Siffofin zaɓi da amfani da kwararan fitila na LED

Farashin albarkatun makamashi, gami da wutar lantarki, suna da tsada sosai, don haka masu amfani suna sha’awar fitilun LED. Kuma ƙananan farashin waɗannan fitilun tattalin arziki kawai suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙarin buƙatu. Babban abu shine zaɓar kwan fitila mai dacewa daga kewayon da aka gabatar – samfuran sun bambanta da farashi, sigogi, aminci.

Siffofin kwararan fitila na LED

Fitilar diode mai haske (LED), ba kamar kwan fitila ba na al’ada, na’urar lantarki ce mai sarƙaƙƙiya wacce ta ƙunshi sassa goma sha biyu. Ayyukan fitilar ya dogara da inganci da sigogi na karshen – yadda kyau da aminci zai ba da haske, da tsawon lokacin da zai yi aiki.

A matsayin wani ɓangare na kowane fitilar LED, akwai kristal semiconductor wanda ke haifar da haske, kuma direba shine da’irar lantarki wanda ke canza 220 V AC zuwa 12 V DC.

Babban abubuwan da ke cikin fitilar LED da fasalin su:

• Plinth. Tare da shi, fitilar tana jujjuya shi a cikin kwandon fitilar. Plinths yawanci ana yin su ne da tagulla wanda aka lulluɓe da wani fili na nickel na hana lalata. Har ila yau, akwai fitilu tare da tushen fil – don wasu nau’ikan fitilu da bukatun.
• Radiator. Tare da taimakonsa, ana cire zafi daga LEDs. Hakanan, aikin radiators shine tabbatar da tsarin tsarin zafin jiki mafi kyau na aiki. Abubuwan da aka kera sun bambanta – daga filastik mai arha zuwa yumbu masu tsada. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine kayan haɗin gwiwa da aluminum.
• Direba. Ayyukansa shine daidaita wutar lantarki ta hanyar juyar da AC zuwa DC, da kuma kunna LEDs. A matsayin wani ɓangare na direba – mai yawa microcircuits , capacitors, bugun jini mai canzawa. A cikin fitilun kasafin kuɗi, ƙila ba za a sami direba ba.
• Diffuser. Wannan flask ne mai haske wanda ke taimakawa haske ya watse a sarari. Yawancin lokaci yana da nau’i na hemisphere. Materials – filastik ko polycarbonate. Flask din kuma yana hana danshi da kura shiga gidan.
• LEDs. Su ne manyan abubuwan aiki a cikin fitilar LED. Haske yana bayyana yayin aiki na diodes.

Ribobi da fursunoni na LED fitilu

Fitilolin LED sun daɗe suna tabbatar da fifikonsu akan fitilun fitulun gargajiya da aka taɓa gani a baya. Koyaya, ba duk masu amfani bane suka canza zuwa fitulun tattalin arziki. Cikakken bincike na fa’idodi da rashin amfani da kwararan fitila na LED zai taimaka muku yanke shawara.

Amfanin fitilun wuta:

• low dumama – za ka iya taba fitila ba tare da hadarin samun konewa, wanda yake da muhimmanci musamman ga iyalai da yara (lokacin da ya je tebur fitilu);
• tanadi – bada daidai adadin haske tare da fitilun fitilu, fitilun LED suna cinye wutar lantarki ta tsari na ƙasa;
• karko – LED fitilu sun wuce 20-50 sau fiye da na al’ada;
• kwanciyar hankali – ana kiyaye haske iri ɗaya, duk da ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin hanyar sadarwa;
• haske – a cikin luminaire tare da iyakacin wuta, za ku iya shigar da fitilar LED wanda ke ba da haske mai haske fiye da kayan zaki mai ban sha’awa.

