Features da haɗin 12 volt LED fitilu

Tare da haɓaka injiniyoyin lantarki, fitilar incandescent na gargajiya ba shine kawai zaɓi don hasken gida ba. 12V LED fitilu sun sami babban shahara tsakanin masu amfani. Saboda yawan ƙarfin kuzarinsu da amincin su, sun maye gurbin na’urori na gargajiya.

Na’urar da ka’idar aiki na fitilun LED

Fitilolin da ke fitar da haske (LED) suna aiki akan ƙarfin lantarki na 12 V kuma suna da abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke haɗin haɗin gwiwa a cikin gida ɗaya.

Yi la’akari da manyan abubuwan:

• Plinth. Ana murɗa shi a cikin soket na chandelier ko wata fitila. Mafi sau da yawa, don amfanin gida, ana samar da tushe mai tushe na nau’ikan E27 da E14. An yi su ne da tagulla, tare da abin rufe fuska mai lalata nickel.
• Direba. Abun da ke daidaita wutar lantarki mai shigowa. Yana canza AC zuwa DC don kunna LED.
• Radiator. Abun da ke haifar da ingantaccen zafin aiki don LEDs. Mafi na kowa su ne aluminum da composite, su ne quite kasafin kudin da nagarta sosai cire zafi.
• Diffuser. “Kaho” mai haske wanda ke taimakawa wajen raba haske a sararin samaniya. An samar da shi a cikin nau’i na hemisphere don watsa haske a kusurwa mai fadi. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su shine polycarbonate ko filastik. Mai watsawa yana hana ƙura da danshi shiga cikin gidaje.
• LEDs. Babban bangaren aiki na fitilar. Saboda aikin diode, hasken wuta yana bayyana.

Na’urar fitilar LED:

Tsarin aiki yana dogara ne akan matakai na jiki a cikin semiconductors. Hasken haske yana bayyana bayan wucewar wutar lantarki ta iyakar haɗin haɗin semiconductor guda biyu, ɗaya daga cikinsu yakamata ya mamaye na’urorin lantarki waɗanda ke da caji mara kyau, ɗayan kuma ta hanyar ions masu inganci.

A sakamakon haka, haske yana iya gani ga ido. Baya ga haske, akwai kuma sakin zafi, wanda aka cire daga LED ta amfani da radiator.

Bayani dalla-dalla na 12V LED kwararan fitila

Akwai da yawa fasaha da kuma aiki fasali na 12 V fitilu. Jerin manyan:

• Zazzabi mai launi. Ayyukansa yana cikin kewayon 2700-6500 K. Lokacin da fitilar ke aiki, sanyi (fari) ko dumi (rawaya) haske ya fi rinjaye.
• Dorewa. Matsakaicin rayuwar na’urorin hasken wuta shine sa’o’i 50,000.
• Ƙarfi Wannan alamar yana da mahimmanci don ƙididdige yawan amfani da hasken wuta a cikin ɗaki ko ginin gaba ɗaya. Ga kowane nau’in fitilun LED, yawan wutar lantarki ya bambanta daga 3 zuwa 25 watts.
• Samun direba. A matsayinka na mai mulki, masana’antun suna yin fitilun LED tare da babban adadin ƙarfin lantarki – alal misali, 150-250 V. Saboda haka, irin waɗannan na’urori ba su da haɗari ga manyan ƙarfin wutar lantarki.
• Hanyar kwararar haske. LED da kanta zai iya kai tsaye radiation a hanya daya kawai. Idan na’urar hasken wuta dole ne ta haskaka duk abin da ke kusa da ko’ina, saboda wannan wajibi ne a sanya mai watsawa da aka yi da polycarbonate mai sanyi a gaban LED.
• Ikon daidaita haske. Don sarrafa matakin haske, ana amfani da dimmer (na’urar da ke samar da wuta a cikin nau’i na bugun jini). Dangane da mitar bugun bugun jini, hasken yana ƙonewa ko haske.

Nau’in fitilun LED da sansanonin su

Ta hanyar ƙira, tushen hasken LED ya kasu kashi da yawa. Waɗannan su ne:

• na’urori na gaba ɗaya – ana amfani da su don haskaka gine-ginen masana’antu, da kuma a cikin sararin samaniya;
• Fitilar LED tare da madaidaiciyar haske – sanya a cikin kayan aiki, ana amfani da su don haskaka sassan gine-gine da shimfidar wuri;
• fitilu masu layi – suna da tushe iri ɗaya tare da masu kyalli, wanda ke ba ku damar maye gurbin tushen haske nan da nan tare da wani.

