 mA. Mu mbeera eno, vvulovumenti tejja kukyuka, okuva bwe kiri nti erina enkolagana ey’ekigerageranyo ne kasasiro ne resistance (etteeka lya Ohm I \u003d U / R).

Kati ka tulabe ddereeva bw’akola:

• Leka resistor ya 30 Ω (R) eyingibwe mu circuit nga erina driver ya 225 mA.
• Singa, ku vvulovumenti (U) eya 12 V, resistors bbiri eza 30 Ohm eziyungiddwa mu parallel ziyungibwa, current ejja kusigala nga y’emu – 225 mA, era voltage ejja kufuuka kitundu kya – 6 V.

Ddereeva atuuka ekiseera n’awa omugugu akasannyalazo akafuluma akaweereddwa, awatali kufaayo ku maanyi agakulukuta. N’olwekyo, LEDs, ezigenda okuweebwa ne vvulovumenti ya 6 V, zijja kwaka nnyo nga bwe zirina ensibuko ya 10 V, singa eddaala lya kasasiro eriweereddwa liteekebwako. LED
driver circuit: Ddereeva circuit erimu node ssatu eziyungiddwa ku ndala:

• capacitance ey’okwawula vvulovumenti;
• modulo y’okutereeza;
• ekitereeza.

Engeri circuit gy’ekolamu:

1. Kasannyalazo bw’eyita, capacitor C ejjula okutuusa lw’ejjula. Obusobozi bwayo gye bukoma okuba obutono, gye bukoma okucaajinga amangu.
2. Alternating current ekyusibwa okudda mu pulsating. Ekitundu ekisooka eky’amayengo kiweweevu nga bwe kiyita mu kapasita C.
3. Electrolytic capacitor emaliriza circuit ekola nga smoothing filter-stabilizer.

Ebikwata ku nsonga eno

Bw’oba ​​ogula ettaala ya LED, oyinza okwetaaga okugula ddereeva singa ekyuma ekitangaaza tekiba na kikyusa kasasiro. Ebikulu ebiraga nti:

• akasannyalazo akafuluma, A;
• amaanyi agakola, W;
• vvulovumenti efuluma, V.

Voltage efuluma eyinza okwawukana. Kisinziira ku nteekateeka y’okuyunga amasannyalaze n’omuwendo gwa LED. Omutendera gw’okumasamasa n’amaanyi gusinziira ku bunene bwa kasasiro. Okusobola dayoodi okwaka obulungi so si kuzikira, akasannyalazo akafuluma mu ddereeva kakuumibwa ku ddaala eriweereddwa. Amaanyi g’ekikyusa galina okuba nga gasingako katono okusinga omuwendo gwonna ogwa watts eza dayoodi zonna. Okubala amaanyi ga ddereeva, ensengekera ekozesebwa: P \u003d P (led) × X nga:

• P (led) ge maanyi ga LED emu;
• X gwe muwendo gwa dayoodi.

Singa amaanyi agabaliriddwa gafuuka 10 W, ddereeva alina okutwalibwa n’omuwendo gwa 20-30%.

Ebika bya baddereeva

Baddereeva bonna baawulwamu okusinziira ku misingi esatu – okusinziira ku nkola y’okutebenkeza, ebifaananyi bya dizayini n’okubeerawo / obutabaawo kwa bukuumi. Ka twekenneenye mu bujjuvu eby’okulonda byonna.

Linear ne impulse

Okusinziira ku nkulungo y’okutebenkeza (current stabilization circuit), baddereeva zigabanyizibwamu ebika bibiri – linear ne pulse. Zaawukana mu nkola y’okukola n’okukola obulungi. Nga tebannaba kukola circuit ya electronic ya ddereeva, omulimu gwateekebwawo – okukakasa emiwendo egy’enkalakkalira egya current ne voltage ewereddwa ku crystal (LED). Enkola ennyangu era esinga obuseere kwe kussaamu limiting resistor mu circuit. Enteekateeka y’amaanyi ga linear:
Circuit eno eya elementary tesobola kuwa automatic current maintenance. Nga vvulovumenti yeeyongera, ekula mu kigerageranyo era, bwe kisukka omuwendo ogukkirizibwa, kirisitaalo ejja kugwa olw’okubuguma ennyo. Okufuga okusingawo okuzibu kukolebwa nga kussaamu ttansisita mu nkulungo. Ekizibu kya nkulungo ya layini kwe kukendeera kw’amaanyi nga vvulovumenti yeeyongera. Enkola eno ekola nga okozesa ensonda za led ez’amaanyi amatono, naye nga okozesa LED ez’amaanyi amangi, circuit ng’ezo tezikozesebwa. Ebirungi ebiri mu nteekateeka ya linear:

• obwangu;
• obuseere;
• okwesigika okw’enjawulo.