Fa’idodi akan takwarorinsu na luminescent:

• abokantakar muhalli – babu mercury;
• inganci – ƙarancin amfani da makamashi tare da kwararar haske daidai;
• amsa mai sauri – Fitilolin LED suna ƙonewa tare da saurin walƙiya a cikakken ƙarfi, kuma fitilu masu kyalli suna samun haske daga 20% zuwa 100% a cikin minti ɗaya a cikin zafin jiki, har ma ya fi tsayi – a ƙananan yanayin zafi;
• bakan mai kyau – ya fi kusa da hasken halitta fiye da takwarorinsu masu kyalli.

Minuses:

• babban farashi;
• babban adadin ƙananan samfurori – tare da ƙarancin haske mai kyau;
• rashin aiki na wasu fitilu sanye take da maɓalli da alamomi;
• Ana ba da gyare-gyaren haske kawai a cikin mafi tsada model.

Wadanne iri ne?

Masu kera suna ba da babban zaɓi na fitilun LED iri-iri waɗanda suka bambanta da manufar, nau’ikan LEDs, da sauran sigogi. Bugu da ari, rarrabuwa na LED-fitila bisa ga daban-daban sharudda.

Dangane da filin aikace-aikacen, ana rarrabe fitilu:

• Don gida. wakiltar flask akan daidaitaccen socle. Ya dace da kowane fitilu.
• Ga titi. An samar da su ta amfani da fasahar hana lalata, suna da babban matakin kariya.
• Don tsire-tsire. Ana amfani da su a cikin noman furanni na cikin gida, seedlings. A cikin bakan na radiation – ultraviolet, accelerating ci gaban shuke-shuke.
• Don ado. Babban manufar su shine yin ado da kuma salo na ciki. An bambanta su ta hanyar ƙananan kusurwar watsawa da launuka masu yawa, haifar da ta’aziyya da yankin ɗakin.
• LED spotlights. An shigar a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa. Suna da takamaiman jagorar haske da kusurwar watsawa.

LED irin:

• SMD – LEDs masu nuni da aka ɗora a kan madaidaicin, a saman wanda aka sanya ruwan tabarau. Yawan lu’ulu’u – 1-3 inji mai kwakwalwa. Zane yana da kyakkyawan zafi mai zafi.
• COB – lu’ulu’u ana sanya su kai tsaye a kan allo. Ginin yana dawwama.

Dangane da zafin launi na haske:

• tare da hasken rana;
• tare da hasken sanyi;
• tare da dumi haske.

Nau’in Plinth:

• E – duniya tushe “Edison”;
• G – fil tushe;
• R – tare da recessed lambobin sadarwa.

A cikin sigar flask (wanda aka fi sani):

• Kyandir Irin waɗannan fitilun suna da ƙayyadaddun kusurwar watsawa da ƙarancin ƙarfi. Idan ana amfani da su a cikin chandeliers, to, a cikin adadi mai yawa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙaho na chandelier ya kamata a karkatar da su zuwa ƙasa. Mafi amfani ga fitilun kyandir su ne fitilun tebur da fitilun dare.
• Pear. A cikin bayyanar, sun yi kama da daidaitattun fitulun wuta. Ana amfani da su musamman a cikin chandeliers tare da ƙaho masu nuna ƙasa. Idan luminaire yana da kwasfa masu daidaitawa zuwa rufi, ɓangaren ɗakin zai kasance a cikin inuwa.
  Samfuran da aka sanye da LEDs tabo suna da kusurwar katako har zuwa 180 °, tunda duk diodes suna gefe ɗaya na farantin.
• Masara . Siffar flask yana kama da masara – yana da elongated, cylindrical, kuma bai fi girma fiye da tushe ba. Diodes masu launin rawaya suna kan tushen polyhedral, kuma suna kama da hatsi akan cob.
  Fitilolin masara suna watsa haske da kyau. Ana amfani da su a cikin fitilun kwance kuma a cikin hasken tabo tare da inuwa mai inuwa.

