Dizayini n’omusingi gw’enkola ya baddereeva ku bitaala bya LED

Ddereeva byuma bya njawulo ebikakasa nti amataala ga LED gakola bulungi. Awatali zo, dayoodi tezinywevu era zigwa mangu. Tugenda kuyiga engeri baddereeva gye bategekebwamu n’engeri gye bakolamu.

Lwaki ddereeva wa LED?

LED zikekkereza nnyo amaanyi era ziwangaala okusinga bbaatule eziyaka. Zisobola okukola okumala emyaka ne zikozesa amasannyalaze matono emirundi egiwerako okusinga bbaatule eza bulijjo, nga zirina amasannyalaze aganywevu, ddereeva ky’avunaanyizibwako.
LEDs zikwata nnyo amaanyi agaweebwa ku biyingizibwa byabwe. Tezitya miwendo gya wansi, naye okweyongera kwa vvulovumenti ne kasasiro tebisobola kukoma ku kukendeeza nnyo ku by’obugagga bya semikondokita, naye era bibalemesa. Omulimu gwa ddereeva kwe kuwa LEDs current enywevu. Ddereeva w’amataala ga LED – amasannyalaze. Ye nkulungo y’obusannyalazo, ekifuluma nga kasannyalazo akatali kakyukakyuka ak’omuwendo oguweereddwa.

Okusobola okukola elementi za LED okumala ebbanga eddene era mu ngeri ennungi, okwokya ennyo era nga teziwunyiriza, akasannyalazo ak’omuwendo ogw’engeri eno akalagiddwa mu lupapula lw’eby’ekikugu olwa elementi ya semikondokita bulina okukulukuta mu LED.

Ddereeva za LED eziweebwa abakola zikoleddwa ku vvulovumenti za 10, 12, 24, 220 V ne direct currents eza 350 mA, 700 mA, 1 A. Ebiseera ebisinga, ddereeva zikolebwa ku bikozesebwa ebitongole, naye waliwo n’ebyuma ebitundibwa nga bituukira ddala ebisinga obungi LED- ebintu okuva mu bika ebimanyiddwa. Ebitebenkeza ebiriwo kati bikozesebwa mu:

• enkola z’amataala g’oku nguudo n’awaka;
• amataala ga ofiisi ku mmeeza;
• Emiguwa gya LED n’amataala ag’okuyooyoota.

Baddereeva bakyusa okwakaayakana ne langi ya LED. Kino kikolebwa nga okozesa enkokola oba remote control. Ettaala ya LED etaliiko ddereeva tenywevu era eri mu bulabe bw’okugwa amangu.

Omusingi gw’okukola emirimu

Voltage eteekebwa ku input ya LED driver, eyinza okwawukana. Current eyita mu resistances R1 ne R3, n’efuna omuwendo ogweyagaza, era capacitor C1 n’eteeka frequency yaayo. Alternating current, okufuna parameters eziteekeddwawo, eyingira mu diode bridge. Nga eyitira mu rectifier eno, current ekyusibwa okuva mu alternating okudda mu direct. Ekirala, parameters zaayo zitereezebwa resistors R2 ne R4 ne capacitor C2. Mu ngeri eno, obutuufu obusinga obunene obw’ebipimo by’amasannyalaze agafuluma butuukibwako. Ekifaananyi ky’ekitundu ky’amasannyalaze eky’ekyuma:

Ebika bya baddereeva okusinziira ku musingi gw’okukola

Ddereeva zonna eza LED zigabanyizibwamu linear ne pulsed. Buli kibinja kirina ebirungi byakyo, ebibi n’ebiteeso byakyo eby’okukozesa. Okugerageranya ekikyusa amasannyalaze aga linear ne pulse current:

Linear

Okusinziira ku linear circuit, baddereeva ezisinga okuba ennyangu ez’ettaala ya LED zitondebwawo. Nga ekintu ekitebenkeza, resistor ekoma nga erina resistance ekyukakyuka ekozesebwa. Mu ddereeva w’amakolero, “yingini” ya resistor efugibwa si muntu, wabula ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu byuma bikalimagezi. Singa vvulovumenti erinnya okutuuka ku miwendo egy’omugaso, akasannyalazo nalyo katandika okulinnya, era bw’etuuka ku muwendo ogutakkirizibwa, LED ebuguma nnyo oluvannyuma n’esaanawo. Mu circuit ezisingako obuzibu, transistors zikozesebwa okulungamya current. Ekizibu kya nkulungo ya layini kwe kufiirwa kw’amaanyi amangi, okuva nga vvulovumenti yeeyongera, okusaasaana kwayo okutaliimu mugaso kweyongera. Ekizibu ekifaananako bwe kityo kikkirizibwa okuggyako amataala agakozesa amaanyi matono. Ku LED ezirina watt eziwera, enteekateeka ng’ezo tezisaanira. Ebirungi ebiri mu nteekateeka y’okutebenkeza ennyiriri:

• dizayini ennyangu;
• ssente entono;
• okwesigika okumala (ku maanyi g’omugugu amatono).

