Ʋukulawo ƒe nutome vovovowo kple eƒe kadodo

Be nàtia ʋukula na LED-kaɖi eye le etsɔme la, nàdee nyuie la, ele be nànya nɔnɔmetata kple nɔnɔme siwo hiã la nyuie. Menye ɖeko mɔ̃ si wotia nyuie ana adzɔnua ƒe agbenɔƒe nadidi ɖe edzi ko o, ke ana nàkpɔ ga hã.

LED-kaɖi ƒe mɔ̃

Diode-kaɖia ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo te esiwo wozãna ɖaa la ɖɔliɖɔli. Woxɔ asi ŋutɔ, gake woƒe mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe nɔnɔmewo de ŋgɔ sã wu esiwo megazãna o. Be nàse alesi wowɔa dɔe gɔme la, ele be nànya mɔ̃ si le LED-kaɖia ŋu.
Nu 5 ye le eme siwo do ƒome le go ɖeka me:

• Plinth –  nusi wotsɔna ƒoa ka ɖe akaɖiti alo akaɖi bubu ƒe socket me. Woɖee ɖe go na:
  • aƒeme zazã screw ƒomevi E27 kple E14, si wotsɔ akɔbli wɔ kple nickel anti-corrosion coating;
  • le hiahiã bubuwo gome la, wowɔa kekelitsoƒe siwo ŋu wotsɔa pin ɖona.
• Ʋukula  – nusi naa elektrikŋusẽ si gbɔna la nɔa te eye wòtrɔa elektrikŋusẽ si trɔna la wòzua mɔfiame. Enaa ŋusẽ hã LED la. Akpa 3 ye le eme:
  • nusuekpɔmɔ̃wo;
  • ʋu ƒe sisi ƒe tɔtrɔ;
  • capacitors siwo wotsɔna ƒoa ƒui.

• Heatsink nye nusi ɖea dzoxɔxɔ ɖa eye wònaa dzoxɔxɔ nyuitɔ kekeake nɔa LED-awo ŋu hena dɔwɔwɔ. Zi geɖe la, eyae wɔa ŋutilã ƒe akpa si wokpɔna.
• Diffuser nye  “cap” si me kɔ si kpena ɖe kekeli mama ŋu le yamenutome. Wowɔe le afã ƒe nɔnɔme me hena kekeli ƒe keklẽwo kaka ɖe dzogoe gbadza dzi. Nusi wozãnae nye polycarbonate alo plastic. Exea mɔ na ke kple tsi ƒe gege ɖe xɔa me o. Be kekeli ƒe ɖaɖɛ nafa eye wòaɖe ŋusẽ si doa dziku na ŋkuawo dzi akpɔtɔ la, wotsɔa phosphor si tso eme la ƒoa nu sia nu. Esia naa amadede ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si sɔ kple dzɔdzɔmekekeli tɔ.
• LED- woe nye akaɖia ƒe akpa vevitɔ si wɔa dɔ, si ta keklẽ aɖe dona. Chip kpekpe mɔ̃ɖaŋununya vevi 4 ye li:
  • SMD mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ye bɔ ​​wu le gbesiagbegbenɔnɔ me. Wotsɔa kristalo la dana ɖe kekelimɔ̃a ƒe anyime;
  • DIP – kekeli ƒe akpa aɖe si me kristalo sesẽ 1 le, si dzi wotsɔa ŋkumeɖonu ɖona;
  • Piranha – lɔlɔ̃tɔwo le ʋudɔwɔƒewo, kadodo 4 ye li;
  • COB mɔ̃ɖaŋununya nye LED chip kadodo ƒe ɖoɖo deŋgɔ aɖe, si nye tiatia si wokpɔ ta na wu tso dzoxɔxɔ si gbɔ eme kple oxidation me.

Le nusiwo mexɔ asi o me la, ɖewohĩ ʋukula aɖeke manɔ anyi o, ke boŋ wodea elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ aɖe eme, si menaa elektrikŋusẽ alo elektrikŋusẽ ƒe liƒo nɔa anyi o.