Ma’auni na zabi

Lokacin zabar fitilun fitilu, masu amfani sun jagoranci, a matsayin mai mulkin, ta hanyar siga ɗaya kawai – iko, aunawa a cikin watts. Mafi ƙarfin kwan fitila, haskensa yana haskakawa. A cikin fitilun LED, dole ne a yi la’akari da ƙarin sigogi da halaye. Bayan fahimtar su, zai yiwu a zaɓi mafi kyawun fitilu don kowane takamaiman yanayin.

Don zaɓar fitilar LED wanda ya fi dacewa da burin ku, bayanin da aka rubuta a cikin manyan haruffa akan kunshin bai isa ba. Dole ne ku san kanku tare da ƙayyadaddun fasaha da aka buga a cikin ƙaramin bugu.

Haske kwarara

A zamanin fitulun wuta, masu amfani ba su da sha’awar ra’ayi na haske mai haske. An ƙaddara hasken fitilu ta hanyar iko – adadin watts. An riga an nuna shi kai tsaye a kan gilashin gilashin da kuma kan marufi, idan akwai.

Godiya ga fitilun LED, yana yiwuwa, ta hanyar rage ƙarfi sosai, don haɓaka haɓakar na’urori. Wannan ya ba da damar adana wutar lantarki da kuɗin masu amfani.

Menene madaidaicin haske da fasalinsa:

• nadi – Ф, lm/lm;
• yana ƙayyade adadin kuzarin hasken da fitilar ke bayarwa;
• Sanin hasken haske, zaka iya samun analog na LED a sauƙaƙe don maye gurbin fitilar incandescent – bisa ga teburin rubutu;
• yanayin zafin launi yana rinjayar haske mai haske – mafi girman shi, mafi girma f.

Ƙarfi

Ana auna ƙarfin fitilar a cikin Watts (W), wanda alamar “P” ke nunawa kuma yana nuna adadin kuzarin da aka cinye kowace raka’a na lokaci (awa). Shahararrun fitilun LED sune samfuran da ƙarfin 5 zuwa 13 W – sun dace da fitilun fitilu tare da ƙarfin 40-100 W.

Jimlar yawan amfani da wutar lantarki shine jimlar iko – LEDs da direba. Haka kuma, na karshen cinye ba fiye da 10% na ikon – idan sun kasance na high quality.

Samar da wutar lantarki da mita

Shagunan Rasha suna ba da fitilun da aka tsara don 12 V ko 220 V. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ana ba da wutar lantarki mai mahimmanci na 110 V, kuma fitilu da aka tsara don su ba su dace da masu amfani da mu ba.

Yadda ake magance damuwa:

• idan akwai alamar E akan tushe, wannan fitila ce 220 V;
• idan G shine fitilar duniya, an tsara shi don duka 12 V da 220 V.

Ana auna ƙarfin lantarki a cikin Volts (V) kuma ana nuna shi ta harafin U. Yawancin lokaci ana nuna siga akan marufi a cikin nau’i na kewayon – a ciki ne masana’anta ke ba da garantin daidai kuma amintaccen aiki na fitilar.

Idan, alal misali, an nuna cewa wutar lantarki mai aiki na fitilun yana cikin kewayon 176-264 V, a bayyane yake cewa zai iya tsayayya da mafi tsanani saukad da wutar lantarki a cikin hanyar sadarwa ba tare da rasa haske ba. Mitar aiki don fitilun LED shine 50/60 Hz.

Nau’in Plinth

Masu kera suna ba da fitilun LED tare da nau’ikan tushe daban-daban, suna ƙoƙarin biyan bukatun masu amfani gwargwadon iko. Mafi mashahuri nau’in tushe shine E27. Wannan sigar gargajiya ce wacce ta dace da tushen fitilun fitilu na al’ada.

Nau’in Plinth:

• E14 – minion;
• E27 – misali;
• E40 – don fitilu masu ƙarfi a cikin gida da waje;
• G4 – don maye gurbin fitilun halogen tare da LED;
• GU5.3, GU10, GX53 – don recessed da sama da luminaires a cikin rufi, furniture;
• G13 – nau’in juyawa na tubular tushe don fitilun T8.