Lokacin haɗa tushen LED zuwa layin lantarki tare da ƙarfin lantarki na 220 V, dole ne a kunna su ta hanyar samar da wutar lantarki, wanda aka zaɓa ta la’akari da manufar kayan aiki.

Nau’in kayan wuta:

• An rufe – ana amfani dashi don shigar da fitilu a cikin gidan wanka, sauna, azaman hasken titi.
• Leaky – an tsara shi don shigarwa a cikin gida tare da alamar zafi na al’ada.
• Tare da sanyaya mai aiki – sanye take da fan don ƙara ƙarfi da rage girman.
• Sanyi mai wucewa – ana amfani da heatsink don cire zafi.

Babban halayen kayan wuta:

• Ƙarfi
• fitarwa halin yanzu.
• Fitar wutar lantarki.

Domin tushen hasken LED ya dace da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki da aka riga aka yi amfani da shi na gidaje, an sanye su da sansanonin dunƙule. A matsayin madadin fitilun halogen, ana samar da fitilu tare da tushen fil.

Ana gabatar da manyan nau’ikan plinths a cikin tebur:

Zazzabi mai launi

A cikin hasken tushen hasken LED, ko dai shuɗi mai tsayi ko ja tare da rawaya ya fi rinjaye. Saboda wannan dalili, an raba su zuwa sanyi da dumi, bi da bi.

Yanayin zafin launi yana da fa’ida:

• har zuwa 2800 K – dumi rawaya haske tare da ja tint;
• 3000 K – dumi farin haske tare da rawaya;
• 3500 K – haske mai tsaka tsaki na halitta;
• 4000 K – ruwan sanyi;
• 5000-6000 K – hasken rana;
• 6500 K da sama – lokacin sanyi tare da launin shuɗi.

Wutar lantarki da ƙarfin aiki 

Yin nazarin kaddarorin aiki akan marufin samfur, yawancin suna mai da hankali kan ƙimar amfani da wutar lantarki da ƙarfin aiki.

Alamar wutar lantarki yana da mahimmanci lokacin ƙididdige yawan yawan wutar lantarki. Ana samar da fitilun LED tare da iko daban-daban, daidai da manufar su. Misali, daga 3 zuwa 20 watts ya isa gida, ana buƙatar ƙarin fitilu masu ƙarfi, kusan watts 25, don haskaka titi.

Wani muhimmin alama shine ƙarfin aiki. Madogararsa na yanzu na iya zama m ko mai canzawa, amma ƙarfin wutar lantarki na LEDs yana buƙatar akai-akai – 12 V. Direba yana da alhakin aikin su, wanda ya canza shi a cikin hanyar sadarwa zuwa alamar da ake bukata.

Ina ake amfani da fitilun LED na 12V?

Saboda ƙarancin wutar lantarki da kuma yawan nau’in tushe, 12 volt LED kwararan fitila na duniya ne. Ana iya amfani da su don:

• haske na yau da kullun (12 volt LEDs don chandeliers), gami da waɗanda aka gina a cikin shimfidar shimfiɗa (fitilar rufin LED);
• fitilu na ado – na waje da na ciki (haskoki).

Fitilar LED masu motoci daban-daban nau’i ne na daban, waɗanda za’a iya shigar dasu a kusan duk na’urorin hasken abin hawa. Fitilar LED mai lamba 12v kuma an tsara shi don cornices, furniture, tagogin kantuna, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, hanyoyin lambu, gadajen fure. A sauƙaƙe haɗa cikin tsari:

• bangarori;
• allunan talla;
• allunan alamomi.

Ƙarƙashin wutar lantarki yana ba da na’urori tare da ƙãra wutar lantarki da lafiyar wuta, wanda ya ba su damar amfani da su a cikin dakuna masu zuwa:

• dafa abinci;
• dakunan wanka;
• saunas;
• wuraren waha, ciki har da hasken karkashin ruwa;
• ɗakunan ajiya;
• ginshiƙai;
• a waje ba tare da matakan kariya na musamman da wayoyi tare da ƙarar rufi ba.