Ʋukulawo ƒe nutome sue vovovowo kple woƒe nɔnɔmewo

Ʋukulawo koŋue ʋukulawo wɔna le integrated circuits (IC) siwo nana nète ŋu kpɔa ŋusẽ tso elektrikŋusẽ si mebɔ o me. Woma LED-kaɖiwo ƒe tɔtrɔmɔ̃ siwo katã li fifia ɖe:

• wowɔe ɖe 1÷3 transistor dzi – bɔbɔe;
• kple chips kple PWM – sesẽ.

Standard LED driver wiring diagram:
Do ka kple elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ kple LED ƒe xexlẽme si le eme kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe elektrikŋusẽ si dona le eme dzi. Elektrikŋusẽ agbɔsɔsɔme si wòle be ʋukulaa nado tẽ la nɔ te ɖe woƒe keklẽŋusẽ ƒe ŋusẽ kple keklẽ bliboa dzi. Woateŋu abu ŋusẽ ƒe akɔnta to nɔnɔmetata sia zazã me: P = P(led) × n, afisi:

• P(led) nye nu ɖeka ƒe ŋutete;
• n nye LED ƒe akpawo ƒe xexlẽme.

Nya veviwo:

• Direct rated current nye nu vevitɔ si le LED ɖesiaɖe me. Ne míebu eŋu nu tsɛe la, míebua keklẽa, eye míebunɛ wògbɔa eme la, míeɖea subɔsubɔ ƒe agbenɔƒe dzi kpɔtɔna ŋutɔ.
• Voltage si wona le datasheet me na LED la menye nyametsotso o eye ɖeko wòfia volt nenie aɖiɖi le pn junction ne rated current la le sisim. Ele be woanya gɔmesese si le eŋu.
• Be woatsɔ LED siwo ŋu ŋusẽ le aƒo ka na wo la, fafamɔ̃ si ƒe nyonyome de ŋgɔ le vevie. Ne èle LED siwo ƒe ŋusẽ zãna wu 0.5 W dem radiator dzi la, dɔwɔwɔ si li ke ɣeyiɣi didi ayi edzi.

LED-wo ƒe kadodo kple ʋukulaa:

Kpɔ egbɔ be yebu nuƒlela ƒe amadede ƒe akpa ŋu ne èle akɔnta bum, elabena ekpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe elektrikŋusẽ ƒe ɖiɖi dzi.

Le ʋukulaa ƒe nyonyome nu la, woma wo ɖe ƒomevi 3 me:

• ƒe nyonyome mede o, wowɔa dɔ vaseɖe gaƒoƒo akpe 20;
• kple parameters le mama dedie nu – vaseɖe gaƒoƒo akpe 50;
• converter, si me akpa siwo le adzɔnu nyanyɛwo me le – gaƒoƒo akpe 70 kple esi wu nenema.

Le capacitors be woaɖe voltage dzi akpɔtɔ

Capacitor C1 kpɔa ame ta tso elektrikŋusẽ ƒe nutsotso me, eye C4 naa ƒutsotsoewo nɔa blɔ. Le ɣeyiɣi si me wole elektrikŋusẽa zãm la, tsitretsiɖeŋunu 2 – R2 kple R3 – ɖoa seɖoƒe nɛ eye le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me la, wokpɔa eta tso nutome kpui aɖe me, eye VD1 ƒe akpaa trɔa elektrikŋusẽ si trɔna la. Ne fifia ƒe tsɔtsɔme nu tso la, woɖea capacitor la ɖa to resistor R4 ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu me. R2, R3 kple R4 nye esiwo dɔwɔƒewo katã zãna o.
Nusiwo woɖe le eme:

1. Diode burnout , elabena womeléa ŋku ɖe fifi ƒe tsɔtsɔme ƒe liƒo ŋu o. Agba ƒe ʋuʋudedi nɔ te ɖe elektrikŋusẽ si wotsɔna naa amewo dzi keŋkeŋ.
2. No galvanic isolation , afɔku li be elektrikŋusẽ naƒo ame. Womekafui be woaka asi nusiwo tsɔa elektrikŋusẽ le akaɖiawo ɖeɖeɖa me o, elabena wole phase te.
3. It is practically impossible to achieve high glow currents , elabena esia abia be woadzi capacitors la ƒe capacitances ɖe edzi.