Ekinyweza eky’ekika kya Linear:

Pulse

Enkola eyokubiri kwe kutebenkeza (impulse stabilization). Oluvannyuma lw’okukoleeza bbaatuuni ya KH, capacitor C efuna chajingi. Oluvannyuma lw’okuggulawo ebikwatagana bya bbaatuuni, etandika okufulumya, ne kiwa elementi ya semikondokita amasannyalaze. Regulator esinga okuba ennyangu ey’okukyusakyusa:
Nga capacitor efulumya amaanyi, diode efulumya ekitangaala. Voltage y’okuyingiza gy’ekoma okuba waggulu, n’obudde bw’okucaajinga gye bukoma okuba obutono. Okunyiga n’okusumulula bbaatuuni kikuuma okumasamasa. Omusingi guno ogw’okukola guyitibwa pulse-width modulation. Okulongoosebwa amakumi n’enkumi n’enkumi kubaawo buli sikonda.

Ebika bya baddereeva okusinziira ku kika kya dizayini

Ddereeva za elementi za LED ye circuit entono ey’obusannyalazo ekuŋŋaanyiziddwa okuva mu resistors, capacitors ne semiconductor diodes eziteekeddwa ku board. Ebyuma ebitebenkeza current ya LEDs biri mu nkyusa 2:

• Mu kibinja ky’abaserikale. Eno y’engeri esinga okukozesebwa. Ssente z’ekyuma ng’ekyo zisingako. Enkizo yaayo enkulu kwe kukuuma ebintu ebizimba okuva mu bunnyogovu n’enfuufu.
• Atalina mubiri. Okukozesa kwazo kwa bwenkanya ku kuteekebwako okukwekebwa kwokka. Zibeera za buseere okusinga case analogs.

Okusinziira ku dizayini, ebikyusa ebyuma byawulwamu ebibinja bisatu.

Ebyuma bikalimagezi

Mu kikyusakyusa eky’amasannyalaze, ttansisita y’evunaanyizibwa ku kulongoosa kasasiro. Omulimu gwayo kwe kutikkula microcircuit efugira. Okugonza ripple nga bwe kisoboka, capacitor eteekebwa ku output ya circuit.
Ebyuma eby’amasannyalaze bya bbeeyi, naye bitebenkeza akasannyalazo okutuuka ku 750 mA. Ddereeva ezisembyeyo ez’ekika kino zitera okuteekebwa ku ttaala ezirina E27 base. Ebisinga ebizibu bye bino: okuwuuma n’okuyingirira mu bbanga lya frequency enkulu. Singa ebyuma by’omu nnyumba, gamba nga leediyo, biteekebwa mu socket y’emu n’ettaala, okutaataaganyizibwa kubaawo ku frequency za FM. . Ddereeva omulungi ow’ebyuma alina okuba ne capacitors bbiri omulundi gumu:

• electrolytic, egongoosa empewo (pulsations);
• ceramic, ekikendeeza ku frequency eza waggulu.

Omugatte guno tegutera kubaawo naddala mu bavuzi abakolebwa mu China. Abakozesa IC savvy basobola okufuna output parameters za driver nga bakyusa resistor values. Olw’obulungi obw’amaanyi – nga 95% – baddereeva ez’ebyuma bikozesebwa ku bintu eby’enjawulo (okukakasa okukola kw’amataala ga LED ag’emmotoka, amataala g’oku nguudo n’awaka).

Okusinziira ku capacitors

Ddereeva ezisinziira ku nkozesa ya capacitors zirina engeri gye zitamanyiddwa nnyo. Kumpi circuit zonna ez’ettaala za LED eza budget ezirina ebyuma ng’ebyo zirina engeri ezifaanagana.
Olw’enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa abakola ku circuit z’amasannyalaze, elementi ezimu ziyinza okuziggyibwamu. Naddala emirundi mingi tezirina capacitor evunaanyizibwa ku kugonza ripples. Ebirungi ebiri mu bavuzi ba capacitor:

• obwangu bw’okukola dizayini;
• Efficiency etera okutuuka ku 100%, okuva okufiirwa kw’amaanyi bwe kweyolekera mu resistors ne junctions za elementi za semiconductor zokka.