Zazzabi mai launi

Dukkan fitulun fitulun suna fitar da haske iri daya ne, amma fitilun LED sun bambanta a cikin inuwar radiation. Ma’aunin haske na farin yana kasu kashi cikin yanayin tsaka tsaki, haske mai dumi da sanyi.

Yanayin zafin launi na fitilun LED:

• 2700-3200K – haske mai dumi. Yayi daidai da hasken fitulun wuta. Yana kwantar da hankali kuma yana haifar da yanayi mai daɗi.
• 3 200-4 500K – tsaka tsaki haske. Yana da kusanci kamar yadda zai yiwu zuwa hasken rana na halitta. Mafi dacewa don haskaka wuraren aiki.
• Daga 4 500K – hasken sanyi. Suna ba da haske mai launin shuɗi-fari. Ana amfani dashi a wuraren aiki. Inda babban maida hankali da mayar da hankali kan aikin da aka yi ana buƙata.

kusurwa mai watsawa

Wannan siga yana rinjayar yaduwar haske a sararin samaniya. An ƙaddara ta ƙirar mai watsawa kuma ya dogara da yadda LEDs suke. Matsakaicin yana daga digiri 210.

Idan kuna buƙatar hasken baya don aikin da ke da alaƙa da ƙananan abubuwa, ana bada shawara don siyan fitila tare da kusurwar watsawa na digiri 120.

A cikin fitilun da aka ƙera don haskakawa gabaɗaya, ana buƙatar fitilun tare da matsakaicin kusurwar katako. Kuma don fitilun tebur, akasin haka, zaɓi samfuran tare da ƙaramin ƙimar wannan alamar.

Dimmable

Dimmers su ne nau’ikan da aka ƙera don sarrafa hasken hasken, kuma suna ba ku damar canza hasken haske. Koyaya, ba duk direbobin fitilar LED ba ne ke da ikon tallafawa wannan zaɓi.

Farashin fitilun LED masu dimmable ya fi na al’ada, tunda kayan aikin su na lantarki sun fi rikitarwa. Fitilar LED na yau da kullun da aka haɗa da dimmer ba zai haskaka ba. Ko kuma zai yi walƙiya.

Ripple factor

Sakamakon buguwar haske, idanuwa kan gaji kuma jin daɗin rayuwa yana ƙara tsananta. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don siye da amfani da fitilun da ba su da raƙuman gani (bisa ga SNiP, an yarda da su a matakin 5-20%).

Kuna iya duba fitilar don bugun jini ta amfani da wayar hannu – duba hasken da take fitarwa ta kyamara. Idan akwai ripple, ratsi za su bayyana akan nunin.

Wasu masana’antun kawai suna nuna a cikin jerin halaye ma’aunin Kp – ma’aunin ripple. A haƙiƙa, wannan siffa ce mai matuƙar mahimmanci wacce lafiyar ɗan adam ta dogara da ita.

Shawarwari don pulsation factor na LED fitilu:

• Kp na fitulun da hanyar sadarwa ke aiki tare da tsayayye kai tsaye shine 0.
• Ana yin la’akari da fitilun LED mafi inganci, wanda Kp bai wuce 20% ba.
• Fitilolin da aka shigar da direbobi na yanzu suna da Kp na bai wuce 1% ba.

Ana iya ƙayyade Kp ta amfani da oscilloscope. Da farko, ana auna girman ma’aunin ma’aunin siginar da ke kan LEDs, sannan a raba shi ta hanyar wutar lantarki daga fitarwar wutar lantarki.

Yanayin zafin aiki

Wannan ma’aunin yana da mahimmanci musamman lokacin aiki da fitulu a waje ko a cikin ɗakunan samarwa marasa zafi. Akwai nau’ikan fitilun LED waɗanda ke aiki daidai a cikin takamaiman yanayin zafi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine daga -30 ° C zuwa + 60 ° C.

