Menene madaidaicin fitilun LED?

Fitilar diode mai-haske (LED) ana siffanta su da sigogi da yawa da ke da alhakin ingantaccen haske da aminci. Labarin zai tattauna mahimman halaye na na’urorin wannan aji, gami da kwatanta na ƙarshe tare da na fitilun fitilu na gargajiya, kuma za su ba da shawarwari kan zaɓar fitilun LED don gida.

Menene juyi mai haske?

Haske mai haske adadi ne na zahiri wanda ke nuna adadin raka’o’in “haske” na ikon madaidaicin radiyo. Ƙarfin haske, bi da bi, shine makamashin da ke wucewa ta wasu sarari a cikin wani ɗan lokaci.

A taƙaice, hasken haske shine ra’ayi da ke ƙayyade adadin hasken da wani tushe ke fitarwa (a cikin tsarin labarin, wannan na’ura ce mai haske), da kuma yadda ake fitar da wannan raƙuman hasken wuta da kuma rarraba a sararin samaniya.

Ƙarfin hasken haske kuma ta yaya ake auna shi?

Lokacin kimantawa da kwatanta na’urorin hasken wuta, ana amfani da irin wannan naúrar ma’aunin haske mai haske kamar lumen. Wannan shi ne ainihin ma’aunin ma’aunin da tushen ke fitarwa, jujjuyawar haske. A halin yanzu, kuskure ne ga masu sana’a na hasken wuta da masu amfani da yawa don kimanta kayan aikin hasken wuta ta amfani da manufar “haske”. Wannan kalmar ba kawai kuskure ba ne, amma kuma yana iya zama mai ruɗi, musamman idan ya zo ga fitilun LED.

Fitillun fitilu na al’ada suna fitowa a cikin mafi faɗin yiwuwar siginar haske, yayin da fitilun LED suka “rufe” wani ɗan ƙaramin yanki na yankin “blue”. Amma a lokaci guda, yana fitar da kusan adadin kuzari, tushen LED yana haskakawa.

Game da fitilun LED, ana amfani da manufar “haske” wani lokaci (yana nuna ƙarfin da haske ya faɗi a saman). Naúrar haske da aka karɓa shine lux (lx).

Na’urar da ka’idar aiki na fitilun LED

Fitilar LED don haskakawa sun bambanta kawai a waje, tsarin ciki na na’urori daban-daban kusan iri ɗaya ne. Hasken yana fitowa kai tsaye ta LEDs, lamba, iko da bakan launi wanda ya bambanta dangane da ƙirar.

Ka’idar aiki na fitilun fitilu na LED ya dogara ne akan jujjuyawar wutar lantarki ta hanyar lantarki, ta hanyar lantarki, zuwa wani kullun, wanda a zahiri yana ciyar da lu’ulu’u masu haskakawa.

Na’urar hasken LED ta gida ta ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

• Mai watsawa wani yanki ne na musamman wanda ke ƙara tarwatsewa kuma yana watsawa daidai gwargwado. Dangane da samfurin, wannan bangaren za a iya yi da matte, m ko translucent filastik (banda shi ne mai kyalli na’urorin, inda ake amfani da wani musamman nuance kashi).
• LED crystal shine tushen fitilun LED na zamani. Lambobin su na iya bambanta daga ɗaya zuwa dozin da yawa – ya dogara da ƙira, girma, iko, girman girman zafi na wani samfurin. Ingantattun lu’ulu’u na LED ne ke tantance mahimman sigogin na’urar da karkonta, domin idan ko guntu guda ɗaya ya gaza, ana iya jefar da fitilar.
• Da’irar da aka buga – a cikin masana’anta, ana amfani da nau’in aluminum anodized na musamman, wanda ya ba shi damar yin hulɗa tare da radiator yadda ya kamata, yana watsar da zafi.
• Heatsink samfuri ne na musamman na aluminum wanda ke ba da damar ingantacciyar kawar da zafi daga lu’ulu’u. Wurin cire zafi na radiator yana ƙaruwa saboda kasancewar faranti da yawa a jikin wannan kashi.
• Direba wani muhimmin sashi ne na kewaye, ba tare da wanda lu’ulu’u na LED ba za su ƙone su kawai. Naúrar tana gyarawa, ragewa da daidaita ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Akwai direbobi masu nisa da ginannun – galibin na’urorin hasken wutar lantarki na LED suna sanye da sabbin nau’ikan na’urorin da aka saka kai tsaye a cikin gidajen fitilun.
• Capacitor wani sashi ne na fasaha na rediyo wanda kuma yana fitar da ripples irin ƙarfin lantarki da aka kawo zuwa matrix LED.
• Tushen polymer na ɓangaren tushe wani abu ne na tsarin da ake buƙata don kare jikin na’urar daga lalacewar lantarki da kuma mutum daga girgiza wutar lantarki lokacin canza fitila.
• Plinth – wani yanki na sauyawa wanda ke ba da haɗin kai zuwa manyan hanyoyin sadarwa. Mafi sau da yawa, tushe an yi shi da tagulla-plated nickel, wanda ke ba da amintaccen lamba da tasirin lalata.