Okusinziira ku GOST, omuwendo gwa ripple ogukkirizibwa guli 10-20% era nga gusinziira ku kigendererwa ky’ekisenge ekyuma ekitangaaza mwe kikola.

Eyinza okuzikira

Dimmer kye kyuma ekifuga okwakaayakana kwa LED. Ddereeva nnyingi ez’omulembe ziyingizaamu ebintu bino eby’omugaso.
Ebirungi ebiri mu baddereeva abasobola okuzikira:

• omukozesa alondawo eddaala ly’ekitangaala ekinyuma mu kiseera kino;
• okussaamu dimmer mu current stabilizers kikusobozesa okukozesa amasannyalaze n’obulamu bwa LED mu ngeri ey’ebyenfuna.

Enkola z’okutuukiriza:

• Ekyuma ekiziyiza amasannyalaze kibeera wakati w’amasannyalaze n’ettaala ya LED. Ekyuma ng’ekyo kye kifuga amasannyalaze agaweebwa LED. Ebiseera ebisinga zino zibeera pulse-width stabilizers (PWM) ezitereeza obungi bwa current.
• Ekyuma kino kye kifuga amasannyalaze. Ekola okutereeza okuliwo kati. Okumasamasa ne langi ya diodes bikyuka.

Obulamu bwonna

Ebbanga ddereeva ly’amala ng’akola bulungi kisinziira ku mutindo gwe n’embeera gy’akola. Naye n’ekyuma eky’omutindo ogw’awaggulu kirina eky’obugagga ekitono ennyo okusinga LED eziyungiddwa ku kyo. Ebintu bya LED okuva mu bika ebimanyiddwa bimala essaawa nga 100,000. Ekiseera ekibalirirwamu ddereeva w’agenda okukola:

• omutindo ogwa wansi – okutuuka ku ssaawa 20,000;
• average – okutuuka ku ssaawa 50,000;
• waggulu – okutuuka ku ssaawa 70,000.

Ku by’okufulumya n’oku luguudo, kirungi okutwala baddereeva abalina obulamu obuwanvu.

Ebbanga ly’ekitereeza eky’amasannyalaze eri LED likwatibwako ensonga ez’ebweru. Ddereeva ayinza okulemererwa olw’ensonga zino wammanga:

• obunnyogovu obw’amaanyi mu kisenge, obutakwatagana na ddaala ly’obukuumi bw’ekyuma;
• enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi ez’ebbugumu;
• empewo etali nnungi;
• okubala amaanyi g’omugugu okutali kutuufu.

Ebiseera ebisinga, ddereeva amenyeka olw’ekipasita – eremererwa mu kiseera ky’amaanyi agakulukuta mu mutimbagano.

Olonda otya ddereeva?

Ddereeva z’amataala ga LED ezisinga ezitundibwa mu katale k’omunda zikolebwa mu China, za buseere, era si za mutindo gwa waggulu. Mu bavuzi b’ettaala za LED ez’Abachina, microcircuits ezitali nnungi zitera okusangibwa, tekiba kirungi kuzigula. Ekyuma ng’ekyo kigwa mangu, era tekisuubirwa nti kijja kusoboka okukikyusa n’ekipya oba okuzzaayo ssente ezo. Amagezi ku kulonda ddereeva wa LED:

• Twala ekinyweza kati wamu n’omugugu.
• Lowooza ku maanyi g’omugugu agagenda okuyungibwa ku ddereeva.
• Faayo nnyo ku mubiri. Lirina okulaga amaanyi, obuwanvu bwa vvulovumenti (okuyingira n’okufuluma), omuwendo ogw’erinnya ogw’akasannyalazo akatebenkedde, kiraasi y’okuziyiza obunnyogovu n’enfuufu.