Le impulse ʋukulaa me

Ekpɔa ame ta tso ŋusẽ ƒe dzidziɖedzi kple nusiwo doa kplamatse network la me. Kpɔɖeŋu aɖee nye CPC9909 ƒe kpɔɖeŋu. Dɔwɔwɔ nyuie ɖoa 98% – dzesi si dzi ame ate ŋu aƒo nu tso ŋusẽzazã nyuie kple gadzadzraɖo ŋu ŋutɔŋutɔ le.
Woateŋu ana ŋusẽ mɔ̃a tẽ tso elektrikŋusẽ si nu sẽ me – vaseɖe 550 V, elabena wotsɔ nusi wotu ɖe ʋukulaa me be wòali ke.

Wozãa microcircuit la dzidzedzetɔe na kpata kple megbe akaɖi ŋusẽ networkwo ƒe ŋgɔyiyi, elabena esɔ na boost converter nutome suewo.

Le aƒeme la, wotu ɖe CPC9909 dzi la, woƒoa akaɖi siwo zãa batri alo ʋukula siwo ƒe ŋusẽ mede 25 V o nu ƒu zi geɖe. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, MAX16833 chip la ƒe input voltage range nye 5 va ɖo 65 V, gake MAX16822 ya ƒe voltage range nye 6.5 va ɖo 65 V. Chip aɖewo ɖea mɔ na wò be nàɖo conversion frequency tso 20 kHz va ɖo 2 MHz. MAX16801 kple MAX16802 LED ʋukulawo dziɖulawo ɖea mɔ na wò be nàwɔ DC/DC tɔtrɔmɔ̃ si me woate ŋu awɔ elektrikŋusẽ si ade 10A.MAX16807, MAX16809, MAX16838, kple MAX16814 LED ʋukulawo naa elektrikŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ ƒe didime si nye 1:5000. LED ʋukulawo ƒe tɔtrɔ akpa gãtɔ ɖea mɔ na wò be nàtia nutome sue ƒe nɔnɔme nyuitɔ kekeake hena dɔwɔwɔ si sɔ gbɔ wu.

Kple ʋukula si woate ŋu atsɔ awɔ dɔe

Wozãa dimmer la tsɔ trɔa akaɖia ƒe sesẽme nyuie. Nusiwo koŋ wotsɔ wɔa dɔe dometɔ ɖekae nye ŋusẽ. Akaɖi agbɔsɔsɔme si woatsɔ aƒo ka nɛ la nɔ te ɖe ŋusẽ si le eŋu dzi. Ne ètrɔ asi le akaɖiawo ƒe keklẽ ŋu la, àte ŋu aɖo akaɖi ƒe sesẽme si nèdi le xɔa me. Eɖea dzi ɖi:

• ne wole nuto vovovowo wɔm;
• kekeli ƒe keklẽ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ le ŋkeke me;
• be woahe susu ayi nu siwo le eme dzi.

Woma wo ɖe hatsotsowo me le alesi woawɔ akpɔ wo dzii nu:

• mɔ̃ɖaŋununya;
• nusi wotsɔna ƒoa nu;
• si gbɔ dzi dzi.

To dimmer ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu me la, elektrikŋusẽ zazã va zua nusi me susu le wu, eye elektrikmɔ̃a ƒe agbenɔƒe dzina ɖe edzi.