Yana da daraja cewa a cikin na’urorin LED, ba kamar fitilun fitilu na gargajiya ba, matsakaicin yankin dumama yana dogara ne akan ciki. A saboda wannan dalili, fitilar LED tana buƙatar ingantaccen sanyaya na ciki, wanda aka aiwatar a cikin nau’in radiyo mai sanyaya.

Babban halaye

Ta fuskoki da dama, na’urorin LED sun fi fitulun wuta da sauran hanyoyin haske. Daga cikin ɗimbin ma’auni na fasaha na fitilun LED, ana iya bambanta manyan su.

Ƙarfin fitilar LED

Ƙarƙashin ƙarfin na’urar LED, suna nufin wutar lantarki da ke cinyewa daga hanyar sadarwa. Don sauƙaƙa wa mabukaci yin kewayawa, ana nuna madaidaicin alamar fitilar wuta akan marufi na fitilar LED.
A halin yanzu, ingancin irin waɗannan na’urori masu dacewa sun bambanta. Suna da haske daban-daban da ƙarfin juyi mai haske.

kusurwa mai watsawa

Hasken fitilun LED na gida yana warwatse a kusurwar 60 ° – 340 °. Ana amfani da na’urorin da ke da ƙarancin fa’idar radiyo a cikin ƙirar tabo, hasken yanki. Ana amfani da na’urori masu faɗin kusurwar watsawa don tsara hasken gabaɗaya. Ana samun mafi girman kusurwar watsawa don fitilu masu filament na LED. Alamar wannan nau’in na’urar tana da alaƙa da fitilun incandescent na gargajiya.

Ƙirƙirar haske mai haske

Hasken na’urar haske, ko kuma madaidaicin adadin hasken da ke fitowa da shi, ana siffanta shi da irin wannan siga kamar “filin haske”, kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, wanda aka auna a cikin lumens. Fitilar LED mai 400 lumens kusan daidai yake da fitilar 40 watt incandescent. A aikace, akwai hali ga masu kera na’urorin LED don yin la’akari da gangan wannan sifa. Ana iya samun ma’aunin da ke kusa da gaske don takamaiman na’urori ta hanyar nazarin sakamakon gwaje-gwaje masu zaman kansu.

Zazzabi mai launi

Fitilar fitilun da aka fi sani da ita tana fitar da haske mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi, yanayin zafin launi wanda ya kusanci 2750 Kelvin (K). Saboda haka, fitilar LED mai zafin launi iri ɗaya zai ba da haske mafi kusa ga fitilun gargajiya. Ga mafi yawancin, na’urorin LED suna da yanayin zafin launi na 3000 K – tare da jin dadi ga idanu, amma dan kadan haske. Fitila tare da alamar 3000 – 4000 K sun dace da ofisoshin. Na’urori masu haske tare da zazzabi mai launi na 5000 K ko fiye sun dace kawai don ɗakunan kayan aiki.

Ripple factor

Wannan halayyar ta shafi duk na’urorin haske. Na’urori masu inganci na LED suna da ƙarancin ripple factor, wanda sau 3 zuwa 5 ƙasa da fitilun fitilu. Dangane da wannan alamar, ana ba da izinin amfani da na’urorin LED a kowane wuri. A cikin fitilun da ba su da tsada, sau da yawa ba a nuna madaidaicin ripple, duk da haka, ana iya duba ƙarfin flicker cikin sauƙi ta amfani da kyamarar wayar. A gaban ripples, ratsan duhu suna bayyane akan nunin.

Kwatankwacin iko

Akan marufi na fitilar LED, yawanci ana samun irin wannan ma’auni a matsayin daidai ƙarfin fitilar incandescent. Misali, yana iya zama bayanin cewa na’urar LED tana da ikon 5 W, daidai da ikon fitilar incandescent na 40 W. Ba ma masana’antun masu hankali ba na iya zama da wahala a cikin yanayin waɗannan sigogi, don haka ana ba da shawarar ku da farko ku mai da hankali kan halayen hasken fitilar LED.

