Iri-iri na da’irori na direbobi da haɗin kai

Don zaɓar direba don fitilar LED kuma, a nan gaba, shigar da shi daidai, kuna buƙatar sanin kanku da mahimman zane-zane da sigogi. Na’urar da aka zaɓa da kyau ba kawai za ta tsawaita rayuwar samfurin ba, har ma tana adana kuɗi.

LED fitila na’urar

Samfuran fitilar diode sun fara maye gurbin daidaitattun. Suna da tsada, amma sigogin fasaha na su sun fi girma fiye da samfuran da ba a daɗe ba. Don fahimtar yadda suke aiki, kuna buƙatar sanin na’urar fitilar LED.
Ya ƙunshi abubuwa guda 5 waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin akwati ɗaya:

• Plinth –  wani sinadari da aka dunkule a cikin soket na chandelier ko wata fitila. An bayar don:
  • nau’in dunƙule amfanin gida E27 da E14, wanda aka yi da tagulla tare da murfin hana lalata nickel;
  • don wasu buƙatu, ana samar da hanyoyin haske tare da tushen fil.
• Driver  – wani kashi ne wanda ke daidaita wutar lantarki mai shigowa kuma yana canza canjin halin yanzu zuwa kai tsaye. Hakanan yana ba da wutar lantarki ga LED. Ya ƙunshi sassa 3:
  • microchips;
  • pulse transformer;
  • capacitors.

• Heatsink wani abu ne wanda ke cire zafi kuma yana ba da LEDs tare da mafi kyawun zafin jiki don aiki. Yawancin lokaci yana samar da sashin jiki na bayyane.
• Mai watsawa shine  “wuya” mai haske wanda ke taimakawa rarraba haske a sararin samaniya. An yi shi a cikin nau’i na hemisphere don watsar da hasken wuta a wani kusurwa mai fadi. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su shine polycarbonate ko filastik. Yana hana ƙura da danshi shiga gidan. Don tausasa kaifi na haske da kuma rage tasiri mai ban haushi a kan idanu, an rufe wannan kashi tare da phosphor daga ciki. Wannan yana samun zafin launi mai kama da hasken halitta.
• LEDs sune babban kayan aiki na fitilar, saboda abin da haske ya bayyana. Akwai manyan fasahohin taro guda 4:
  • Fasahar SMD ita ce ta fi kowa a rayuwar yau da kullum. An sanya crystal a saman na’urar haske;
  • DIP – wani abu mai haske ya ƙunshi 1 mai ƙarfi crystal, a saman abin da aka haɗa ruwan tabarau;
  • Piranha – masoya na masana’antar kera motoci, akwai lambobi 4;
  • Fasahar COB shine ingantaccen tsarin haɗin guntu na LED, zaɓi mafi kariya daga zafi da iskar shaka.

A cikin kayayyaki masu tsada, ƙila ba za a sami direba ba, maimakon haka, ana shigar da wutar lantarki, wanda ba ya ba da ƙarfin halin yanzu ko ƙarfin lantarki.

Iri-iri na da’irar direba da fasalin su

Masu sana’a galibi suna samar da direbobi akan haɗaɗɗun da’irori (ICs) waɗanda ke ba ku damar yin wuta daga ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Duk masu juyawa don hasken LED waɗanda suke a halin yanzu sun kasu zuwa:

• halitta a kan tushen 1÷3 transistor – mai sauƙi;
• tare da kwakwalwan kwamfuta tare da PWM – hadaddun.

Madaidaicin zane na direba na LED:
Haɗa zuwa wutar lantarki da adadin LEDs a cikinsa yana rinjayar ƙarfin fitarwa. Adadin halin yanzu da direba ya kamata ya ba da kai tsaye ya dogara da jimillar ƙarfi da hasken haskensu. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙarfi ta amfani da dabara: P = P(led) × n, inda:

• P (jagora) shine yuwuwar kashi ɗaya;
• n shine adadin abubuwan LED.