Tsarin wiring don fitilun 12 V

Haɗin yana kama da fitilu masu ƙyalƙyali da fitilu – yakamata ku rage kuzarin harsashi kuma ku dunƙule fitilar a ciki. Idan kana buƙatar haɗa hanyoyin hasken LED da yawa, to, zaɓuɓɓukan haɗi biyu suna yiwuwa: serial da parallel.

serial connection

Yana buƙatar ƙaramin adadin wayoyi, amma ba kasafai ake amfani dashi ba. Dalilin haka kuwa shi ne nakasu kamar haka:

• lokacin da kwan fitila ɗaya ya ƙone, da’ira gaba ɗaya ta kasa;
• fitilu ba sa aiki da cikakken ƙarfi, tun lokacin da aka haɗa su cikin jerin, ana taƙaita ƙarfin lantarki.

Tsarin yana da sauƙi:

1. Jagorar lokaci daga akwatin mahaɗa zuwa maɓalli.
2. Daga sauyawa, shimfiɗa lokaci zuwa fitilar LED.
3. Haɗa wayar tsaka tsaki zuwa lamba ta biyu na fitilar ƙarshe a cikin kewaye.
4. Janye wayar zamani daga fitulun zuwa juna.

Haɗin layi ɗaya

Babban fa’ida shine cewa ana amfani da irin ƙarfin lantarki iri ɗaya akan duk kwararan fitila a cikin kewaye. A cikin yanayi na ƙonawa, kawai tushen hasken da ya gaza ya sauke daga cikin kewayawa, wanda ke da sauƙin sauyawa.

Yana da mahimmanci a yi la’akari da lokacin haɗin duk abubuwa. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da toshe tasha don wannan. A gefe guda, ana ba da wani lokaci zuwa ga masu tsallensa, a gefe na baya, ana haɗa wayoyi, suna shimfiɗa daga kwararan fitila.

Tsarin waya:

Fa’idodi da rashin amfani

Don canzawa zuwa na’urorin hasken wuta waɗanda ke da alaƙa da tushen wutar lantarki mara ƙarfi, ya kamata ku yi nazarin fa’idodi da rashin amfanin su. Daga cikin fa’idojin akwai:

• Tsaro. Yin amfani da fitilun LED a cikin gyare-gyare na 12V yana ƙara matakin kariya kuma yana kawar da yiwuwar girgiza wutar lantarki.
• Tsaron wuta. Ƙarƙashin wutar lantarki ba zai iya zama tushen ƙonewa da haifar da wuta ba.
• Ajiye Lokacin amfani da wannan hasken haske don ɗakin, yawan amfani da wutar lantarki da kuma, bisa ga haka, an rage farashin kuɗi don biyan kuɗi.
• Abotakan muhalli. Zane-zanen ba sa amfani da kayan da, yayin aikin na’urar, ke fitar da abubuwa masu cutarwa ga lafiyar mutum ko dabba.
• Abin dogaro. Fitilolin suna da matukar juriya ga lalacewar injina: karce, guntu, da sauransu.

Rashin hasara na fitilun LED da aka tsara don 12V sun haɗa da:

• Bukatar na’urar samar da wutar lantarki (PSU). Kasancewar direban da ke daidaitawa da rage karfin wutar lantarki daga 220 zuwa 12 V yana rikitar da wayoyi, yana rage tasirin hasken wuta, kuma saboda haka ƙarin hanyar haɗin gwiwa ta bayyana a cikin kewaye, wanda zai iya kasawa.
• Haske mai haske. Ƙarfin fitilun da aka haɗa zuwa cibiyar sadarwa mara ƙarfi yana tasiri ta hanyar raguwar ƙarfin lantarki. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yawan amfani da na yanzu.

Madogarar hasken LED da aka zaɓa daidai zai yi aiki na dogon lokaci. Yanzu babban hasara na fitilu shine tsadar su, amma tare da haɓakawa da haɓaka fasaha, za su kasance a fili ga duk masu siye.

Ana iya kiran fitilun LED na volt 12 mafi kyawun zaɓi ga mabukaci. Suna da duk halayen da ake buƙata don yin nasara da ingantaccen aiki na dogon lokaci. Masu sana’a suna ba da dama mai yawa, suna ba kowa damar zaɓar mafi kyawun zaɓi don kansu.