Wutar lantarki mai aiki

Madaidaitan ƙarfin aiki na fitilun LED na zamani sune 220 V (don mains na yau da kullun) da 12 V (don amfani da kayan wuta). Ƙarshen suna aiki akan ƙarfin wutar lantarki na AC da DC. Duk da haka, wasu daga cikin waɗannan fitilun, idan aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar maɓalli na yanzu, suna iya samun babban abin da ke da lahani ga idanu.

Fihirisar yin launi

Fihirisar ma’anar launi na na’urar LED ta bambanta idan aka kwatanta da fitilar incandescent. Yana da ƙarin ɓangaren launin shuɗi. Fihirisar ma’anar launi (Ra), wanda mai kera na’urar ya kayyade, yana fasalta daidaiton matakin duk abubuwan launi. Haske mai haske tare da ƙananan ƙididdiga (kasa da 80 Ra) ba shi da daɗi ga idanu. Fitilar fitilu da hasken rana suna da wannan alamar a cikin yanki na 97 – 98 Ra, fitilun LED masu inganci sun fi 80, samfuran mutum ɗaya – raka’a 90. A aikace, wasu masana’antun suna ƙima da ƙima da ƙima da ƙayyadaddun launi: lokacin da aka yi wa lakabin Ra – 80, yana iya zama raka’a 75 ko ma ƙasa da haka.

Kula da haske

Yawancin fitilun LED ba sa aiki tare da na’urorin dimming da aka tsara don daidaita hasken na’urorin hasken wuta. Koyaya, ana iya samun fitilun LED akan kasuwa waɗanda tuni suna da naúrar dimmer ɗin da aka gina a ciki, ko kuma suna da zaɓi na goyan bayan dimmers na waje don fitilun incandescent ko musamman tsara don na’urorin diode.

dumama da zafi samar

Hasken hasken wutar lantarki na LED yana jagorancin hanya ɗaya, yayin da zafi ke fitowa a wata hanya. A saboda wannan dalili, ciki na LED fitilar dole ne a rayayye sanyaya. Don yin wannan, na’urar hasken wuta tana sanye da radiator.

Halayen kwatancen na’urorin LED da fitulun wuta

Don kwatancen gani na na’urorin LED da fitilun fitilu, ya kamata ku koma tebur na musamman. Kamar yadda kuke gani, bambancin amfani da wutar lantarki tsakanin waɗannan nau’ikan na’urori masu ƙarfi iri ɗaya yana da mahimmanci.

Amma a zahiri, ƙirar LED 5W ba ta yi daidai da kwan fitila mai walƙiya na 40W ba. Hasken na’urar LED na iya zama nesa da lumen 400 dangane da dalilai da yawa. Wannan, alal misali, matte case ne, “cinyewa” ɓangaren wutar lantarki ta direba, sauran kayan lantarki, da dai sauransu.

Fitowar haske

Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman bayanai a cikin lissafin tsarin hasken wutar lantarki na ɗakin shine hasken haske na na’urar da aka ɗora. Ana auna wannan sifa a cikin Lumens / Watts. A cikin fitilun fitilu, fitowar hasken yana daga 8 zuwa 10lm/W. A cikin LEDs, siga ya bambanta daga 90 zuwa 110 Lm / W, kuma a cikin samfuran inganci – daga 120 zuwa 140 Lm / W. Dangane da fitowar haske, fitilun LED sun fi sau 8-10 fiye da zaɓuɓɓukan madadin.

Rashin zafi

Lokacin kwatanta LEDs da fitilu na gargajiya na gargajiya, yakamata a yi la’akari da ɓarkewar zafi. Gilashin fitilun fitulun wuta suna zafi har zuwa digiri 230 – 240 a ma’aunin Celsius, yayin da fitilar LED mai ƙarfi na iya yin zafi har zuwa matsakaicin digiri 45. Saboda wannan dalili, na ƙarshe ba su da haɗari ga wuta kuma ana iya hawa a kowane ɗaki, ba kamar fitilu masu haske ba, waɗanda ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da su ba, alal misali, a cikin gine-ginen katako.

Lokacin rayuwa

Babban halayyar da ke magana game da amfani da LEDs. Matrix LED na iya aiki na tsawon sa’o’i 40,000, yayin da fitilar da ba ta cika cika sa’o’i dubu ɗaya ba, wanda kusan sau 40 ya ragu. Domin kare kanka da adalci, ya kamata a lura cewa irin wannan high rates ne muhimmi a cikin high quality LED kayayyakin daga sanannun masana’antun. Lu’ulu’u masu arha na LED suna da albarkatun ƙasa da yawa.

inganci

Ingantaccen fitilar ra’ayi ne wanda ke nuna adadin hasken da aka samar dangane da yanayin zafi na na’urar. Wannan sifa ta na’urorin LED tana kusanci 90%, yayin da, kamar fitilun fitilu, aikin mai amfani yana kiyasin kashi 7-9. Ba lallai ba ne a faɗi, nawa ƙarin na’urorin hasken wutar lantarki na tattalin arziƙin LED idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsu na gargajiya.