Mahimman bayanai:

• Direct rated current shine babban siga na kowane LED. Yin la’akari da shi, muna yin hasara a cikin haske, kuma muna yin la’akari da shi, muna rage yawan rayuwar sabis.
• Wutar lantarki da aka bayar a cikin bayanan bayanan zuwa LED ba ta da mahimmanci kuma yana nuna adadin volts nawa ne kawai za su faɗo a mahadar pn lokacin da ƙimar halin yanzu ke gudana. Dole ne a san ma’anarsa.
• Don haɗa manyan LEDs, tsarin sanyaya mai inganci yana da mahimmanci. Lokacin shigar da LEDs tare da amfani da wutar lantarki fiye da 0.5 W akan radiator, aiki na dogon lokaci zai ci gaba.

Haɗa LEDs zuwa direba:

Tabbatar yin la’akari da yanayin launi na mabukaci lokacin ƙididdigewa, saboda yana rinjayar raguwar ƙarfin lantarki.

Dangane da ingancin direba, sun kasu kashi 3:

• low quality, aiki har zuwa 20 dubu hours;
• tare da matsakaicin sigogi – har zuwa sa’o’i dubu 50;
• Converter, kunsha na aka gyara na sanannun brands – 70 dubu hours kuma mafi.

Tare da capacitors don rage ƙarfin lantarki

Capacitor C1 yana ba da kariya daga tsangwama na mains, kuma C4 yana fitar da ɓangarorin. A halin yanzu ana amfani da na’urar, 2 resistors – R2 da R3 – iyakance shi kuma a lokaci guda suna kare shi daga gajeriyar kewayawa, kuma nau’in VD1 yana canza canjin wutar lantarki. Lokacin da kayan aiki na yanzu ya tsaya, ana fitar da capacitor tare da taimakon resistor R4. R2, R3 da R4 duk masana’antun ba sa amfani da su.
Minuses:

1. Diode ƙonewa , tun da ba a lura da kwanciyar hankali na yanzu ba. Wutar lantarki ta ɗauka gabaɗaya ta dogara ne akan ƙarfin wutar lantarki.
2. Babu warewa galvanic , akwai haɗarin girgiza wutar lantarki. Ba a ba da shawarar taɓa abubuwan da ke ɗauke da yanzu yayin rarraba fitilun ba, saboda suna ƙarƙashin lokaci.
3. A zahiri ba zai yiwu a cimma manyan igiyoyin haske ba, saboda wannan yana buƙatar haɓaka ƙarfin capacitors.

Tare da izala direba

Yana ba da kariya daga hauhawar wutar lantarki da tsangwama a cikin hanyar sadarwa. Misali shine samfurin CPC9909. Ingancin ya kai 98% – mai nuna alama wanda mutum zai iya magana da gaske game da tanadin makamashi da tanadi.
Ana iya yin amfani da na’urar kai tsaye daga babban ƙarfin lantarki – har zuwa 550 V, tun lokacin da direba ya sanye da wani ma’auni mai ginawa.

Ana samun nasarar amfani da microcircuit don haɓaka hanyoyin sadarwar wutar lantarki na gaggawa da madadin, saboda ya dace da haɓaka da’irori masu juyawa.

A gida, dangane da CPC9909, fitilun da ke da batir ko direbobi masu ƙarfin da bai wuce 25 V ba galibi ana haɗa su. Misali, guntu MAX16833 yana da kewayon shigar da wutar lantarki daga 5 zuwa 65 V, yayin da MAX16822 yana da kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na 6.5 zuwa 65 V. Wasu kwakwalwan kwamfuta suna ba ku damar saita mitar juyawa daga 20 kHz zuwa 2 MHz. MAX16801 da MAX16802 LED direbobi masu kula da direba suna ba ka damar zana mai canza DC/DC tare da fitarwa na yanzu har zuwa 10A. MAX16807, MAX16809, MAX16838, da MAX16814 LED direbobi suna ba da 1: 5000 fitarwa na halin yanzu daidaitawa. Yawancin direbobin LED masu sauyawa suna ba ku damar zaɓar mafi kyawun yanayin da’ira don iyakar aiki.