Awamu ne linear circuits, current ne voltage bisobola okutebenkeza nga pulse stabilization:

• oluvannyuma lw’okunyiga bbaatuuni, capacitor efuna chajingi;
• oluvannyuma lw’okufulumya, capacitor efulumya, ne kiwa amasoboza agaterekeddwa eri elementi ya semiconductor (LED), etandika okufulumya ekitangaala;
• singa vvulovumenti erinnya, olwo obudde bw’okucaajinga bwa capacitor bukendeera, singa egwa, yeeyongera.

Omukozesa talina kunyiga bbaatuuni – ebyuma bimukolera buli kimu. Omulimu gw’enkola ya button mu bikozesebwa eby’amasannyalaze eby’omulembe gukolebwa semikondokita – thyristors oba transistors. Enkola elowoozebwako ey’okukola eyitibwa pulse-width modulation mu byuma bikalimagezi. Okulongoosebwa amakumi n’enkumi n’enkumi kuyinza okubaawo buli sikonda. Obulung’amu bw’enteekateeka ng’eno butuuka ku bitundu 95%. Enteekateeka ennyangu ey’okutebenkeza impulse:

Ebyuma bikalimagezi, dimmable ne capacitor based

Obunene bw’okukozesebwa kwayo n’engeri y’okukolamu bisinziira ku musingi gw’ekyuma ekivuga. Ebika bya baddereeva okusinziira ku musingi gw’ekyuma:

• Ebyuma bikalimagezi. Circuits zaabwe zirina okukozesa transistor. Capacitor eteekebwa ku output, okumalawo oba waakiri okugonza current ripples. Ebikyusa ebyuma bisobola okutebenkeza amasannyalaze agatuuka ku 750 mA. Ddereeva ez’ekika ky’ebyuma tezitawaana na biwujjo byokka, naye era n’okutaataaganyizibwa kw’amasannyalaze okwa frequency enkulu okuleetebwa ebyuma by’amasannyalaze (leediyo, TV, router, n’ebirala). Minimize interference kisobozesa okubeerawo kwa capacitor ey’enjawulo eya ceramic. Minus ya electronic driver ye ssente ennyingi, nga kwogasse n’obulungi buba kumpi ne 95%. Zikozesebwa mu bitaala eby’amaanyi ebiyitibwa led-lamps: amataala g’emmotoka, amataala aga spotlights, amataala g’oku nguudo.
• Eyinza okuzikira. Ekintu ekimu ku baddereeva ezisobola okuzikira kwe kuba n’obusobozi bw’okufuga okwakaayakana kw’ettaala. Ennongoosereza eno yeesigamiziddwa ku nkyukakyuka mu kasasiro afuluma, esalawo okumasamasa kw’ekitangaala ekifuluma. Ddereeva asobola okuteekebwa mu circuit mu ngeri bbiri: wakati w’ettaala ne stabilizer oba wakati w’ensibuko y’amasannyalaze ne converter.
• Capacitor okusinziira ku. Zino ze mmotoka ezitali za bbeeyi ezikozesebwa ku bikozesebwa mu kukola LED eby’ebbeeyi entono. Singa omukozi teyawaayo capacitor egonza mu circuit, olwo ripple etunuulirwa ku output. Ekizibu ekirala kwe butabeera na bukuumi. Enkizo ya models nga zino ye efficiency eya waggulu, tending to 100%, n’obwangu bwa circuit. Baddereeva ng’abo kyangu okukuŋŋaanya n’emikono gyo.

Ebivuga bya capacitor bisobola okuleeta okuwuuma n’olwekyo tebisaanidde kukozesebwa na byuma eby’omunda. Okuwuuma kukosa bubi okulaba n’okunyiiza obusimu.

Nga balina omubiri n’abataliiko

Ddereeva ayinza okuteekebwa oba obutateekebwa munda mu kkeesi ey’obukuumi. Ebikozesebwa mu byuma bikalimagezi biba mu bulabe bw’ebintu bingi eby’ebweru, n’olwekyo okuteeka ddereeva mu kkeesi kitwalibwa ng’ekintu ekyesigika ennyo. Ennyumba eno ekuuma ekikyusa ebyuma okuva ku bunnyogovu, enfuufu, omusana obutereevu n’ebirala Ebika ebitali bipakiddwa biba bya buseere, naye biba n’obulamu obutono ate nga binywevu mu kukola. Zisinga kusaanira ku flush mounting.