A cikin yankuna da yawa na Rasha, yawan zafin jiki a cikin hunturu ya ragu da yawa a ƙasa -30 ° C, wanda ke nufin cewa don titi da wuraren da ba su da zafi ya zama dole don zaɓar fitilun LED waɗanda aka tsara don ƙananan yanayin zafi.

Ya kamata a yi amfani da fitilun LED tare da taka tsantsan a cikin ɗakunan da ke da zafi mai zafi, da kuma kusa da tushen zafi – a cikin ɗakunan tururi, saunas, da dai sauransu.

Fihirisar yin launi

Ana nuna wannan siga ta CRI ko Ra kuma tana ba ku damar kimanta yanayin launi na abubuwa a cikin hasken da fitilu na LED ke fitarwa. Fihirisar da aka ba da shawarar ita ce Ra≥70.

Kariyar danshi da ƙura

An siffanta wannan sifa ta ƙirar haruffa – IPXX. Inda XX ne nau’i-nau’i na lambobi masu nuna matakin kariya na fitilar. Wannan siga ba koyaushe ake jera shi ba, musamman idan an yi nufin fitilar don amfanin cikin gida.

Rayuwar samfur

Lokacin aiki yana ɗan ƙayyadaddun bayanai, tunda shi, ƙayyadaddun ta masana’anta, ya shafi LEDs, kuma ba duka fitilar ba. Lokacin aiki na fitilun LED ya dogara da ingancin siyar da abubuwan, akan yadda aka haɗa harka da kyau.

Masu masana’anta, saboda tsawon rayuwar fitilun LED, ba sa gudanar da cikakken gwaje-gwaje don bincika lalacewar LEDs. Da’awar awoyi na aiki sun kai 30,000 ko fiye, wannan ka’ida ce kawai, ba ainihin lambobi ba.

Nau’in flask

Siffar flask ga yawancin masu amfani ba mahimmanci ba ne, amma a cikin halaye ana nuna shi sau da yawa a cikin layin farko. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana bayyana nau’in kwan fitila a cikin lambar alphanumeric.

Ana nuna sifofin kwararan fitila na fitilun LED da sunayensu a teburin da ke ƙasa:

Nauyi da girma

Nauyin fitilar LED yana da wuyar sha’awar masu siye, amma wannan siga na iya zama da amfani idan ya zo ga fitila mai nauyi.

Kowane masana’anta yana samar da irin waɗannan fitilun LED yadda ya ga dama. Fitillun da nau’o’i daban-daban ke samarwa na iya bambanta sosai a bayyanar, nauyi da girma. Alal misali, fitilu 10 W daga masana’antun daban-daban na iya samun bambanci a tsawon da nisa fiye da 1 cm.

Ta yaya fitilolin LED ke haskakawa?

Aiki na fitilar LED ya dogara ne akan tsarin jiki wanda ke faruwa a cikin semiconductor.

Yadda fitilar LED ke aiki:

• Hasken haske yana faruwa ne saboda wucewar wutar lantarki ta hanyar ma’amala na semiconductor tare da nau’i daban-daban – n da p. Ɗayan yana mamaye da electrons (n, tare da caji mara kyau), yayin da ɗayan ya mamaye ions (p, tare da caji mai kyau).
• Abubuwan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su suna ba da damar wutar lantarki ta gudana ta hanya ɗaya kawai. Lokacin da ɓangarorin da aka caje suka wuce iyakar semiconductor, haɗuwa yana faruwa – canjin electrons zuwa matakin makamashi na daban. A sakamakon haka, akwai haske ga ido.
• A lokaci guda tare da fitowar haske, ana fitar da zafi, wanda aka cire daga LEDs ta hanyar radiator.

Rating na mafi kyawun kwararan fitila na LED

Lokacin zabar fitilun LED, yana da mahimmanci don kula ba kawai ga halayen su ba, har ma ga masana’antun. Daga cikin kamfanoni da yawa da ke samar da fitilun LED, akwai shugabannin da samfuransu ke da matukar buƙata, kuma ingancinsu ba ya cikin shakka.