Tare da dimmable direba

Ana amfani da dimmer don canza ƙarfin fitilun a hankali. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan sigogi shine iko. Matsakaicin adadin fitilun da aka haɗa da shi ya dogara da ikon. Daidaita hasken wutar lantarki yana ba ka damar saita matakin da ake so na hasken wuta a cikin ɗakin. Yana da dadi:

• lokacin ƙirƙirar yankuna daban-daban;
• rage hasken haske a cikin rana;
• don haskaka abubuwan ciki.

An raba su zuwa rukuni bisa ga nau’in sarrafawa:

• inji;
• maɓallin turawa;
• m.

Tare da taimakon dimmer, amfani da wutar lantarki ya zama mafi mahimmanci, kuma rayuwar sabis na kayan lantarki yana ƙaruwa.

Akwai iri guda 2:

• Tare da PWM iko. Ana shigar da su tsakanin fitila da wutar lantarki. Ana ba da makamashi a cikin nau’in bugun jini na tsawon lokaci daban-daban.
• Kallo na 2. Ana amfani da su don na’urori masu tsayayyen halin yanzu kuma suna shafar tushen wutar da kanta.

Fitilar e14 dimmable LED ta dace sosai don kammala tsarin sarrafa kansa. Yi jimre da aikin tushen hasken. Masu amfani suna buƙatar su sosai. 14 shine diamita na tushen fitilar, wanda aka bayyana a cikin millimeters. A yau, waɗannan kwararan fitila suna samuwa a cikin nau’i daban-daban:

• ball;
• digo;
• kyandir;
• naman kaza.

Tsarin haɗin direba don LEDs

Akwai nau’ikan haɗin gwiwa guda uku, bari mu kalli misali tare da masu amfani da 6. Rashin wutar lantarkin su shine 3 V, yawan amfanin yau da kullun shine 300mA:

• m;
• a layi daya;
• a jere ta 2.

Babban nau’ikan tsare-tsare:

• tushen Microchip. PT4115 yana da fil ɗin daban don sarrafa kunnawa da kashe LEDs. Amfani da wannan fil, zaka iya samun direban LED mai dimmable cikin sauƙi. Ana samun direban dimmable ta hanyar canza yuwuwar matakin a fil ɗin DIM (aikin direba na ci gaba), ko ta amfani da siginar bugun jini na zagayowar aikin da ake so zuwa gare shi (yanayin bugun jini tare da tasirin stroboscopic). A cikin yanayin ƙarshe, matsakaicin adadin maimaita bugun bugun jini shine 50 kHz.
• Sauƙaƙen kunna LEDs, idan an haɗa capacitor tsakanin fil ɗin DIM da ƙasa. Lokacin isa mafi girman haske zai dogara ne akan ƙarfin capacitor, mafi girma shine, tsayin fitilar zai haskaka, bi da bi.
• Tare da dimmer na yau da kullun. Yana aiki saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin microcircuit DIM fil an “jawo sama” zuwa bas ɗin 5 V ta hanyar tsayayyar 200 kΩ. Lokacin da madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin yana cikin matsayi mafi girma, ana samar da mai rarraba wutar lantarki na 200 + 200 kΩ kuma ana samun yuwuwar 5/2 = 2.5 V a madaidaicin DIM, wanda yayi daidai da haske 100%.
• Ba tare da warewar galvanic ba . Mai sauƙi kuma abin dogara. Mai rarraba yana dogara ne akan iyawa. Na’urar lantarki ta electrolytic capacitor yana fitar da ƙugiya bayan gyarawa. L7812 ita ce stabilizer kanta.

An ƙera direbobi don sassauta duk wani motsi na yanzu a cikin tsarin lantarki. Zaɓin su ko taron kansu dole ne a kusanci su da gaskiya kuma kawai bayan ƙididdige duk sigogin da ake buƙata. Shirye-shiryen direbobi zasu taimake ka ka zaɓi na’urar da ta dace kuma shigar da ita daidai.