Amaanyi ga ddereeva agasinga obunene

Voltage efuluma esinziira ku muwendo gwa diodes mu circuit ne ku scheme y’okuziyingiza. Kiteekwa okuba nga kisinga oba kyenkana omugatte gw’amasoboza agasaasaanyizibwa buli bulooka ya nkulungo y’amasannyalaze. Akasannyalazo akagereddwa kasalibwawo amaanyi ga elementi n’okumasamasa kwazo. Ekigendererwa kya stabilizer kwe kuwa diodes amaanyi ageetaagisa. Amaanyi gonna aga LED gasalibwawo okusinziira ku parameters za buli elementi, omuwendo gwazo ne langi yazo. Omuwendo gw’amasoboza agakozesebwa gubalibwa okusinziira ku nsengekera eno: P = PLED x N, nga N gwe muwendo gwa dayoodi mu nkulungo, PLED ge maanyi ga dayoodi emu. Omuwendo ogw’erinnya gutwalibwa ebitundu 20-30% okusinga amaanyi agabaliriddwa: Pmax ≥ (1.2..1.3) * P. Langi y’okumasamasa kwa elementi nayo etunuulirwa. Kikosa vvulovumenti efuluma. Kilagibwa butereevu ku kyuma oba ku kipapula. Okugeza, waliwo LED ssatu eza 3W. Olwo amaanyi gonna awamu gaba watts 9. Ddereeva asengekeddwa Pmax = 9 x 1.3 = 11.7 watts.

Omuwendo

Ddereeva z’amataala ga LED zitundibwa mu maduuka g’amasannyalaze, ku yintaneeti, mu bifo eby’amaduuka ebikola ku bitundu bya leediyo. Okugula ku yintaneeti kye kisinga obuseere.
Emiwendo egy’okugerageranya egy’ebintu ebitebenkeza ebiriwo kati:

• DC12V (amaanyi 18 W, vvulovumenti eyingira 12 V, efuluma 100-240 V) – 190 rubles;
• LB0138 (6 W, 45 V, 220 V) – 170 nga zino zaali ziweza ssente 170;
• YW-83590 (21 W, 25-35 V, 200-240 V) – ssente 690 ez’okugula ebintu;
• LB009 (150 W, 12 V, 170-260 V) – 750 nga zino ziweza ssente.

Microcircuit ya PT4115 – ekyusa ssente – egula 150 rubles buli kitundu. Element ez’amaanyi ennyo zigula okuva ku 150 okutuuka ku nkumi eziwerako eza rubles.

Engeri endala

Bw’oba ​​ogula ddereeva, ssaayo omwoyo ku mpisa zino wammanga:

• Voltage efuluma. Omuwendo gwayo gusinziira ku muwendo gwa LED mu kitangaala, ku nkola y’okugaba amasannyalaze ne ku kugwa kwa vvulovumenti okubuna semikondokita. Waliwo ebyuma ku katale ebirina vvulovumenti okuva ku 2 okutuuka ku 50 V n’ebirala.
• Rated current. Kibeere nga kimala okusobola okuwa ekitangaala ekisinga obulungi.
• Langi ya LED. Kikosa okugwa kwa vvulovumenti.

Okwesigamira kwa parameters z’amasannyalaze ku langi ya LEDs:

Singa ensibuko y’ekitangaala eba ne LED z’ekitangaala ekyeru ssatu eza 1 W eziyungiddwa mu series, ojja kwetaaga ddereeva alina voltage ya 9-12 V ne current ya 350 mA. Voltage drop across white crystals is 3.3 V. Bwe ziyungibwa mu lunyiriri, vvulovumenti zifunzibwa. Efuuka 9.9 V, ematiza ebanga ddereeva gy’akola. Okusinziira ku nkyukakyuka, ebyuma bikozesebwa ku muwendo ogugere ogwa LED – emu, bbiri oba okusingawo.

Mu bulamu obwa bulijjo ne ku phytolamps, kirungi okukozesa baddereeva mu mbeera. Zisinga kulabika bulungi ate nga zirina obukuumi okusinga ezitaliiko fuleemu.

Okugeza, baddereeva za LED ezirina chip ya 9918c mu ttaala ya LED zisaanira okuvuga amataala agatali gazikira era ziwagira amaanyi agatuuka ku 25W.

Okuyungibwa ku ddereeva

Ddereeva nnyangu nnyo okuyunga ku LED. Ku mubiri gwayo kuliko obubonero bwonna obwetaagisa. Voltage eyingizibwa eteekebwa ku bitundu ebiyingiza (INPUT), era olunyiriri lwa LED luyungibwa ku bitundu ebifuluma (OUTPUT). Ekikulu kwe kwetegereza polarity.