Ekisinga obulungi nga tebannaba kukwana

Ddereeva aweebwa ekipimo okumala essaawa nga 30,000. Kino kitono nnyo okusinga obulamu obubalirirwamu obw’ebintu bingi ebiteekebwamu LED. Okukendeera ng’okwo kukwatagana n’ensonga ezitali nnungi ekitebenkeza ekiriwo kati mwe kirina okukola. Ekikosa obubi enkola ya ddereeva:

• amaanyi agakulukuta;
• enkyukakyuka mu bbugumu ne/oba obunnyogovu.

Singa ekyuma kya 200 W kitikkibwako 100 W, olwo ebitundu 50% ku muwendo ogw’erinnya biddizibwa ku mutimbagano. Kino kiyinza okuvaako okutikka ennyo n’okugwa kw’amasannyalaze.

Obulamu bwa ddereeva bukoma ku bulamu bwa capacitor egonza. Ekiseera bwe kigenda kiyitawo, ekirungo kino kifuumuuka mu kyo, era ekyuma ekyo ne kiremererwa.

Okusobola okuwangaaza ddereeva ng’akola, erina okukolebwa mu bisenge ebirimu obunnyogovu obwa bulijjo (obutali bwa waggulu), era ng’eyungiddwa ku mutimbagano ogulina vvulovumenti ey’omutindo ogwa waggulu awatali kuwuuma.

Olonda otya ddereeva ku ttaala ya LED?

Bwe ziyungibwa ku kitereeza akasannyalazo, semikondokita zifuna amaanyi ge zeetaaga ne zituuka ku mpisa zazo ez’erinnya. Obulamu bwa dayoodi businziira ku ngeri ddereeva gy’alondebwamu obulungi. Parameters ki z’olina okussaako essira:

• Amaanyi. Kisalawo omugugu ogusinga obunene ogukkirizibwa ekyuma kye kikoleddwa. Okugeza, okuteeka akabonero (20×26)x1W kitegeeza nti okuva ku LED 20 okutuuka ku 26 zisobola okuyungibwa ku ddereeva omulundi gumu, nga buli emu erina amaanyi ga 1 W.
• Current ne voltage (emiwendo egy’erinnya). Abakola balaga parameter eno ku buli LED, y’eyo ddereeva y’alondebwa. Singa current esinga obunene eba 350mA, amasannyalaze aga 300-330mA galina okuyungibwa. Amasannyalaze agakola bwe gatyo gakusobozesa okukakasa obulamu bw’ettaala, obuweebwa omukozi.
• Ekibiina ky’obukuumi. Kisinziira ku kiraga kino awali ddala amataala we gasobola okukozesebwa – ebweru oba munda. Ekika ky’okuziyiza obunnyogovu n’okunywezebwa kiragibwa n’ennukuta IP era kiragibwa mu namba bbiri. Digito esooka ekozesebwa okusalawo obukuumi okuva ku butundutundu obugumu (enfuufu, obucaafu, omusenyu, ice), eyokubiri – okuva mu mikutu gy’amazzi. Ekika ky’obukuumi tekiraga bbugumu ekitangaala kwe kiyinza okukozesebwa.
• Fuleemu. Ddereeva asobola okuba n’ekyuma ekiggule ekirimu ebituli oba ekiggaddwa. Mu mbeera eyokubiri, ekyuma ekyo kiteekebwa mu kibokisi eky’ekyuma. Okukozesebwa awaka, kkeesi y’akaveera etaliiko ssimu esaanira.
• Omusingi gw’okukola emirimu. Resistor ekoma temalawo nkyukakyuka za vvulovumenti mu mains era tekuuma maloboozi ga impulse. Enkyukakyuka entonotono mu vvulovumenti ereetera akasannyalazo okulinnya okw’amangu. Linear regulators zitwalibwa nga ezitesigika era nga zikola bulungi obutono, switching circuits ze zisinga okwettanirwa.

Okebera otya oba kikola?