Woƒe ƒomevi 2 ye li:

• Le PWM dziɖuɖu me. Wodea wo akaɖia kple elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃a dome. Wotsɔa ŋusẽ naa amewo le ʋuʋudedi siwo xɔa ɣeyiɣi vovovowo me.
• 2 lia ƒe nukpɔkpɔ. Wozãa wo na mɔ̃ siwo ƒe elektrikŋusẽ li ke eye wokpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ŋusẽtsoƒea ŋutɔ dzi.

e14 dimmable LED akaɖi la sɔ nyuie na automated ɖoɖowo wuwu. Nɔ te ɖe kekelitsoƒea ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nu. Nuƒlelawo dia wo vevie. 14 nye akaɖia ƒe gɔmeɖoanyi ƒe didime, si woɖe fia le milimeta me. Egbea la, woate ŋu akpɔ akaɖi siawo le nɔnɔme vovovowo me:

• bɔl;
• tsidzadza aɖe;
• bosomikaɖi;
• ŋɔlixexi.

Ʋukulaa ƒe kadodo ƒe nɔnɔmetata na LED-wo

Kadodo ƒomevi 3 ye li, mina míalé ŋku ɖe kpɔɖeŋu aɖe ŋu kple nuƒlela 6. Woƒe elektrikŋusẽ ƒe bu nye 3 V, fifia ƒe zazã nye 300 mA:

• to mɔ ɖeka dzi;
• si le sɔsɔnu;
• tsiã ɖe enu kple 2.

Ðoɖo ƒomevi veviawo:

• Microchip si wotu ɖe. Pin ɖe vovo le PT4115 la ŋu hena LED-awo ƒe ʋuʋu kple woƒe tsitsi dzi kpɔkpɔ. Ne èzã pin sia la, àte ŋu axɔ LED ʋukula si me woate ŋu akpɔ nu le bɔbɔe. Wokpɔa ʋukula si ate ŋu aɖiɖi to asitɔtrɔ le ŋutete ƒe sesẽme ŋu le DIM pin la dzi (ʋukulaa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ madzudzɔmadzudzɔe), alo to dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɣeyiɣi si wodi ƒe ʋu ƒe sisi ƒe dzesi zazã ɖe edzi me (ʋuʋu ƒe nɔnɔme si me stroboscopic ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi le). Le go mamlɛtɔ me la, ʋuʋudedi ƒe gbugbɔgagblɔ ƒe sesẽme si sɔ gbɔ wue nye 50 kHz.
• LED-awo ƒe ʋuʋu nyuie, ne wotsɔ capacitor do ka kple DIM pin kple anyigba dome. Ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ aɖo keklẽ si sɔ gbɔ wu gbɔ la anɔ te ɖe capacitor la ƒe capacitance dzi, zi alesi wòloloe la, zi nenemae akaɖia adze ɣeyiɣi didie, ɖe wo nɔewo yome.
• Le ɣesiaɣi voltage dimmer. Ewɔa dɔ le nyateƒe si wònye be le microcircuit la me la, DIM pin la “hea yia dzi” yia 5 V bɔs la gbɔ to 200 kΩ resistor me. Ne potentiometer slider la le eƒe nɔƒe kɔkɔtɔ kekeake la, wowɔa voltage divider si nye 200 + 200 kΩ eye wowɔa potential si nye 5/2 = 2.5 V le DIM pin la gbɔ, si sɔ kple 100% ƒe keklẽ.
• Galvanic ƒe vovototodedeameme manɔmee . Ebɔbɔ eye kakaɖedzi le eŋu. Wotu mamaa ɖe capacitance dzi. Elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ aɖe nana ƒutsotsoeawo nɔa blɔ le wo ɖɔɖɔɖo vɔ megbe. L7812 nye stabilizer la ŋutɔ.

Wotrɔ asi le ʋukulawo ŋu be woana elektrikŋusẽ si katã le elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ aɖe me nawɔ dɔ nyuie. Ele be woate ɖe woƒe tiatia alo wo ɖokui ƒoƒo ƒu ŋu le agbanɔamedzi me eye ne wobu akɔnta le parameter siwo katã wobia tso wo si ŋu vɔ ko hafi. Ʋukulawo ƒe ɖoɖowo akpe ɖe ŋuwò nàtia mɔ̃ nyuitɔ eye nàdae ɖe wò mɔ̃a dzi nyuie.