Okuyingiza polarity

Singa ddereeva akola vvulovumenti etakyukakyuka, ekikondo ekituufu eky’ensibuko y’amasannyalaze eyungibwa ku kitundu kyayo ekya “+”. Ku vvulovumenti ya AC, weetegereze okuwandiika ku bitundu ebiyingiza. Enkola z’okussaako obubonero:

• “L” ne “N”. Siiga phase ku output “L”. Osobola okugisanga ng’okozesa sikulaapu ey’enjawulo ey’amasannyalaze. Gatta waya ya neutral ku terminal ya “N”.
• “~”, “AC” oba tewali bubonero. Mu mbeera eno, polarity si nkulu, tosobola kugyetegereza.

Okufuluma kwa polarity

Polarity bulijjo erina okwetegereza wano. Waya ya “plus” eyungibwa ku anode ya elementi ya semiconductor esooka, waya ya “minus” eyungibwa ku cathode ya diode esembayo. Okuyunga ddereeva:
220/12V LED ettaala ddereeva circuit (okuyingiza/okufuluma voltage):

Okuddaabiriza ebivuga by’ettaala za LED

Singa regulator ya current efiirwa obusobozi bwayo okukola emirimu gyayo, kino kiyinza okuvaako okwonooneka kwa LEDs. Kikulu okuzuula okumenyawo mu budde. Okugezesa ddereeva w’ettaala ya LED, 220 V eteekebwa ku input yaayo.Voltage etakyukakyuka erina okulabika ku output ya ddereeva akola. Ekirala, omuwendo gwayo gujja kuba munene katono okusinga ku kigero eky’okungulu ekiragiddwa ku bipapula by’ekyuma. Enkola eno nnyangu okussa mu nkola, naye tesobozesa kusalawo bulamu bwa kyuma. Okukebera oba ddereeva akola, kola bino wammanga:

1. Teeka resistor ku output ya current stabilizer. Resistance yaayo elonda nga etunuulidde current eweereddwa. Esalibwawo etteeka lya Ohm: R=U/I.
2. Twala resistor eriko resistance ebaliriddwa n’amaanyi agakwatagana.
3. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeka resistor, pima output voltage ne tester. Singa tesukka bbanga ly’ekola, ekyuma kiba kikola bulungi.

Engeri eyokubiri ey’okunoonya ddereeva alemererwa:

1. Ekyuma bwe kiba nga kirimu fiyuzi, kikube. Omugezesa alina okulaga nti resistance eri zero. Singa resistance etera okutuuka ku infinity, kyusa fiyuzi. Singa ettaala eyaka oluvannyuma lw’okukoleeza omukutu, okuddaabiriza kuba kuwedde.
2. Fiyuzi bw’eba tefuuwa, yongera noonya ng’emenya. Kebera omutala gwa dayode.
3. Singa rectifier eba mu nteeko, ojja kuba olina okusumulula capacitor eweweeza n’ogikuba empeta. Resistance entono, ekula mu maaso gaffe, eraga serviceability ya capacitor.
4. Ku ddereeva omunyangu, okukebera kuno kujja kumala okuzuula ensibuko y’ekizibu. Mu complex current stabilizers, ojja kuba olina okukuba empeta ku diodes zonna ne electrolytic capacitors.

Bw’oba ​​ogezaako okuzuula ekintu ekimenyese, lowooza ku musingi gw’enkola ya nkulungo:

• Linear. Mu baddereeva nga zino, okukuuma okuva ku kugwa kwa vvulovumenti kukolebwa nga tukozesa resistors za 5-100 Ohm. Resistance emu eteekebwa ku input ya rectifier (diode bridge). Okukendeeza ku kuwuuma, capacitor ennene ey’amasannyalaze eyungibwa mu parallel n’omugugu.
• Pulse. Mu converters zino mulimu microcircuits ezirina obukuumi okuva ku bitiisa byonna – okubuguma ennyo, okutikka ennyo n’okusukkiridde voltages. Tezirina kumenya, wabula buli kimu kibeera ku baddereeva Abachina.

Ekizibu ky’okuddaabiriza baddereeva kiri mu buzibu bw’okulonda microcircuit entuufu. Naddala singa stabilizer eno ekoleddwa mu China. Singa tewali nkola ekusobozesa kuzuula bivaako stabilizer eriwo kati okumenya, ojja kuba olina okutuukirira omukugu. Oba gula ddereeva omulala.