Okukebera ddereeva nga talina load, kimala okusiiga 220 V ku input ya block.Singa ekyuma kikola bulungi, constant voltage ejja kulabika ku output. Omuwendo gwayo gujja kuba munene katono okusinga ku kkomo erya waggulu eriragiddwa ku lupapula lwa ddereeva. Singa, okugeza, ekinyweza kiba n’obuwanvu bwa 27-37 V, olwo ekifuluma kirina okuba nga 40 V. Okukuuma akasannyalazo mu bbanga eriweereddwa, nga obuziyiza bw’omugugu bweyongera (butera okutuuka ku butakoma awatali mutwalo), vvulovumenti era ekula okutuuka ku kkomo erigere. Enkola eno ey’okukakasa nnyangu era etuukirirwa, naye tekkiriza kuggya bigambo bitaliimu kubuusabuusa ku nkola y’ekyuma 100%. Waliwo baddereeva nga bwe bamala okukoleezebwa nga tebalina kitiibwa, tebatandika oba okweyisa mu ngeri etategeerekeka. Enkola eyokubiri ey’okukebera:

1. Gatta resistor ku output ya driver, olonde resistance yaayo okusinziira ku tteeka lya Ohm. Okugeza, amaanyi ga ddereeva gali 20 W, current efuluma eri 600 mA, voltage eri 25-35 V. Resistance eyagala ejja kuba 38-58 ohms.
2. Londa resistance okuva mu range eragiddwa era nga erina amaanyi agasaanira. Ne bwe kiba kitono, olwo kino kimala nnyo okukakasa.
3. Gatta resistor era opimire output voltage ne tester. Bwe kiba mu kkomo eryalagirwa, olwo ddereeva aba mazima ddala akola.

Nga onoonya ebimenya, kyetaagisa okulowooza ku musingi gw’enteekateeka ya nkulungo. Mu nkulungo za linear ne pulse, okumenya kuyinza okukwatagana n’ebizibu ebimu. Obuzibu obuyinza okubaawo:

• Mu linear stabilizers , pair ya resistors ezirina resistance ya 5 ku 100 ohms zikozesebwa okukuuma okuva ku voltage okugwa. Ekimu kiri ku input ya diode bridge, ekyokubiri kiri ku output. Okukendeeza ku kuwuuma, capacitor-electrolyte ey’obusobozi obusingako ekolebwa mu parallel n’omugugu. Okulemererwa kwa linear driver kuyinza okukwatagana n’okwokya kwa resistors emu oba bbiri ezikuuma omulundi gumu.
• Mu bikyusa kasasiro wa pulse, microcircuits zikuumibwa okuva ku overload, overheating ne overvoltage era, mu ndowooza, teziyinza kumenya. Mu butuufu, microcircuit yonna naddala mu baddereeva ezikolebwa mu China esobola okufuuka ezitakozesebwa. Obuzibu bweyongera olw’okuba chips nnyingi ez’Abachina zizibu okufuna ezidda mu kifo kyazo. Ebimu ku byo tebisobola kubisanga wadde ku Intaneeti.

Okuyungibwa

Okuyunga ddereeva ku LED tekireetera bakozesa buzibu, okuva bwe kiri nti ku mubiri gwayo waliwo akabonero ekyetaagisa. Engeri y’okuyungamu ddereeva:

1. Teeka vvulovumenti eyingizibwa ku waya eziyingiza (INPUT).
2. Gatta LED ku waya ezifuluma (OUTPUT).

Bw’oba ​​oyunga, weetegereze polarity:

• Okuyingiza kwa polari (INPUT). Singa ddereeva akola vvulovumenti etakyukakyuka, olwo kwata ekifuluma “+” ku kikondo kye kimu eky’ensibuko y’amasannyalaze. Voltage bw’eba AC, weetegereze obubonero obuli ku waya eziyingiza. Waliwo engeri bbiri ez’okukolamu:
  • “L” ne “N”. Siiga phase ku output “L” (gizuule ne indicator screwdriver), ku “N” – zero.
  • “~”, “AC” oba tewali bubonero – tosobola kwetegereza polarity.
• Okufuluma kwa polari (OUTPUT). Weetegereze polarity ekiseera kyonna. Gatta waya ya “+” ku anode ya 1st LED, “-” ku cathode y’esembayo. Semikondokita zonna ziyungibwa mu lunyiriri – anodi y’eddako eyungibwa ku katodi y’eyo emabega.

Waliwo enkola eyokubiri ey’okuyunga LEDs – enjegere eziwerako ezirimu omuwendo ogw’enkanankana ogwa dayoodi ziyungibwa mu parallel. Bwe ziyungibwa mu lunyiriri, elementi zonna zimasamasa kye kimu, nga zirina enkyusa ekwatagana, layini ziyinza okuba n’okumasamasa okw’enjawulo.