Farashin

Tambayar da ta fi rikitarwa ita ce menene mafi riba don amfani: fitilun diode ko fitilun fitilu? Duk da cewa na farko tsari ne na girma mafi tsada, jimlar lokacin aikin su ya wuce rayuwar sabis na zaɓi na biyu. Kuma idan muka yi la’akari da irin wannan alama kamar tanadin makamashi, fitilu na gargajiya ba su da wata dama ko kadan. A aikace, duk da haka, abubuwa ba su da kyau sosai. Na’urar LED, kamar sauran nau’ikan fitilun, na iya yin kasawa da wuri fiye da iyakar rayuwar sabis ɗinta (misali, lokacin tashin wuta ko canjin yanayi). Bugu da ƙari, suna haskaka rauni, don haka masu amfani sau da yawa dole ne su saya da shigar da ƙarin hasken LED.

Bangaren muhalli

Tabbatattun fitilun LED sun ƙunshi ƙaramin adadin sinadarai masu haɗari. Su, kamar fitulun wuta, ba sa buƙatar zubarwa na musamman. Amma wannan ba yana nufin kwata-kwata ya kamata a jefar da kayan aikin da suka ƙare tare da sauran sharar gida. Ana iya mika na’urorin hasken wuta, alal misali, zuwa wuraren tarawa na musamman.

Nasihu don Zaɓin Fil ɗin LED

Zaɓin fitilun LED mai kyau ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. Wasu lokuta, har ma daga shahararrun masana’antun duniya, akwai lokuta tare da babban matakin bugun jini ko tare da sigogin fitarwa na haske waɗanda aka ƙima dangane da ƙimar gaske. Shawarwari masu zuwa sun dogara ne akan ƙwarewar masu amfani da sakamakon masana masu zaman kansu. Kyakkyawan fitilar LED ya kamata ya cika ka’idodi masu zuwa:

• ripple factor – ba fiye da 30%;
• Ma’anar launi – index 80 da ƙari;
• matakin haske mai haske – yayi daidai da ƙimar hasken hasken fitilar fitila;
• kusurwar haske mai karɓa – ba fiye da digiri 50 ba;
• idan ya cancanta, goyan bayan masu sauyawa tare da nuna alama;
• idan ya cancanta – goyon baya ga dimming.

Bugu da ƙari, ba zai zama abin ban tsoro ba a mai da hankali kan abubuwan da ke gaba:

• Sanya hannunka a ƙarƙashin hasken fitilar. Idan fata tana da launin toka mai launin toka, na’urar tana amfani da LEDs tare da ƙananan ma’anar ma’anar launi.
• Ko da kun ga sunan “babu ripple” akan kunshin, wannan baya nufin cewa flicker ba ya nan. Mai yuwuwa ƙimar sa ta ta’allaka ne a cikin 5%.
• Idan zai yiwu a kunna fitilar, nuna kyamarar wayar da ta kunna ta. Idan ba ku ga kowane ratsi ba, ƙirar LED tana da ƙananan matakin bugun jini.
• Doke alƙalamin marmaro a gaban fitilar da aka kunna. Idan abu ya ninka ko sau uku, tushen yana da babban matakin bugun jini.
• Za a iya duba hasken fitilar LED ta amfani da aikace-aikacen mitar haske na musamman akan wayar ku ta Android.
• Kada ku sayi samfur tare da kwanan watan saki na shekaru 3 ko fiye. Yana da kyau a zabi wani zaɓi na zamani.
• Zaɓi fitilar LED tare da tsawon garanti (shekaru 3-5).
• Da fatan za a ajiye rasidin ku don ku iya dawowa ko musanya abun idan an buƙata.

Fitilolin LED sun bambanta da fitilun incandescent na gargajiya a halaye da yawa. Mafi mahimmancin su shine iko, kusurwar watsawa, haske mai haske, zafin launi da ma’auni. Lokacin zabar fitilar LED, ya kamata ku kuma kula da haske da fitowar zafin na’urar, lokacin garanti, ingancinta, daidaitaccen ƙarfinsa, ƙarfin aiki da ma’aunin nuna launi.