Enjawulo ku masannyalaze

Ddereeva bangi abakozesa mu bukyamu bayita power supply. Mu butuufu, byuma bya njawulo. Amasannyalaze gatebenkeza vvulovumenti, ddereeva – akasannyalazo. Singa LED ziyungibwa ku nsibuko y’amasannyalaze enkyamu, zigwa mangu. Amasannyalaze agaweebwa gayinza okuba:

• Transformer ekola ku by’okukyusakyusa. Ennaku zino tezitera kubaawo, anti mu bintu bingi zifiirwa abavuganya nazo. Bbulooka ya tulansifooma ekola 12 oba 24 V okuva ku vvulovumenti ya 220 V. Olwo vvulovumenti ekyukakyuka n’erongoosebwa okulungamya. Kisiigibwa ku mugugu.
• Pulse. Mu zo, vvulovumenti egololwa amangu ddala – 220 V AC ekyusibwa n’efuuka 220 V DC. Oluvannyuma kigenda ku pulse generator, ekola voltage ekyukakyuka eya frequency eya waggulu. Element esembayo ye tulansifooma.

Amasannyalaze gombi gafulumya vvulovumenti etakyukakyuka eya bunene bwe bumu. Ebyuma ng’ebyo tebisaanira LED, okuva bwe kiri nti “biweebwa amaanyi” okuva mu masanyalaze. Era okugwa kwa vvulovumenti okubuna semikondokita emu yokka ku mpisa zazo. Singa parameters ziwandiikibwa ku LED, okugeza, 10 mA ne 2.7 V, kino kitegeeza nti Amperes ezisukka mu eragiddwa teziyinza kuyitamu – ejja kwokya. Nga akasannyalazo ka 10 mA kayita, 2.7 V ebula ku semikondokita.Kino kyennyini kye kifiirwa, so si vvulovumenti eyeetaagisa okukoleeza LED.

Okola otya linear LED driver n’emikono gyo?

Nga balina microcircuits eziwedde, omuntu yenna omutandisi wa radio amateur asobola okukuŋŋaanya ddereeva wa LEDs. Ku mulimu guno, olina okusobola okukola ebintu bibiri – okusoma ebifaananyi bya circuit y’amasannyalaze n’okuba n’ekyuma ekikuba solder. Okugeza, osobola okukuŋŋaanya ekitereeza amasannyalaze ku LED za 3 W ng’okozesa chip ya PowTech – PT4115 (China). Ekikyusa, ekyatondebwa ku musingi gwa microcircuit eno, kirina elementi ezitono ennyo n’obulungi obw’amaanyi. Ekikyusa kasasiro ekisinga okuba eky’angu kikuŋŋaanyizibwa ne ku chajingi y’essimu. Wammanga ye ndagiriro y’okukuŋŋaanya ddereeva ku LED ssatu eza 1W. Ku mulimu ojja kwetaaga:

• Chaja y’essimu enkadde. Okugeza, okuva mu Samsung – zeesigika nnyo. Ebipimo by’ekyuma – 5 V ne 700 mA.
• Trimmer resistor nga eriko resistance ya 10 kOhm.
• Ebintu bisatu ebya LED ebirina amaanyi ga 1 W.
• Omuguwa nga guliko pulaagi.

Engeri y’okukuŋŋaanyamu ddereeva:

1. Ssambula chajingi, weegendereze obutayonoona elementi zaayo.
2. Kozesa ekyuma ekisoda okusoda resistor ya 5 kΩ ku input. Kikyuseemu oteekemu resistor etereezebwa.
3. Salawo output for the load ne polarity okusobola okusolder obulungi LEDs. Zikuŋŋaanyizibwa nga tezinnabaawo mu serial circuit.
4. Sumulula contacts okuva ku cord oteekeyo waya eriko pulaagi. Nga tonnakebera oba stabilizer ekola, kakasa nti buli kimu kiyungiddwa bulungi. Bw’okola ensobi, wayinza okubaawo ‘short circuit’.
5. Teekateeka current ne trimmer olwo LED zaaka.
6. Singa ebintu ebifulumya ekitangaala biba biyaka, kebera voltage, current, power ne tester.

Singa LEDs ziyaka, tewali spark oba omukka, assembly yatambudde bulungi – DIY yo ebeera ready. Okukozesa ddereeva alondeddwa obulungi kakwakkulizo kakulu nnyo eri amasannyalaze aga LED ag’omutindo ogwa waggulu era ag’ekiseera ekiwanvu. Ekisinga okwesigika kwe kugula ekyuma ekiriko akabonero wamu n’amataala ga LED. Bw’oba ​​otegeera circuits era nga muli “mikwano” nga olina soldering iron, bulijjo osobola okukuŋŋaanya driver asaanira ku LED elements.