Okola otya ddereeva w’ettaala ya LED n’emikono gyo?

Ddereeva osobola okugikola okuva mu chajingi y’essimu enkadde. Kyetaagisa okukola enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka ku chip. Ekintu ekikolebwa awaka ng’ekyo kimala okukola amaanyi ku LED 3 nga buli emu erina amaanyi ga 1 W. Lowooza ku mutendera ku mutendera ku kukungaanya ddereeva okuva ku chajingi y’essimu:

1. Ggyako keesi mu chajingi.
2. Ng’okozesa ekyuma ekikuba essimu, ggyawo resistor ekoma ku vvulovumenti ewereddwa ku ssimu.
3. Mu kifo kya resistor eya solder, teeka resistor ya tuning. Kiteeke ku 5,000 ohms.
4. Solder LEDs mu series ku mukutu ogufuluma.
5. Sumulula emikutu gy’okuyingiza era mu kifo ky’ekyo solder omuguwa gw’amasannyalaze ogwa 220V.
6. Kebera enkola ya circuit nga oteeka voltage ku resistor ne regulator diodes ziyoke bulungi, naye nga tezikyusa langi.

Bw’oba ​​okola omulimu gw’okukola omuvubi okuva ku chajingi, olina okugoberera amateeka agakwata ku byokwerinda. Bw’okwata ku bitundu ebitaliiko kintu kyonna, osobola okukubwa amasannyalaze ag’amaanyi.

Ddereeva nayo asobola okuzimbibwa okuva ku ntandikwa. Okukola kino, weetaaga soldering iron, tester, waya ne integrated stabilizer KR142EN12A (oba analogue foreign – LM317), eyinza okugulibwa ku store yonna ey’enjawulo ku 20 rubles.The parameters of the purchased microcircuit are 40 V and 1.5 A current.Erina obukuumi obuzimbibwamu overload, overheating ne short circuit. Microcircuit enyweza vvulovumenti, ate ddereeva yenkanankana ne kasasiro, kale ojja kwetaaga okukola enkyukakyuka mu circuit eya bulijjo ey’okuyunga microcircuit. Ddereeva ku stabilizer eyungiddwa:
Mu mbeera eno, omulimu gwa microcircuit kwe kulungamya, olw’ekyo current ejja kukuumibwa ku ddaala eryetaagisa. Omuwendo gwa kasasiro gusalibwawo resistance ya resistor R1. Omuwendo gwayo ogw’erinnya gubalibwa n’ensengekera: R = 1.2 / I, nga:

• R – okuziyiza, Ohm;
• I – kati, A.

Ekiragiro ky’okuzimba ddereeva:

1. Kuŋŋaanya ekitereeza amasannyalaze ga 9.9 V nga kiriko kasasiro wa 300 mA. Olwo R1 \u003d 1.2 / 0.3 \u003d 4 ohms. Amaanyi ga resistor – okuva ku watts 4. Osobola okutwala resistors ezikozesebwa mu TV. Era osobola okuzigula mu maduuka. Amaanyi ga elementi zino gali 2 W, obuziyiza buba 1-2 ohms.
2. Gatta resistors mu series. Resistance yaabwe ejja kugatta era ejja kwenkana 2-4 ohms.
3. Teeka chip ku heatsink era oyunge circuit ya series-connected diodes ku output ya driver. Weetegereze polarity nga oyunga LEDs.
4. Teeka voltage etakyukakyuka eya 12-40 V ku input (ekyuma kino kikoleddwa ku 9.9 V, kale tukitwala ne margin). Tekisaana kusukka muwendo gwa kkomo – microcircuit eyinza okwokya. Voltage ewereddwa eyinza obutatebenkeza. Osobola okukozesa bbaatule y’emmotoka, amasannyalaze ga laptop oba tulansifooma ekka wansi ng’erina bridge ya dayode. Gatta ddereeva, weetegereze polarity – omulimu guwedde.

Olw’abavuzi, kisoboka obutakoma ku kulongoosa mutindo gwa amataala ga LED, wabula n’okukakasa nti zikola ebbanga eddene nga tezisalako. Okusinziira ku ssente ezisaasaanyizibwa ku bikozesebwa ebya LED, okukozesa baddereeva kifuuka eky’okugonjoola ekizibu ekitali kya ssente nnyingi.