Philips

Kamfanin yana amfani da sabuwar fasaha, kuma fitilunsa ba su da lafiya ga idanu – an tabbatar da hakan ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje. A cikin layi – samfurin wanda, ta hanyar danna maballin, zaka iya canza yanayin zafi na haske. Har ila yau, kamfanin yana samar da samfurori na kasafin kuɗi – Mahimmanci.

Rashin hasara na samfuran Philips sun haɗa da tsadar mafi yawan samfuran, da kuma kunkuntar watsawar fitilu masu arha.

Osram

Wannan kamfani na Jamus yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana’antun hasken wuta a duniya. Yana wakiltar babban kewayon fitilun LED don fannoni da dalilai iri-iri. Dukkan fitilu suna halin kyakkyawan aiki da tattalin arziki.

Ƙarƙashin ƙasa shine ƙananan farashi mai girma da kuma rashin tushe don samfurin “smart” (wanda aka tsara don haɗin kai tsaye). Ganin cewa a Philips, alal misali, samfuran SmartSwitch suna sanye da mafi girman plinth.

Gauss

Ana bambanta fitilu na wannan masana’anta ta tsawon rayuwar sabis. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa samfuransa suna ɗaukar sa’o’i 50,000 – fitilu za su iya yin aiki na kusan shekaru 35. Garanti – 3-7 shekaru. Ainihin, kamfanin yana samar da fitilu masu haske (daga 900 lm) tare da launi mai tsaka tsaki.

Feron

Mai sana’anta ya warware ɗayan mahimman matsalolin LED-elements – dumama yayin aiki, saboda ƙirar musamman na radiator. Fitilolin Feron kusan basa yin zafi lokacin da suke haskakawa. Kamfanin yana ba da samfurori da yawa – yana da fitilu don kowane mafita na ciki ko injiniya.

Fitilolin Feron suna nuna kyakkyawar ma’anar launi da ƙarancin amfani. Amma akwai kuma rashin amfani – rashin cikakken aminci da haɗarin siyan aure.

rakumi

Haɗe a cikin TOP duniya masana’antun fitilu. Samfuran suna da mafi girman inganci, fa’ida mai fa’ida da mafita da yawa da ba a saba gani ba. Fitilolin Camelion suna daɗe na dogon lokaci, suna ba da haske, haske mara kyalkyali kuma suna cin kuzari kaɗan.

Yadda za a canza zuwa fitilun LED?

Sha’awar ajiyewa bai kamata ya rinjayi lissafin sanyi ba. Kada ku yi gaggawar zuwa shago kuma ku sayi fitilun LED don maye gurbin duk fitilun da ke cikin gidan ku lokaci guda.

Lokacin canjawa zuwa hasken LED, zama jagora ta ka’idodi masu zuwa:

1. Sauya da farko kawai fitilu mafi ƙarfi – daga 60 watts. Ajiye daga maye gurbin ƙananan fitilu ƙananan ƙananan kuma farashin LED-analogues bazai biya ba.
2. Sauya fitilun a cikin waɗannan fitilun da ke ƙone mafi yawan lokacin rana – a cikin zauren, gandun daji, ofis. Babu ma’ana don canza fitulun inda ba a kunna su ba – a cikin gidajen canji, dakunan amfani, da sauransu.
3. Kada ku sayi kwararan fitila da yawa na kamfani ɗaya lokaci guda. Ɗauki 1-2 don gwadawa. Yi kimanta bakan sannan kawai yanke shawara.

Masu kera fitilun LED ba su tsaya cik ba – kasuwa don samfuran su yana haɓakawa da haɓakawa. Da yake sha’awar halaye na LED fitilu, su fasali da kuma damar iya yin komai, ba za ka iya kawai ajiye a kan amfani da wutar lantarki, amma kuma optimally warware matsalar lighting na zama da kuma wadanda ba na zama gabatarwa, tsakar gida da kuma lambuna.